專題歸類復(fù)習(xí)一　連詞與并列句、狀語從句

1、.連詞是連接詞與詞、短語與短語或句子與句子的詞，主要分為并列連詞和從屬連詞。一、并列連詞與并列句并列連詞表示單詞、短語或句子之間存在并列關(guān)系。并列句是用并列連詞連接起來的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句，其構(gòu)成形式為“簡(jiǎn)單句并列連詞簡(jiǎn)單句。1. 表示順延或并列關(guān)系的連詞及并列句and和bothand和都not onlybut also不但而且neithernor既不也不Be careful, and you will make fewer mistakes. 仔細(xì)一點(diǎn)兒，這樣你會(huì)少犯錯(cuò)誤。It is dangerous for both you and your pet. 這對(duì)你和你的寵物而言都是危險(xiǎn)的

2、。The room is not only large but also beautiful. 這個(gè)房間不但大而且漂亮。He is neither reading nor writing now. 如今他既沒有讀書，也沒有寫字。注意：not onlybut also和neithernor連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞遵循“就近原那么，即謂語動(dòng)詞與靠近它的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。 Not only you but also I am a teacher. 不但你而且我也是一名老師。Neither I nor he is the member here. 我和他都不是這里的會(huì)員。2. 表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連

3、詞及并列句but 但是yet 然而while 而I called after you, but you did not hear. 我在后面叫你， 但你沒聽到。It's a small car, yet it's surprisingly spacious.這輛汽車不大，然而出奇地寬闊。Jim likes English while his sister likes Chinese. 吉姆喜歡英語，而他妹妹喜歡漢語。3. 表示選擇關(guān)系的連詞及并列句eitheror 要么要么or或者You either come in or go away; don't stand by

4、 the door. 你要么進(jìn)來，要么走開；別站在門口。You can stay here, or you can leave. 你可以待在這里或者分開。注意：1eitheror連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞遵循“就近原那么，即謂語動(dòng)詞與靠近它的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。Either Jim or you go instead of me. 要么吉姆要么你代替我去。2or 作并列連詞，還可譯為“否那么Study hard, or you will fall behind.努力學(xué)習(xí)，否那么你將落后。 4. 表示因果關(guān)系的連詞及并列句so 所以，因此，于是for 因?yàn)镠e was ill, so he

5、didn't go to school.他病了，所以沒有去上學(xué)。I went to see him, for I had something to tell him. 我去見他了，因?yàn)槲矣惺乱嬖V他。二、附屬連詞與狀語從句狀語從句通常由附屬連詞引導(dǎo)，與主句連接。根據(jù)不同的用處，狀語從句可分為時(shí)間狀語從句、條件狀語從句、原因狀語從句、目的狀語從句、結(jié)果狀語從句、讓步狀語從句等。1. 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的連詞when/while/as當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候before/after在之前/后until/till 直到whenever 每當(dāng)；無論何時(shí)as soon as一就since 自從以來1when, w

6、hile 與 aswhen, while 與 as都可譯為“當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候，用來引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。when從句謂語動(dòng)詞可以是短暫性動(dòng)詞，也可以是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。當(dāng)主句為一般將來時(shí)時(shí)，從句常用一般如今時(shí)表將來，即“主將從現(xiàn)。while從句的謂語動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，多用進(jìn)展時(shí)，可連接兩個(gè)同時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 as從句的動(dòng)詞一般為短暫性動(dòng)詞。as引導(dǎo)的從句一般不用進(jìn)展時(shí)。as引導(dǎo)的從句還可譯為“一邊一邊；隨著。When she came into my room, I was watching TV. 當(dāng)她進(jìn)入我的房間時(shí)，我正在看電視。Sorry, I was out when you called me. 對(duì)

7、不起，你給我打 時(shí)，我出去了。When you are out, I will look after your dog. 當(dāng)你不在的時(shí)候，我會(huì)照顧你的狗。While they were talking, the bell rang. 當(dāng)他們正在談話的時(shí)候，鈴響了。While Jim was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. 當(dāng)吉姆看報(bào)紙的時(shí)候，我正在看電視。The students took notes as they listened. 學(xué)生們邊聽課邊做筆記。As time went by, the weather got worse. 隨著

