Unit 2汽車專業(yè)英語(發(fā)動機)

1、Specialized English for AutomobileUnit 2-1Main Components of Engine ContentsPre-questionsII. Text ExplanationIII. Exercises Pre-questionsThe heart of automobilevWhat impression of the engine?complicated power Pre-questionsvWhat are the types of the engine?velectric motors, steam engines, and interna

2、l combustion engines vWhats the internal combustion engine? vburns fuel within the cylinders and converts the expanding force of the combustion into rotary force used to propel the vehicle. Pre-questionsWords & phrasesv Intake manifold mnfld 進氣管v throttle rt()l valve vlv 節(jié)氣門v Cylinder slnd head

3、cover 氣缸蓋罩v Distributor dstrbjt 分電器v Cylinder cover 氣缸蓋v Vent-pipe ventpaip 排氣管v Cylinder block 氣缸體v Spark plug plg 火花塞v timing driving room cover 正時傳動室蓋v Timing belt 正時齒輪帶Words & phrasesv Camshaft kmft 凸輪軸v Cam pulleypl 凸輪帶輪v Crankshaft krkft 曲軸v Crankshaft timing belt gear wheel 曲軸正時齒形帶輪v Flyw

4、heel 飛輪v Water jacket 水套v Piston pst()n 活塞v Sump smp 油底殼v Mechanism mek()nz()m 機械裝置，原理v Connecting rod 連桿v lubricating lu:brikeiti system 潤滑系統(tǒng)Single-cylinder enginecylinderpistonPiston pinConnecting rodcrankshaftOil pipeIntake valveExhaust valve Timing gearOil pumpvwhat is the power source of automo

5、bile and how to produce?piston piston pin connecting rod crankshaft EnginePower is produced by the linear motion of a piston in a cylinder. The connecting rod transmits the up-and-down motion of the piston to the crankshaft, which changes it into rotary motion. Pre-questionsvThe engine comprises two

6、 mechanism and five systems, what are they ?v crankshaft and connecting rod mechanism（曲軸連（曲軸連桿裝置）桿裝置）, v valve gear (閥動裝置）閥動裝置）, v cooling system, v lubricating system, v fuel system, v starting system, v ignition system Pre-questions9connecting rodflywheelcrankshaftpistonintake valveexhaust valvepu

7、sh rodtappettiming gears Valve gear Connecting rod Engine cooling systemEngine lubricating systemFuel supply systemValve gearv pistonv crankshaftv distributorv sumpv timing gearv crankshaft and connecting rod mechanismv valve gearv fuel systemv Spark plugv exhaust manifoldIII. ExercisesTranslate the

8、 following expressions into Chinese.u活塞u曲軸u分電器u油底殼u正時齒輪u曲柄連桿機構u配氣機構u燃油系統(tǒng)u火花塞u排氣歧管v 1-cylinder head cover v 2-pistonv 3-timing beltv 4-water pumpv 5-sumpv 6-oil pumpv 7-crankshaftv 8-flywheelv 9-distributorv 10-valveIII. ExercisesReading v How an Engine Worksv The internal combustion engine, as its n

9、ame indicates, burns fuel within the cylinders and converts expanding force of the combustion into rotary force used to propel the vehicle. The actions taking place in the engine cylinder can be classified into four stages, or stroke. “stroke” refers to piston movement; a stroke occurs when the pist

10、on moves from one limiting position to the other. v propel prpel v. 推動，驅動v limiting position 極限位置vThe internal combustion engine, as its name indicates, burns fuel within the cylinders and converts the expanding force of the combustion into rotary force used to propel the vehicle.v譯文：譯文：內燃機，內燃機，顧名思義

11、顧名思義，就是燃料在氣缸內部，就是燃料在氣缸內部燃燒，并且把燃燒時的膨脹力轉化為驅動車輛的燃燒，并且把燃燒時的膨脹力轉化為驅動車輛的旋轉力。旋轉力。II. Text Explanationv Co.v 轉變；變換轉變；變換v That building has been converted into a school. v 那座樓房改成學校了。那座樓房改成學校了。v 兌換兌換 v I want to convert some Hong Kong dollars into American dollars. v 我想把一些港元換成美元。我想把一些港元換成美元。v 改變信仰、黨

