數(shù)碼相機(jī)詳細(xì)介紹(中英對(duì)照版)

1、Introduction of New Digital Camera Overview Digital cameras, digital cameras is short; also known as: Digital camera; English full name: Digital Still Camera (DSC), referred to as: Digital Camera (DC).Digital cameras, is an electronic sensor to convert optical images into electronic data camera. And

2、 ordinary cameras on film by chemical changes of silver bromide to record images of the principles of different digital camera sensor is a light-sensing charge-coupled - (zh-cn: device; zh-tw: Component) - ( CCD) or complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS). In the image transmitted to a comput

3、er before will usually stored in a digital storage device (usually flash memory; floppy disk and CD Rewritable (CD-RW) has been rarely used in digital cameras, equipment). The Working PrincipleDigital Camera is a optical, mechanical, electronic integrated products. It integrates image information co

4、nversion, storage and transmission components, with digital access mode, with computer processing and real-time interactive shooting and so on. Light through the lens or lens group into the camera, the imaging device into a digital signal, digital signal through the images stored in the memory chip

5、computing device.Digital camera is the CCD imaging device or a CMOS, the imaging component is characterized by the light through, according to the different light into electronic signals. Digital cameras first appeared in the United States, more than 20 years ago, the United States had to use it to

6、send photos via satellite to the ground, and later converted to civilian use of digital photography and constantly expanding range of applications.Advantages: 1, can immediately see the picture after picture, which provides a right not satisfied with the work immediately to remake the possibility of

7、 reducing the incidence of regret. 2, only for those who want to pay for washing photographs, and other unwanted pictures can be deleted. 3, color reproduction and color range are no longer dependent on film quality. 4, sensitivity is no longer a result of the film and fixed. Photoelectric conversio

8、n chips can provide a variety of sensitivity options.Disadvantages: 1, due to the imaging devices and image processing chip conversion, optical cameras, image quality compared to the lack of layering.2, due to the various manufacturers of different image processing chip technology, imaging performan

9、ce of the color photos and actual objects, a different difference. 3, due to a lack of core technologies in China, the latter part of the use of the higher maintenance costs. The Product ClassificationAccording to the most common use of a digital camera can simply be divided into: single-lens reflex

10、 camera, card camera, telephoto cameras, cameras and home.SLR Digital CamerasSLR means single lens reflex digital cameras, namely digital digital, single individual, lens lens, reflex reflectors abbreviation dslr. The representative of the market model is commonly found in Nikon, Canon, Pentax, Fuji

11、 and so on. Such cameras typically larger, heavier.The use of electronic viewfinder evf models, but also classified as single-lens reflex type, but generally add the word "similar" or an indication of evf viewfinder, such as the Olympus c-2100uz, Fuji finepix 6900 and so on. The work of th

12、e SLR digital camera system, the light through the lens reach the mirror, the refraction to the top of the focusing screen and the images formed through the eyepiece and the five prism, we can see outside the viewfinder scenery. In contrast, usually only through the lcd screen digital camera or an e

13、lectronic viewfinder (evf) to see the captured images. Clearly see the image directly than by processing the image to see more conducive to filming.SLR digital cameras feature a large lens can be exchanged with different specifications, it is natural advantages of SLR cameras, an ordinary digital ca

14、mera can not be compared.Card camera Card camera in the industry there is no clear concept refers only to those compact shape, relatively light and slim stylish body design is a measure of the main criteria for such a digital camera. In which Sony T series, Olympus AZ1, and Casio Z series should be

15、classified in this area.Main Features: Card is not a digital camera can be cumbersome to carry; and put them in formal occasions, suit pocket and will not fall too jacket deformation; the little hand bag ladies no longer difficult to find space for the next squeeze them; in the other occasions, the

16、camera stuffed into jeans pockets or simply hang around the neck is also acceptable.Although they function is not powerful, but the most basic exposure compensation function is standard in ultra-thin digital cameras, combined with regional or spot metering mode, these small things are sometimes stil

17、l able to complete some photography. At least you can have a basic picture of the exposure control, and then with the color, clarity, contrast and other options, a lot of beautiful pictures can also be from these are "masters" were failing to appreciate the little things.Cameras, camera ca

18、rds and other differences: Advantages: stylish appearance, large-screen LCD screen, a compact, slim body, easy to handle. Disadvantages: manual function is relatively weak, large power consumption of a larger LCD screen, lens performance is poor.Telephoto cameraTelephoto camera focus is a digital ca

