北師大版高一英語必修二U4知識點

1、Lesson One 1. come true 成為現(xiàn)實；實現(xiàn)例：Its like a dream come true. (習(xí)語)2. predict v. 語言 prediction n.predict 與forecast 的區(qū)別：predict 是用經(jīng)驗，感覺來判斷；而forecast指對未來事件的預(yù)測，這種預(yù)測建立在某種知識或 判斷上，如對天氣的預(yù)測是建立在科學(xué)判斷上的。3. describe vt. 描寫，形容；把稱為例： He described himself as a doctor. description n. 描述4. harm vt. & n. 損害，傷害Too much

2、direct sunlight will harm the plant. do harm to 傷害，損害This wont do his career serious harm. do more harm than good 弊大于利Criticizing peoples work often does more harm than good. 5. cause n. & vt. (1) n. 原因，起因；理由，緣故Carelessness is often the cause of fires. (2)vt. 使發(fā)生，引起，造成；后接名詞，間接賓語+直接賓語，直接賓語+ to/for+間接

3、賓語或賓語+to do sth.What caused his illness? 6. affect vt. 影響affect vt. 影響Smoking affects health. effect n. 效應(yīng)；影響Loud noises have a bad effect on hearing. effort n. 努力；盡力. Ill spare no effort to help you. affect vt. 使感染;假裝Her heart and kidneys had become affected. 7. offer vt. 提供，供應(yīng)；出價；主動提出 n. 主動提議；出價；特

4、價（1） vt. offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 向某人提供某物I offered him a glass of wine. = I offered a glass of wine to him. （2） offer sb. some money for sth. 出價多少錢向某人買某物He offered $4,000 for the car. （3） offer to do sth. 主動做某事（4） n. Ive had an offer of $4,000 for the small house. （5） on offer 削價出售8. voice

5、 用作及物動詞，意思是“表達，吐露”；voice還可用作名詞，意思是“聲音，嗓音”或“意見；發(fā)言權(quán)”常用短語：voice ones deep love to sb. 表達對某人深深地愛voice ones opinion 表達某人的觀點with one voice 異口同聲in a loud/quiet voice 大聲地/輕聲低9. 采取行動:take action take a step/steps take a measure/measures 10. fear v. 后接名詞，不定式，v-ing形式或從句He fears death. = He fears to die. = He f

6、ears dying. fear n. “害怕，恐懼，擔(dān)心”（1） for fear of + sth./ doing sth. / for fear (that)生怕，以免（2） in fear of 害怕（3） with fear 由于害怕They hurried away for fear of being caught in the rain. = They hurried away for fear that they should be caught in the rain. 11. 復(fù)雜疑問句構(gòu)成：疑問詞+do you think/suppose/imagine/believe/

7、expect+其余部分（其余部分語序為陳述句語序）What do you think technology will change our lives?12. do (看見動作全過程)see sb. doing (看到動作正在進行)done (看到某事被做，表示完成或狀態(tài))13. will, be going to, be about to與be to do 的用法異同（1） 表“推測”用法時，用will表示推測是從我們的直覺，知識及經(jīng)驗出發(fā)的；用be going to 表示推測是來自證據(jù)或事實。Look at those black clouds. Its going to rain. I

8、think people will be able to have holidays on Mars in 100 years time. （2） 表示“將來打算”用法時：a. be going to 表示事先經(jīng)過考慮的打算（will 表示臨時想到的）We are going to Britain next month. b. be going to 表示“預(yù)見”，即現(xiàn)在已有跡象表明要發(fā)生或即將發(fā)生的某種情況；Good heavens, I must hurry. I am going to be late. c. be going to 表示“意圖”，即打算在將來做某事。Im going t

9、o help my parents run our business. （3） be about to do 表示快要做某事，指的是一個眼下就要發(fā)生的動作，因此不能與確切的時間狀語連用。但是，它可以和as 或when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句連用。The plane is about to take off. （4） a. be to do 相當(dāng)于should do,即“某事應(yīng)當(dāng)或必須如何做”，常用在通知或注意事項里。These tables are to be kept out of the reach of children. b. be to do 可以用于表示命令，常用語父母讓子女做某事或上級

10、指示下級去做某事。You are to finish your homework before you watch TV.c.be to do 也可以用于表示預(yù)先安排的計劃或約定。Im to meet Mr. Brown at ten in the evening14. 將來進行時構(gòu)成：助動詞shall/will +be +現(xiàn)在分詞-將來某一時刻或某一段時間正在進行的動作。Lesson Two Websites 1. fancy v. 想象，設(shè)想；認(rèn)為；喜歡；愛好fancy doing sth. n. 想要；愛好2. hang on 抓緊；堅持；別掛電話3. be up to He is wo