8、時(shí)間的推移，天氣變得更加糟糕了。2before與afterbefore與after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句分別表示“在之前和“在之后。當(dāng)主句為一般將來時(shí)時(shí)，從句常用一般如今時(shí)表示將來。I will get everything ready before the teacher comes in. 我將在老師進(jìn)來之前準(zhǔn)備好所有的東西。3until與tilluntil與till意義一樣。二者都可用于肯定句中，表示“做某事直到某時(shí)，動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞；until還可用于否認(rèn)句中，表示“直到某時(shí)才做某事，動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞均可?？隙ň洌?I slept until midnight. 我一直睡

9、到半夜。Wait till I call you. 等著我叫你。否認(rèn)句： She didn't arrive until 6 o'clock. 她直到6點(diǎn)才到。Don't get off the bus until it stops. 公共汽車停下后再下車。I didn't manage to do it until you explained how. 直到你解釋了以后，我才做成這件事。區(qū)別： until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。Until you told me, I heard nothing about what happened. 直到你告

10、訴我，不然我一點(diǎn)兒也不知道發(fā)生了什么事。4whenever與as soon aswhenever意為“每當(dāng)；無論何時(shí)；as soon as意為“一就。引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)，當(dāng)主句為一般將來時(shí)時(shí)，從句常用一般如今時(shí)表示將來。He asked about my health whenever he met me. 他每次碰到我，都問我的安康狀況。Whenever she comes, she brings a friend. 她每次來都帶一位朋友。As soon as I got home, it began to rain. 我一到家，天就下起雨來。I'll ring you up as

11、soon as they arrive here. 他們一到這里，我就給你打 。5sincesince意為“自從以來，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)，主句常用如今完成時(shí)，從句常用一般過去時(shí)。Two weeks has passed since they arrived in Paris. 自從他們抵達(dá)巴黎以來，兩周過去了。2. 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的連詞if 假如unless 除非條件狀語從句通常由if或unless引導(dǎo)。當(dāng)主句為一般將來時(shí)時(shí)，從句用一般如今時(shí)表示將來，即“主將從現(xiàn)。He will help you if you ask him.假如你請(qǐng)他幫助，他會(huì)幫助你的。Unless it rains,

12、the game will be held as planned. 除非天下雨，否那么比賽將按計(jì)劃舉行。注意：在“祈使句and/or陳述句句型中，祈使句在意義上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語從句。Use your head, and you'll find a way. If you use your head, you'll find a way.動(dòng)動(dòng)腦筋，你就會(huì)想出方法來。Start earlier, or you will fail to arrive there on time.If you don't start earlier, you will fail to arr

13、ive there on time.假如不早點(diǎn)兒動(dòng)身，你就不能按時(shí)趕到那兒。3. 引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的連詞because 因?yàn)閟ince 既然as 由于because, since與as都表示原因，語氣由強(qiáng)至弱依次為becausesinceas。1because表示直接原因，語氣最強(qiáng)，常用來答復(fù)由why提出的問題。Why are you late? 你為什么遲到了？Because I missed the bus.因?yàn)槲义e(cuò)過了公共汽車。2假如狀語從句所表示的原因是人們的事實(shí)， 那么要用since, 意為 “既然。Since the rain has stopped, let's go o

14、ut for a walk. 既然雨停了，咱們出去漫步吧。3as表示的原因是雙方的事實(shí)或顯而易見的原因。其含義與since一樣，但語氣更弱。We all like her as she is kind. 我們都喜歡她，因?yàn)樗蚀?。As I had a cold, I was absent from school. 因?yàn)槲腋忻傲?，所以沒去上課。4. 引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的連詞so that 以便；為了in order that 以便；為了1so that和in order that引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句時(shí)，從句中常含有may, might, can, could, will, would 等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。We

15、 started early so that we could catch the first train.我們很早就出發(fā)了，以便能趕上第一班火車。We used the computer to search for information in order that we might save time.為了節(jié)省時(shí)間，我們用電腦查信息。2so that和in order that引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句時(shí)，假如主句主語和從句主語一致，可用to或in order to將其轉(zhuǎn)換為簡(jiǎn)單句。He got up early so that he could get to school on time.He g