19、mera refers to a larger optical zoom models, but the greater the optical zoom and can shoot the scene the more distant. Representative models are: Minolta Z series, the Panasonic FX series, the Fuji S series, the Kodak DX series. Some of the longer lens digital camera, internal lens and the light-se

20、nsitive mobile devices more space, so zoom is greater.Main features: telephoto digital camera and binoculars in fact the main features of the principle is similar to the movement through the lens within the lens to change focal length. When people are shooting distant landscape, or do not want to be

21、 disturbed by the photographer when the benefit of telephoto played out. In addition the longer the focal length while the more shallow depth of field, and the aperture the greater the more shallow depth of field effect is the same, shallow depth of field is to highlight the main benefits of the vir

22、tual background, I believe a lot of FANS at the camera when they pursue a shallow depth of field effect, so to make them more professional photo shoot.Some of the longer lens digital camera, internal lens and the light-sensitive mobile devices more space, so zoom is greater. Today, optical zoom digi

23、tal camera mostly in the three-fold between -12 times, you can bring an object closer than 10 meters to 5-3 meters near; there are also some digital camera has a 10 times optical zoom effect. Home video camera optical zoom of 10 times -22 times, can be more clearly photographed something 70 meters a

24、way.Use multiplier lens can increase the optical zoom cameras. If the optical zoom is not enough, people can add a multiplier front of the camera lens, which is calculated in this way, an A 2x teleconverter, set of 4 in an original optical zoom digital camera, then it sets the digital the camera'

25、;s optical zoom from the original one times, two times, three times, four times into two times, four times, six times and eight times, that is Teleconverter and optical zoom multiples of multiples derived from multiplying.Zoom range the bigger the better? For the overall quality of the lens, in fact

26、 the greater the zoom range, lens quality is also worse. 10 times as large zoom lens of the two most frequently encountered problem is the lens distortion and chromatic dispersion. Purple fringe conditions are more serious, super-zoom lens is easy to produce barrel distortion at the wide angle end,

27、and in the telephoto side pincushion distortion produced, although the lens distortion is inevitable, but it will be a good lens distortion control in a within reasonable limits.The theory, the greater zoom lens is also more prone to deformation. Of course, many manufacturers also have done a lot of

28、 efforts. Example, manufacturers will often join in the lens of non-spherical lens to prevent the emergence of such deformation. Dispersion is commonly used for anti-dispersion lens manufacturers to avoid, such as Nikon's ED lenses. As optical technology advances, the current 10 × zoom lens

29、 actually optical performance should be taken to meet the everyday needs. Common BrandSony (Sony) JapanCanon (Canon) Japan Nikon (Nikon) Japan Olympus (Olympus) Japan,Samsung Electronics (Samsung) Korea, Kodak (Kodak) AmericaFuji film (Fuji Film) JapanKonica Minolta (Konica Minolta), JapanPentax (Pe

30、ntax) Japan Matsushita Electric (Panasonic), JapanCasio (Casio) JapanRicoh (Ricoh) Japanese Leica (Leica) GermanPatriot ( aigo) Lenovo (lenovo) China BenQ (BenQ) China  The Main Parts1, UV lens 2, LCD protective film 3, gas blowing 4, lens cloth 、5, Camera Bag  Terminology Explai

31、ned CCD English translation: electronic coupling component (charged coupled device), it is like a traditional film camera, like a light sensing circuit device, you can think of many hearts it tiny sensor particles, covered with the rear in the optical lens , when the light and images from the l

32、ens, through, projected onto the CCD surface, CCD will produce current, sensed the content into digital data storage. The more the number of CCD pixels, a single larger pixel size, the collected images will be clearer. Thus, while the number of CCD image quality is determined not only focus on the c

33、amera can still regard it as an important sub-class quasi-one.Wide-angle lensWide-angle lens that is wide angle, also known as short-focus lens. A result of wide-angle lens focal length is very short, so in the end piece on the scene projected on the smaller shots to widen the angle, in addition to

34、shooting more features, better environment in the narrow capture a wide angle image.IESP auto-focusIESP autofocus IESP in English intelligent electro selective pattern (intelligent electronic selection mode) acronym. IESP digital camera auto-focus is done in the focus of multiple blocks within the p

35、artition (with the information that way split fan-shaped partition), and then divided by the measured focus position block an integrated computing, according to the main body of the different states, to determine the best focal length bit. IESP Olympus digital camera auto-focus in the presentations