11、rking up to now. What are you up to now?He is well up to this work. Its up to me to help them with maths. 4. suggest doing sth. suggest sb. should do sth. 5. keep in touch (with) get in touch (with) lose touch (with) be in touch (with) be/get out of touch (with) bring into/in touch (with) 6. make, f

12、ind, believe, think, consider與feel + it (形式賓語) +adj. to do sth. 7. have sth. done (1) 表示主語有意識的行為，have具有使役意義，主語不參加。(2) 表示“遭遇”“經(jīng)歷”，此時句子所表示的動作是違背主語的意志的。8. 虛擬語氣與真實語氣相反，它表示說話人的愿望，假設(shè)，猜測或建議，而不表示客觀存在的事實。（1） 與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè) 句型：if +主語+動詞的過去式（be動詞用were）+其他，主語+should/would/could/might+動詞原形+其他（2） 與過去事實相反的假設(shè)： 句型：if+主語

13、+had+動詞的過去分詞+其他，主語+should/would/could/might+have+動詞的過去分詞+其他（3） 與將來事實相反的假設(shè)：句型：a. if+主語+動詞的過去式+其他b. if+主語+were to +動詞原形+其他c if+主語+should + 動詞原形+其他，主語+should/would/could/might+動詞原形+其他虛擬語氣用于表示要求，建議，命令等從句中，從句謂語動詞的形式為：should +動詞原形（should可省去）。（1） 賓語從句中常見的動詞有：suggest, advise, propose, insist,urge,ask,demand

14、,request,desire,order,command,require,recommend,prefer等。（2） 主語從句中常見的形容詞有：necessary, desirable,preferable,advisable,important,natural,urgent,strange等；常見的過去分詞有：demanded, ordered,proposed,required,suggested等，即賓語從句中的動詞；常見的名詞有：an idea, a shame, a pity, no wonder 等。（3） 用于表語從句或同位語從句中常見的名詞有：advice, demand,

15、order, proposal, suggestion, request, idea等。（4） 虛擬語氣用于wish 之后的賓語從句中，常譯為“但愿”“就好了”。a. that 從句謂語動詞：動詞的過去式（be 動詞一般用were）b. 表示過去未能實現(xiàn)的愿望。that 從句謂語動詞：had +過去分詞c. 表示有可能實現(xiàn)的愿望。that 從句謂語動詞：would/might +動詞原形d. 在It is wished that 結(jié)構(gòu)以及wish 用作名詞所引導(dǎo)的表語從句和同位語從句中也要用虛擬語氣，基本用法同上。（5） 虛擬語氣用于would rather/prefer之后的從句中，表示希望

16、或委婉地責(zé)備。a. 從句動詞用過去式，表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反。b. 從句動詞用“had+過去分詞”，表示與過去事實相反。c. 從句動詞用動詞原形表示與將來事實相反。（6） 虛擬語氣用于It is (high)time(that)結(jié)構(gòu)中，表示“該做事了”。從句動詞用過去式或“should+動詞原形（should不可?。?。（7） 虛擬語氣用于as if/though引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句和表語從句以及even if/though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，從句動詞形式與wish之后的賓語從句動詞形式相同。（8） 虛擬語氣用于目的狀語從句a. 用于in order that 或so that 引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句

17、中，從句謂語動詞用“may/might/can/could+動詞原形”。b. 用于in case或for fear that 引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句中，表示“以防”，“以免”，從句動詞用should +動詞原形（should不可省）。9. as well 與and 連用，放在句末，表示“也；（既）又”的意思。He is a professor, and a writer as well. as well as “不僅而且；既又；除了之外，還有”。as well as “與一樣好”。10. be known as be known for .be known to be known by be kno

18、wn infamous, noted或distinguished 11. consist of 由組成，無被動式。make up 構(gòu)成，組成be made up of 由構(gòu)成12. climate 氣候，指一個地區(qū)氣候的總情況，如氣溫，降雨量等，還可指（社會）風(fēng)氣。weather 天氣，指特定的一天或某個時節(jié)的天氣的具體情況，如冷暖陰晴等。13. cut off 切斷，斷絕；（突然）中止cut across 抄近路通過cut down 砍倒cut back削減cut in 插嘴cut out切掉，刪掉cut up切碎cut through 抄近路通過；刺穿14. There is no need (for sb. )to do sth. There is no hope of doing sth. There is no possibility to do sth. There is no doubt that 15. (1) be of +抽象名詞，相當(dāng)于be+該名詞的同根形容詞