12、派或意見等改變信仰、黨派或意見等 v She managed to convert him to her opinion. v 她終于設法說服了他接受她的意見。她終于設法說服了他接受她的意見。II. Text ExplanationReading v How an Engine Worksv . v The actions taking place in the engine cylinder can be classified into four stages, or stroke.v 發(fā)動機氣缸內的工作過程可以分為四個過程或沖程發(fā)動機氣缸內的工作過程可以分為四個過程或沖程。v be cla

13、ssified into.v 分類為、被分成分類為、被分成v Memory can be classified into short-term and long-term memory.v 記憶可分為長期記憶和短期記憶。記憶可分為長期記憶和短期記憶。II. Text ExplanationReading v How an Engine Worksv “Stroke” refers to piston movement; a stroke occurs when the piston moves from one limiting position to the other. v “沖程”指的是

14、活塞的運動。當活塞從一個極限位置移動到另一個極限位置，即完成了一次沖程。Reading v The upper limit of piston movement is called TDC(top dead center). The lower limit of piston movement is called BDC(bottom dead center). A stroke is piston movement from TDC to BDC or from BDC to TDC. v 活塞運動的上極限位置被稱為活塞運動的上極限位置被稱為TDC（上止點）。（上止點）。v 活塞的下極限位置

15、被稱為活塞的下極限位置被稱為BDC（下止點）。（下止點）。v 一個沖程是指活塞從上止點運動到下止點或者從下止點運一個沖程是指活塞從上止點運動到下止點或者從下止點運動到上止點。動到上止點。Reading v In other words, the piston completes a stroke each time it changes its direction of motion.v 換句話說，活塞每完成一次沖程就會改變運動方向。vIn other words v In other words, they remain relatively constant or static. v 換句

16、話說，它們相對的穩(wěn)定、靜止。換句話說，它們相對的穩(wěn)定、靜止。v In other words, we have adhered to scientific socialism. v 也就是說，我們堅持了科學社會主義也就是說，我們堅持了科學社會主義Reading v Where the entire cycle of events in the cylinder requires four strokes (or two crankshaft revolutions), the engine is called a four-stroke-cycle engine. The four pisto

17、n strokes are intake, compression, power and exhaust.v 氣缸內的全部循環(huán)運動需要四沖程（或稱為二次曲軸轉動），這種發(fā)動機稱為四沖程循環(huán)發(fā)動機?；钊乃臎_程分別為進氣行程、壓縮行程、做功行程和排氣行程。Readingv Intake stroke. On the intake stroke, the intake valve has opened, the piston is moving downward, and a mixture of air and vaporized gasoline is entering the cylinde

18、r through the valve port. The mixture of air and vaporized gasoline is delivered to the cylinder by the fuel system and carburetor.v Vaporized veprazd adj. 汽化的v carburetor ,kbjret n. 汽化器Readingv On the intake stroke, the intake valve has opened, the piston is moving downward, and a mixture of air an

19、d vaporized gasoline is entering the cylinder through the valve port. v “在進氣行程中，進氣門打開，活塞向下移動，可燃混合在進氣行程中，進氣門打開，活塞向下移動，可燃混合氣通過進氣門進入氣缸。氣通過進氣門進入氣缸。Readingv The mixture of air and vaporized gasoline is delivered to the cylinder by the fuel system and carburetor.v 適當濃度的可燃混合氣是由燃料系統(tǒng)和化油器提供的。適當濃度的可燃混合氣是由燃料系統(tǒng)和

20、化油器提供的。v Compression stroke. After the piston reaches BDC, or the lower limit of its travel. It begins to move upwards. As this happens, the intake valve closes. The exhaust valve is also closed, so that the cylinder is sealed. As the piston moves upward (pushed now by the revolving crankshaft and c

21、onnecting rod), the air-fuel mixture is compressed to as little as one-tenth of its original volume, or even less. When the air-fuel mixture is compressed, not only does the pressure in the cylinder to up, but the temperature of the mixture also increases.v revolving rvlv adj. 旋轉的v volume vljum n. 量

22、v After the piston reaches BDC, or the lower limit of its travel. It begins to move upwards. As this happens, the intake valve closes. The exhaust valve is also closed, so that the cylinder is sealed. v 在活塞到達下止點時或者是活塞下限時，活塞開始向上運在活塞到達下止點時或者是活塞下限時，活塞開始向上運動。同時，進氣門關閉，排氣門也關閉，所以這時的汽缸動。同時，進氣門關閉，排氣門也關閉，所以這時