36、often see. Optical ZoomOptical zoom relies on optical lens structure to achieve the zoom, zoom 35mm camera similar manner, that is, moving through the camera lens to enlarge and reduce the need to take the scene, the greater the optical zoom and can shoot the scene the more distant. Today's

37、 digital camera optical zoom mostly in the two-fold between -5 times, there are some yards have 10 times the camera optical zoom effect. Home video camera optical zoom of 10 times to 22 times, can be more clearly photographed something 70 meters away. Use multiplier lens can increase the optical zoo

38、m cameras.Programmed auto exposureProgrammed auto exposure Programmed auto exposure is a combination of electronic technology and artificial intelligence product of exposure in this way, the camera will not only be able to figure out the right lighting conditions according to exposure, but also auto

39、matically selects the appropriate exposure combinations. HyperfocalAfter the super-focal length lens, depth of field because of relatively large, people called for a clear image can be the focus of future ultra-focus distance. Hyperfocal distance within the scene is not really clear image, beca

40、use the focus is not on the right is certainly ambiguous, but the extent of ambiguity can accept only ordinary people, this is a film camera can not be a fool to enlarge too big reason. EVFElectronic viewfinder Electronic viewfinder (EVF), the vision of the use of electronic shooting rate than

41、the much larger optical viewfinder, such as the Sony DSC-f707 vision of the EVF rate reached 99%. The electronic viewfinder is also more practical, this filming will not only be cheaper, use very low power consumption, but also used under any ambient light. Although the viewfinder in the screen view

42、ing angle and color effects and the final result incomplete the same, but the use of a period of time, or soon after the adaptation.  Using Techniques 1. Maintenance To keep the camera cleanStain on the lens would seriously reduce the image quality, there spots or reduce image contras

43、t. The fingers hit the lens, which is inevitable, dust and gravel will fall into the optical device. Cleaning tool is very simple: the lens paper with a cloth or a fine tool, lens brush and cleaning sets. Do not use cardboard, paper towel or napkin to clean the lens. These products contain a sc

44、raping of wood pulp, would seriously undermine the fragile coating on the camera lens. Cleaning of paper when not in use, the micro-fiber cleaning cloth placed in the original container to keep it clean. Micro-fiber cloth is washable, can be washed with regular clothes. Try not to use cotton T-

45、shirt or other fibers, because the coarse gravel may be infiltrated to go. If the lens cleaning brush the dust and debris, do not brush on the hair with the hand or finger contact with the skin of oil will be transmitted to the hair, and then glued to the lens. Clear lens dust Another approach

46、is frequently used lens. If your camera has a lens cover, you can use a tape, rubber band or "lens fixed" devices it fixed on the camera body. Hot and cold weather will also affect the camera. If the camera had the air-conditioned room and then immediately placed in a relatively hot,

47、humid environment, the lens and viewfinder will have a cloud point appears. Then need to use a suitable tissue or cloth to clean. If you take the camera from the cold, dry outdoor into indoor, the best camera in a bag inside the preheating should first look, and then come up on the house. And to be

48、careful lens to see if it was not " sweating", and sweat of the immediate action. Professional photographers, the recommendations: portable with a plastic zipper-lock bag. In very humid or dusty climate, you can dig a small hole in the side of the camera lens and then Fang Dexia just

49、put the camera bag, to prevent fog, moisture and dust into the camera, extend their useful life. Finally, do not put the camera into a high relative humidity, after a car ride, automotive interior like a stove, as cause plastic deformation of wire damage. Many manufacturers are recommended

50、: If you do not have the camera for two weeks or longer, preferably the battery out, because the battery will leak decay, and sometimes will affect the circuit connection, so that the camera not work properly. 2. ShootingTtechniquesThe common digital camera's optical viewfinder is next to t

51、he shaft, from the optical viewfinder the scene to see the actual photos taken with the lens is not through the same optical axis, have been more proactive things worse the more obvious short-sightedness. Optical viewfinder often compensate for some close-up signs to tell the photographer or less er

52、rors. Using the LCD viewfinder can largely solve this problem. And use of traditional film cameras and shoot a good photograph is to predict with confidence an important prerequisite for the camera, focus. We found that some cameras, LCD brightness and color reproduction are some errors, from t

