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1、形容詞比較級和最高級變化規(guī)則形容詞級的變化規(guī)律和級的用法:一、形容詞級的變化:1、規(guī)律變化:單音詞的變化:(四條)一般情況:+er( 比較級 ) +est( 最高級 )eg :quiet-quieter-the quietestbright-brighter-the brightest明亮 / 聰明的dear-dearest-the dearestclever-cleverer-the cleverest詞末為-e (不發(fā)音)+ r -+steg:fine-finer-the finest nice-nicer-the nicestcute-cuter-the cutestclose-clos

2、er-the closestwhite-whiter-the whitest large-larger-the largest free-freer-freest(特殊 )重讀閉音節(jié),末尾只有一個輔音字母的:雙寫輔音字母+er- 雙寫輔音字母+esteg:hot-hotter-the hottest big -bigger-the biggest red-redder-the reddestwet-wetter-the wettestsad-sadder-the saddestfat-fatter-the fattestthin-thinner-the thinnest fit-fitter-

3、fittest少數(shù)以輔音字母+y 結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)原根詞:變 y 為 i+er 變 y 為 i+est形容詞和副詞用法比較形容詞和副詞形容詞和副詞在語法結(jié)構(gòu)中主要用于比較級和最高級。形 容詞和副詞的構(gòu)成形式基本上一樣,它們的形式與單音節(jié)、雙音節(jié)和多 音節(jié)有關(guān),當(dāng)然還有其特殊形式。形容詞和副詞比較級的基本用法分為 同級比較、比較級和最高級三種形式。但這三種形式都有它們特殊的表 達方式以及它們的慣用法。對以下要點大家須一一掌握。第一節(jié)形容詞比較級和最高級的形式 一、形容詞比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成形容詞的比較級和最高級變化形式規(guī)則如下構(gòu)成法原級比較級最高級 一般單音節(jié)詞末尾力口er 和 est strong

4、 stronger strongest 單音節(jié)詞如果以 e結(jié)尾,只加 r和 st strange stranger strangest閉音節(jié)單音節(jié)詞如末尾只有一個輔音字母,須先雙寫這個輔音字母,再加 er和 est sadbighot sadderbiggerhotter saddestbiggesthottest 少數(shù)以 y,er(或 ure), ow, ble結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞,末尾加 er和 est(以y結(jié)尾的詞,如 y前是輔音字母,把y變成i ,再加 er和 est ,以 e結(jié)尾的詞仍只力口 r 和 st) angry clevernarrownoble angrier cleverern

5、arrowernobler angrest cleverest narrowest noblestmore 其他雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)詞都在前面加單詞more和most differentdifferent mostdifferent1) The most high Amountain in Bthe world is Mount Everest , which is situated Cin Nepal and istwenty nine thousand one hundred and fourty one feet high D2) This house is spaciouser A than

6、 that Bwhite ConeI bought in Rapid City , South DakotaD last year.3) Research in the socialA sciences often proves difficulterBthan similarCwork in the physicalDsciences.二、形容詞比較級或最高級的特殊形式:1 .三個或三個以上音節(jié)的形容詞只能加 more和most只能說 more beautiful而不育長說 beautifuller; 只能說 the mostbeautiful 而不能說 beautifullest 。但是,

7、以形容前綴un結(jié)尾的三音節(jié)形容詞不適合上述情況,如unhappy,untidy , 我們可以說: unhappierfunhappiest, untidier - untidiest2 .由ING分詞和ED分詞演變過來的形容詞(包括不規(guī)則動詞如knowf known)只能加more或most來表示它們的比較級和最高級more(most) striking, more(most) interesting, more(most) wounded, more(most)worn 等。4) The drawingsAof the old mastersBare among thetreasuredes

8、tCworks in museumsD.3.英語里有些形容詞由于其詞義而不可能有比較級形式absolute fatal main right universalchief final naked simulta- utterentire foremost perfect neous vitaleternal inevitable possible sufficient wholeexcellent infinite primary supreme wooden三、不規(guī)則形容詞的比較級和最高級形式goodwellbetter bestbad川worseworstmanymuch more mos

9、tlittlefew less leastfar fartherfarthestfurtherfurthest5) African elephants are larger , fiercer , and difficulter A to tame BthanCAsian elephants D.6) Sarah Hale becameAone of the famousest Bmagazine C editors in the United States duringDthe 1800' s.7) Of allAthe Native American tribesB, the Sh