23、的汽缸是封閉的。是封閉的。v As the piston moves upward (pushed now by the revolving crankshaft and connecting rod), the air-fuel mixture is compressed to as little as one-tenth of its original volume, or even less. v 當活塞向上運動時當活塞向上運動時(這時是由轉動的曲軸和連桿推動活塞這時是由轉動的曲軸和連桿推動活塞)，可燃混合氣被壓縮。當活塞到達上止點時，可燃混合氣，可燃混合氣被壓縮。當活塞到達上止點時，可

24、燃混合氣被壓縮到有原體積的十分之下甚至更少。被壓縮到有原體積的十分之下甚至更少。v When the air-fuel mixture is compressed, not only does the pressure in the cylinder to up, but the temperature of the mixture also increases.v 當油氣混合燃料被壓縮時，不僅汽缸里的壓力上升，可燃混合氣的溫度也隨之增加了。v Power stroke. As the piston reaches TDC on the compression stroke, and elec

25、tric spark is produced at the spark plug. The ignition system delivers a high-voltage surge of electricity to the spark plug to produce the spark. The spark ignites the air-fuel mixture. It now begins to burn very rapidly, and the cylinder pressure increased to as much as 3-5MPa or even more. This t

26、errific push against the piston forces it downward, and a power impulse is transmitted through the connecting rod to the crankpin on the crankshaft. The crankshaft is rotated as the piston is pushed down by the pressure above it.v As the piston reaches TDC on the compression stroke, and electric spa

27、rk is produced at the spark plug. The ignition system delivers a high-voltage surge of electricity to the spark plug to produce the spark. v 當活塞到達壓縮行程的上止點時，火花塞產生電火花。v 電火花是由點火系統(tǒng)向火花塞提供高壓電脈沖而產生的。vv The spark ignites the air-fuel mixture. It now begins to burn very rapidly, and the cylinder pressure inc

28、reased to as much as 3-5MPa or even more. v電火花點燃可燃混合氣。可燃混合氣開始發(fā)生劇烈燃燒，氣缸內壓力達到3-5兆帕，甚至更高。v This terrific push against the piston forces it downward, and a power impulse is transmitted through the connecting rod to the crankpin on the crankshaft. The crankshaft is rotated as the piston is pushed down by

29、 the pressure above it.v 作用于活塞上強大的推動力推動活塞向下運動，并將這一推力通過連桿傳到曲軸上的連桿軸頸上。v 因此，當活塞受壓向下運動時，推動曲軸轉動。v Exhaust stroke. As the piston reaches BDC again, the exhaust valve opens. Now, as the piston moves up on the exhaust stroke, it forces the burned gases out of the cylinder through the exhaust-valve port. The

30、n, when the piston reaches TDC, the exhaust valve closed and the intake valve opens. Now, a fresh charge of air-fuel mixture will be drawn into the cylinder as the piston moves down toward BDC.v This four stroke cycle of piston within the cylinder is repeated time and again to put the vehicle forwar

31、d.v As the piston reaches BDC again, the exhaust valve opens. Now, as the piston moves up on the exhaust stroke, it forces the burned gases out of the cylinder through the exhaust-valve port. v 當活塞再一次到達下止點時，排氣門打開。v 同時，活塞向上移動，把廢氣經排氣門排出氣缸。v Then, when the piston reaches TDC, the exhaust valve closed a

32、nd the intake valve opens. Now, a fresh charge of air-fuel mixture will be drawn into the cylinder as the piston moves down toward BDC.v 隨后活塞達到上止點，排氣門關閉，進氣門打開。當活塞又一次向下移動到達下止點時，新鮮燃混合氣被吸入氣缸。v This four stroke cycle of piston within the cylinder is repeated again and again to put the vehicle forward.v

33、上述的四個行程又繼續(xù)重復，推進車輛前進。vstroke vBDC vTDC vsurge vterrific vcrankpin vintake strokevCompression stroke vpower stroke vexhaust strokevfresh chargev行程，沖程；v上止點；v下止點；v沖擊，脈動；v了不起的，絕妙的；v曲柄銷，連桿軸頸；v吸氣沖程；v壓縮沖程；v做功沖程；v排氣沖程；v吸入的新鮮混合油氣vI. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.v 1Engine is the power source of the automobile. Power is produced by the linear motion of a piston in a cylinder.v 發(fā)動機是汽車的動力源發(fā)動機是汽車的動力源.它通過汽缸內的活塞線性運動產生它通過汽缸內的活塞線性運動產生的的.v 2The fuel system works according to the requirements of the engine as it provide