53、he LCD to see the filming and the final image on a computer monitor is not a small difference. Carefully compare after a few users will be able to adapt to this difference .一、概述數(shù)碼相機(jī)，是數(shù)碼照相機(jī)的簡(jiǎn)稱；又名：數(shù)字式相機(jī)；英文全稱：Digital Still Camera (DSC)，簡(jiǎn)稱：Digital Camera (DC)。數(shù)碼相機(jī)，是一種利用電子傳感器把光學(xué)影像轉(zhuǎn)換成電子數(shù)據(jù)的照相機(jī)。與普通照相機(jī)在膠卷上靠溴

54、化銀的化學(xué)變化來(lái)記錄圖像的原理不同，數(shù)字相機(jī)的傳感器是一種光感應(yīng)式的電荷耦合-zh-cn：器件；zh-tw：組件-(CCD)或互補(bǔ)金屬氧化物半導(dǎo)體(CMOS)。在圖像傳輸?shù)接?jì)算機(jī)以前，通常會(huì)先儲(chǔ)存在數(shù)碼存儲(chǔ)設(shè)備中（通常是使用閃存；軟磁盤與可重復(fù)擦寫光盤（CD-RW），已很少用于數(shù)字相機(jī)設(shè)備）。二、工作原理數(shù)碼相機(jī)是集光學(xué)、機(jī)械、電子技術(shù)于一體的產(chǎn)品。它集成了影像信息的轉(zhuǎn)換、存儲(chǔ)和傳輸?shù)炔考?，具有?shù)字化存取模式，與電腦交互處理和實(shí)時(shí)拍攝等特點(diǎn)。光線通過鏡頭或者鏡頭組進(jìn)入相機(jī)，通過成像元件轉(zhuǎn)化為數(shù)字信號(hào)，數(shù)字信號(hào)通過影像運(yùn)算芯片處理后儲(chǔ)存在存儲(chǔ)設(shè)備中。數(shù)碼相機(jī)的成像元件是CCD或者CMOS，該成像

55、元件的特點(diǎn)是光線通過時(shí)，能根據(jù)光線的不同轉(zhuǎn)化為不同的電子信號(hào)。數(shù)碼相機(jī)最早出現(xiàn)在美國(guó)，20多年前，美國(guó)曾利用它通過衛(wèi)星向地面?zhèn)魉驼掌?，后?lái)數(shù)碼攝影轉(zhuǎn)為民用并不斷拓展應(yīng)用范圍。優(yōu)點(diǎn)：1、拍照之后可以立即看到圖片，從而提供了對(duì)不滿意的作品立刻重拍的可能性，減少了遺憾的發(fā)生。2、只需為那些想沖洗的照片付費(fèi)，其它不需要的照片可以刪除。3、色彩還原和色彩范圍不再依賴膠卷的質(zhì)量。4、感光度也不再因膠卷而固定。光電轉(zhuǎn)換芯片能提供多種感光度選擇。缺點(diǎn)：1、由于通過成像元件和影像處理芯片的轉(zhuǎn)換，成像質(zhì)量相比光學(xué)相機(jī)缺乏層次感。2、由于各個(gè)廠家的影像處理芯片技術(shù)的不同，成像照片表現(xiàn)的顏色與實(shí)際物體有一定的區(qū)別。3

56、、由于中國(guó)缺乏核心技術(shù)，后期使用維修成本較高。三、產(chǎn)品分類根據(jù)數(shù)碼相機(jī)的用途可以簡(jiǎn)單分為：?jiǎn)畏聪鄼C(jī)，卡片相機(jī)，長(zhǎng)焦相機(jī)和家用相機(jī)。單反相機(jī)單反數(shù)碼相機(jī)就是指單鏡頭反光數(shù)碼相機(jī)，即digital數(shù)碼、single單獨(dú)、lens鏡頭、reflex反光的英文縮寫dslr。市場(chǎng)中的代表機(jī)型常見于尼康、佳能、賓得、富士等。此類相機(jī)一般體積較大，比較重。使用電子取景器evf的機(jī)型，也歸入單反類，但一般加注“類似”，或注明是evf取景，如奧林巴斯c-2100uz、富士finepix 6900等。 在單反數(shù)碼相機(jī)的工作系統(tǒng)中，光線透過鏡頭到達(dá)反光鏡后，折射到相機(jī)的對(duì)焦屏上面并結(jié)成影像，透過接目鏡和五棱鏡，我們