10、awneeIndians wereCa most Dtransient.四、例題解析1) A錯。應(yīng)將“ most high”改為highest。這是在考形容詞比較級的構(gòu) 成形式。2) A 錯。改為 more spacious 。3) B 錯。 改為 more difficult 。4) C錯。treasured 在本句中是 ED分詞(動詞treasure +ed)作形 容詞使用,是“寶貴的、珍貴的”意思,修飾名詞 works(作品),其最 高級形式應(yīng)用the most treasured 。5) A 錯,改為 more difficult 。6) B錯。改為“the most famous :

11、 因為famous(著名的)是雙音節(jié), 其最高級變化應(yīng)在前面加“ the most ”。7) D錯。應(yīng)改為"the most ”,因為此處表示的是最高級," the most transient ”意為“(延續(xù)時間)最短暫的”。第二節(jié)副詞比較級和最高級的形式副詞比較級和最高級的變化形式與形容詞基本上一樣 一般副詞hardfharder fhardestfast ffaster ffastest late flater flatest early fearlierfearliest特殊副詞well fbetter fbestmuch fmore fmostbadly fwor

12、se fworstlittle -less -least但是,開放類副詞即以后綴ly結(jié)尾的副詞不能像形容詞那樣加er或est ,如quickly fmore quickly fmost quickly quietly fmore quietly - most quietly注:early中的ly不是后綴,故可以把 y變i再加 er和 est第三節(jié)形容詞與副詞比較級和最高級的基本用法一、原級比較的基本用法1.原級比較由“ as+形容詞或副詞(或再加名詞或短語)+as ”構(gòu)成 “原級相同”比較旬,表示兩者比較;其否定式,即“程度不及”比較句型為“not so(as)+形容詞或副詞+ as”,而且a

13、sas結(jié)構(gòu)前可用just, almost, nearly, quite 等表示程度的詞修飾1) Walking briskly for thirty minutes will burn as many calories as .Ato run for fifteen minutesBrunning for fifteen minutesCyou run for fifteen minutesD fifteen minute walking2) The gorilla(大猩猩),while A not quite as curious than B the chimpanzee(黑猩猩), sh

14、ows more persistenceC and memoryretention( 記憶力)in solving D a problem.3) Alaska is twice Aas larger BasCthe next largestDstate , Texas.2. “as (so) +名詞+ as +名詞”進行名詞比較,這時一般情況下有一 個表示原級的比較詞,但如果第一名詞前出現(xiàn)了形容詞修飾該詞或出現(xiàn) 副詞修飾謂語,應(yīng)當(dāng)用so而不用as4) Thomas Jefferson ' s achievements as an architect rival his contribu

15、tions a politician.A suchBmoreCasDthan5) I should say Henry is not much a writer as a reporter. (88年考題)A thatBsoCthisDas二、比較級1.比較級由“形容詞(副詞)比較級+ than+,”構(gòu)成表示在兩者中間 一方比另一方“更加”。連詞than后可接句子,也可接名詞、代詞、 名詞短語、介詞短語、動詞、動詞不定式、ING結(jié)構(gòu)和 ED結(jié)構(gòu),有時也可省去than o6) Natural mica(云母)of Aa superior Bquality is cheapest Cto obta

16、in than synthetic Dmica.7) She is older than .A any other girl in the groupBany girl in the groupCall girls in the groupD you and me as well as the group8) Josephine McCrackin joinedA the ”Santa Cruz Sentinel ”in 1905 and, until her death fifteen years late B , remainedCactive in journalistic Dwork.

17、2.注意than前后兩項相比較的人或事物要一致9) The purpose of the research had a more important meaning for them than .AoursBwith usCfor ours it hadD it did for us10) Sound travels air.Afaster through water than through Bfaster than through water andCthrough water faster andDwhere it is faster through water than through

18、11) Gerbrand von den Feckhout , one of Rembrand ' s pupils , followedAthe style of his teacher so implicitly that Bhis paintingsCare sometimes confused with his master D.三、最高級1.最高級用于三者以上比較,形容詞的結(jié)構(gòu)形式是“定冠詞+形容詞最 高級+名詞+表示范圍的短語或從句”(如all, of all, of the tree,in the world, that has ever taken place等)12)

19、 The more A fearsome of all the B animals inCtheWestern DHemisphere is the grizzly bear.13) Of all economicAproblems , inflation continues to beBa Cmost significant in its daily impact on Dpeople andbusiness.14) , the most familiar to general public is the criminal jurisdiction. A All the activities