16、ot up early in order to get to school on time.為了按時(shí)到校，他起得很早。5. 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的連詞so that 結(jié)果是sothat/suchthat如此以致于1so that可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，意為“結(jié)果是。Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest. 杰克病得很厲害，他必須休息。2由sothat和suchthat引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句的構(gòu)造分別是“so形容詞/副詞that 從句或“sucha/an形容詞單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞that 從句或“such形容詞復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞that從句。He was so exc

17、ited that he couldn't say a word. 他如此沖動(dòng)，以致于一句話也說不出來。It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to go out. 這么熱的天，沒有人愿意出去。He has such long arms that he can get the apples on the tree.他的胳膊如此長(zhǎng)，以致于夠得著樹上的蘋果。He gave us such valuable advice that we were very grateful to him. 他給了我們很有價(jià)值的建議，我們很感謝他。 注意：1假如名詞由

18、many, much, little少, few等表示數(shù)量的詞修飾時(shí)，只能用so, 不能用such。He has so many books that I can't count them. 他有很多書，以至于我數(shù)不清它們。There was so much food that we couldn't eat it all. 食物太多了，我們吃不完。I have so little money that I can not afford a car.我的錢太少，買不起一輛車。2sothat和suchthat句式可以進(jìn)展同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。This is so interesting a

19、 book that we all enjoy reading it.This is such an interesting book that we all enjoy reading it.這本書非常有趣，我們都喜歡看。3sothat與tooto或notenough to 可以進(jìn)展同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。He is so young that he can't go to school.He is too young to go to school.He is not old enough to go to school.他年齡太小了，不能去上學(xué)。He was so excited that

20、he couldn't go to sleep that night.He was too excited to go to sleep that night. 那天晚上，他如此興奮，以致于無法入睡。6. 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的連詞though/although 盡管，雖然though和although同義，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，可以互換使用，但主句里均不可用but; 假設(shè)要強(qiáng)調(diào)前后兩部分的比照意義，可在主句前加yet或still。Although/Though he has a lot of money, yet/still he is unhappy.他雖然有很多錢，但并不幸福。Altho

21、ugh/Though he was tired, he kept on working.他雖然很疲勞，但仍繼續(xù)工作。 1.2019·鹽城Work hard, _ you'll have a big success.A. or BbutCand Dyet2.2019·蘇州You will never achieve success _ you devote yourself to your work.Aafter BifCbecause Dunless3.2019·鹽城You will be able to see something _ you climb

22、 onto those rocks.Aif BthoughCuntil Dunless4.2019·連云港The Reader has been a popular programme since last year, _ there is still something not satisfying.Athough BuntilCif Dunless5.2019·黃岡Which show do you prefer, Running Man or The Reader?The Reader, of course. _ I _ my brother likes it. AB

23、oth; andBNeither; norCEither; orDNot only; but also6.2019·天水Taxi Apps打車軟件 can help us travel around more easily. _ more and more people like using them.A. Or BSoCAnd DBut7.2019·濱州I want to be a teacher when I grow up.Work hard, _ your dream will come true.Aor BbutCthough Dand8.2019·泰安

24、I didn't believe I could do it _ I got to the top of Mount Tai.Aunless BuntilCafter Das9.2019·青島Jack's mother was so tired. She felt asleep _ she lay down on the bed.Auntil Bas soon asCunless Dalthough10.2019·孝感 _ dancing is good exercise for the old, sometimes it makes a lot of no

25、ise. A. If BAlthoughCUntil DBecause11.2019·安徽Hold your dream, _ you might regret some day.A. and Bor Cbut Dso12.2019·呼和浩特 _ Lucy _ you can't go to the party. One of you has to stay at home to look after your grandma.ANeither; norBEither; orCNot only; but alsoDBoth; and13.Laura opened t

26、he door and rushed into the rain_ I could stop her.Auntil Bafter Cbefore Dunless14.Chen Wei isn't at school today _ he is taking a robot competition in Shanghai.Aso Bbecause Cbefore Dif15.My mother prefers to take a bus to her office, _ she has a car of her own.Aif BbecauseCalthough Duntil16. 2019· 咸寧Harry Potter is _ an interesting novel _ I want to read it again.I agree with you.A. so; that Btoo; toCsuch; that Das; as17. Li Na is _ famous _ all the tennis fans in China know her.A. too; to B. enough; to C. as; as D. so; that18.Bill, please turn down the m