57、可以在觀景窗中看到外面的景物。與此相對(duì)的，一般數(shù)碼相機(jī)只能通過lcd屏或者電子取景器(evf)看到所拍攝的影像。顯然直接看到的影像比通過處理后看到的影像更利于拍攝。單反數(shù)碼相機(jī)的最大特點(diǎn)就是可以更換不同規(guī)格的鏡頭，這是單反相機(jī)天生的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，是普通數(shù)碼相機(jī)不能比擬的?？ㄆ鄼C(jī)卡片相機(jī)在業(yè)界內(nèi)沒有明確的概念，僅指那些外形小巧的、相對(duì)較輕的機(jī)身以及超薄時(shí)尚的設(shè)計(jì)，這幾點(diǎn)是衡量此類數(shù)碼相機(jī)的主要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。其中索尼T系列、奧林巴斯AZ1和卡西歐Z系列等都應(yīng)劃分到這一種類。主要特點(diǎn)：卡片數(shù)碼相機(jī)外形小巧，可以被隨身攜帶；而在正式場(chǎng)合把它們放進(jìn)西服口袋里也不會(huì)墜得外衣變形；女士們的小手包再也不難找到擠下它們的空間

58、；在其他場(chǎng)合把相機(jī)塞到牛仔褲口袋或者干脆掛在脖子上也是可以接受的。雖然它們功能并不強(qiáng)大，但是最基本的曝光補(bǔ)償功能還是超薄數(shù)碼相機(jī)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)配置，再加上區(qū)域或者點(diǎn)測(cè)光模式，這些小東西在有時(shí)候還是能夠完成一些攝影創(chuàng)作。至少你對(duì)畫面的曝光可以有基本控制，再配合色彩、清晰度、對(duì)比度等選項(xiàng)，“高手”們看不上的小東西也可以拍攝出很多漂亮的照片?？ㄆ鄼C(jī)和其他相機(jī)區(qū)別：優(yōu)點(diǎn)：時(shí)尚的外觀、大屏幕液晶屏、小巧纖薄的機(jī)身，操作便捷。缺點(diǎn)：手動(dòng)功能相對(duì)薄弱、超大的液晶顯示屏耗電量較大、鏡頭性能較差。長(zhǎng)焦相機(jī)焦數(shù)碼相機(jī)指的是具有較大光學(xué)變焦倍數(shù)的機(jī)型，而光學(xué)變焦倍數(shù)越大，能拍攝的景物就越遠(yuǎn)。代表機(jī)型為：美能達(dá)Z系列、松下

59、FX系列、富士S系列、柯達(dá)DX系列等。一些鏡頭越長(zhǎng)的數(shù)碼相機(jī)，內(nèi)部的鏡片和感光器移動(dòng)空間更大，所以變焦倍數(shù)也更大。主要特點(diǎn)：長(zhǎng)焦數(shù)碼相機(jī)主要特點(diǎn)其實(shí)和望遠(yuǎn)鏡的原理差不多，通過鏡頭內(nèi)部鏡片的移動(dòng)而改變焦距。當(dāng)人們拍攝遠(yuǎn)處的景物或者是被拍攝者不希望被打擾時(shí)，長(zhǎng)焦的好處就發(fā)揮出來(lái)了。另外焦距越長(zhǎng)則景深越淺，和光圈越大景深越淺的效果是一樣的，淺景深的好處在于突出主體而虛化背景，相信很多FANS在拍照時(shí)都追求一種淺景深的效果，這樣使照片拍出來(lái)更加專業(yè)。一些鏡頭越長(zhǎng)的數(shù)碼相機(jī)，內(nèi)部的鏡片和感光器移動(dòng)空間更大，所以變焦倍數(shù)也更大。如今數(shù)碼相機(jī)的光學(xué)變焦倍數(shù)大多在3倍12倍之間，即可把10米以外的物體拉近至5-3米近；也有一些數(shù)碼相機(jī)擁有10倍的光學(xué)變焦效果。家用攝錄機(jī)的光學(xué)變焦倍數(shù)在10倍-22倍，能比較清楚的拍到70米外的東西。使用增倍鏡能夠增大攝錄機(jī)的光學(xué)變焦倍數(shù)。如果光學(xué)變焦倍數(shù)不夠，人們可以在鏡頭前加一增倍鏡，其計(jì)算方法是這樣的，一個(gè)2倍的增距鏡，套在一個(gè)原有4倍光學(xué)變焦的數(shù)碼相機(jī)上，那么這臺(tái)數(shù)碼相機(jī)的光學(xué)變焦倍數(shù)由原來(lái)