20、 B The activities C Of all the activities D It is the activities2. 副詞的最高級與形容詞最高級的區(qū)別在于最高級前沒有定冠詞the四、例題解析1) B 為正確答案。2) B 錯。改為as ,和前面的as 和形容詞原形curious 一起構(gòu)成同程度比較。3) B 錯。 改為 as large 。4) C 對。動詞rival( 勝過、匹敵) 前后是兩個相比較的成分achievements( 成果 ) 和 contributions( 貢獻 ),由于前面的名詞后出現(xiàn)了短語as an architect ,故空白處也應(yīng)用as,使前后對比成

21、分一致。5) B 為正確答案。6) C錯。應(yīng)改為比較級cheaper。比較級后并不一定跟接連詞than,有時在其間有名詞或名詞短語( 被形容詞所修飾),介詞短語,不定式或其他成分隔開。7) A為正確答案。" She'作為單個不能跟全組比(C和D不對),也不能 跟全組所有相比,因為“她”也是其中一員,自然“她”不能跟自己相比。這里"She'比較的是“這組中的任何一個",所以 A對。8) B 錯。應(yīng)改為比較級later ,因此處實為與1905年相比晚15年,故應(yīng)使用比較級。9) D 為正確答案。10) A 為正確答案。11) D 錯。改為his mas

22、ter s。12) A 錯。改為most。13) C 錯。改為the, significant 是多音節(jié)形容詞,在此處應(yīng)用最高級形式(在前面加the most),注意句中的“ of all”。14) C為正確答案。本旬空白處缺狀語,A和B全為名詞短語,不符合條件; D 為句子,和空白后面的句子沒有任何聯(lián)系,故亦應(yīng)排除。只有C正確,和后面的最高級the most familiar 前后呼應(yīng)。第四節(jié) 形容詞和副詞的特殊表達法-、形容詞與副詞的同級比較: 由“as(so)爾”引出,其否定式為“not so”或“not asas”,考生還應(yīng)注意下列含有“ as”結(jié)構(gòu)或短語的句子他是個孩子,必須被當(dāng)就是

23、價格再貴一倍,他幾乎全部承認(rèn)了。我在六行中發(fā)現(xiàn)了六個錯。1. as such :表示上文所指明的事或人He is a child,and must be treated as such.作孩子對待。2. as much : 表示 “與同量”Take as much as you like. 拿多少都行。I would gladly have paid twice as much for it.我也會愿意把它買下的。He as much as admitted the whole story.3. as many : 表示 “與一樣多”I found six mistakes in as man

24、y lines.二、表示“幾倍于”的比較級:用 twice (兩倍),four times (四倍), ten times ( 十倍)加上asas 結(jié)構(gòu)This one is four times as big as that one.這個是那個的四倍大。(這個比刃B個大三倍。 )/ Our campusis three times as large as yours. 我們的校園比你們的大兩倍。/ Hehas books twice as manyas she does.他的書比她多一倍。1) The five year deal obligatesAthe country to buy n

25、inemillion tons Bof grain a year C, three million more asD the old pact ' s minimum.三、“the same +名詞+ as”表示同等比較2) The lens of a camera performs the lens of the eye.Ain the same functionBthe same function asCthe function is the same as Dand has the samefunction3) The elimination of inflation would

26、 ensure that the amount of money used in repaying a loan would have as the amount of money borrowed.A as the same value Bthe same value四、比較級前可用a little,C value as the same Dthe value is the samea bit, slightly, a great deal, a lot,many,表示程度或更進一步much等詞語表示不定量,far, completely,still4) There are now meth

27、ods for studying color vision in infants than there once were.A more sophisticated than B much more sophisticated C much sophisticated D sophisticated5) The photographs of Mars taken by satellite are than those taken from the Earth. A clearest B the clearest C much clearer D more clearer6) Common po

28、rpoises( 海豚 ) are usually not considered A migratory , although B some do move C to more warmer D waters in winter.兼有兩種形式的副詞1) close 與 closelyclose 意思是 "近 "; closely 意思是 "仔細地 "He is sitting close to me.Watch him closely.2) late 與 latelylate 意思是 "晚 "; lately 意思是 "最近 "You have come too late.What have you been doing lately3) deep 與 deeplydeep 意思是 "深 ",表示空間深度;deeply 時常表示感情上的深度,"深深地 "He pushed the stick deep into the mud.Even father was deeply moved b

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