初二英語下冊各單元語法點匯總

1、Unit 1 What' s the matter?一、詢問某人的健康問運及遭到麻煩的表達方法(1)詢問某人患了何種疾病或遇到了何種麻煩時，常用以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu)來表達：What' s the matter (with sb). )?(某人)怎么了 ？What' s wrong (with sb. )?(某人)怎么了 ？What' s the trouble (with sb. )?(某人)出什么事了 ？What happened (to sb )?(某人)發(fā)生了什么事？Are you OK?你沒事吧？Is there anything wrong with sb.某

2、人有什么事嗎？(2度表達身體疼痛或不舒服，可用以下結(jié)構(gòu)：某人+have/has+病癥.The twins have colds 雙胞胎感冒了。某人+have/has+a+headache/toothache/stomachache/backache/earache.She had a stomachache last nig ht她昨晚肚子痛。某人 +have/has+a+sore+發(fā)病部位. He has a sore throat 他喉嚨痛。某人+hurt(s)+身體部位或反身代詞.He hurt his leg他的腿受傷了。某部位+hurt(s).My head hurts badly我

3、頭痛得厲害。某人 +have/has+a pain+in one' s+身體部位， I have a pain in my chest 我胸口痛。© (There is)something wrong with one s+身體部位.There is something wrong with my right eye. 我的右眼有毛病。其他表達方式She has a heart trouble 她有心臟病。He got hit on the head他頭部受到了撞擊She cut her finger 她割破手指了。二情態(tài)動詞should的用法1 . Should為情態(tài)動詞，

4、意為“應(yīng)該；應(yīng)當"，否定式為shouldn' t,其后接動詞 原形，無人稱和數(shù)的變化。常用來表示征詢意見、建議、勸告、要求或義務(wù)等。You should drink hot water with honey.你應(yīng)該喝加有蜂蜜的開水。He should put his head backffc應(yīng)該把頭后仰。We should try our best to help him我們應(yīng)當盡力去幫助他。You shouldn' t watch TV.你不應(yīng)該看電視。2 . Should用于主語為第一人稱的疑問句，表示征詢意 見。 Should I put some medici

5、ne on it?我應(yīng)當 給它敷上藥 嗎？ Should we tell her about it我們應(yīng)該告訴她這件事嗎？【拓展】在英語中，表示建議的說法有很多，而且都是中考考查的重點。主要結(jié) 構(gòu)有：Would you like (to do) sth. ?你想要/愿意(做)某事嗎？Would you like to play basketball with me你想要和我一起打籃球嗎？Shall I/we do sth 承/我們做 ,好嗎？Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow朝天我們?nèi)游飯@，好嗎？Why not do sth微什么不,呢？Why not join

6、usM什么不加入到我們當中來呢？ How/What about doing sth ?做某事怎么樣？How about going swimming法游泳怎么樣？Let' s do sth讓我們做,吧。Let' s go home.咱們回家吧。You' d better (not) do sth你最好(不)要做某事。You' d better not go there alone 你最好不要一個人去那兒。Unit 2 I'll help clean up the city parks動詞不定式A.作主語一一為避免句子的頭重腳輕，常用it作為形式主語，而真

7、正的主語動詞不 定 式 后 置。常 用 句 型：It +be+adj./n.+(for/of sb.) to do sth./It takes sb. some time to do sth.B.作兵語動I1司want, decide, hope, ask, agree, choose, learn, plan, need, teach, pre pareS 動詞不定 式作賓語。C.作(后置)定語常用于 “have/has+ sth. + to do” 或 “ enough+名 + to do”“It' s time to do sth.” 等結(jié)構(gòu)中。D.作賓語補足語tell, ask

8、, want, invite, teach, like, ca除可接帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語，構(gòu)成 tell/ask/want /call/invite sb. to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)?！咀⒁狻縿釉~不定式作使役動詞和感官動詞的賓語補足語時應(yīng)省去to： “一感(feel), 二聽(listen to, hear) 三讓(let, make, have, 四看(look at, see, watch, notice) 半幫助(help)”。E.動詞不定式作狀語主要用來修飾動詞，表示目的，結(jié)果或原因。為了強調(diào)目的，有時可以把動詞不定式放在句首，或在不定式前加in order (to)或so

9、as (to) “為了，目的是"。常用結(jié)構(gòu)有 too + adj./adv. + to do sth.等。F.固定句式中動詞不定式的用法常見的形式有：had better (not) do sth./Would you like to do sth.?/Why not do sth.?/Would you please ( not) do sth.得。Unit 3 Could you please clean your roomCould you please.?型(1)請求別人時通常用此句型，也可以說：Can youplease?態(tài)動詞could或can在這里均表示請求，在意思上無

10、區(qū)別，但是用could在于其上顯得更委婉、客氣、誠懇。在日常生活中常使用 could you/I？若在句末加上please則顯得更禮貌。Could you help me find my book,please?能幫我找到我的書嗎？(2)對could you/I？的問句作出肯定回答，常用“ sure/certainly/of course”等； 如果作否定回答，常用“ sorry或oh,please don t"。一般不用no開頭，用no顯 得語氣生硬、不禮貌。(3)表示請求的句式：Would you like to do.? Would you mind doing.? Let s

11、 do. Shall I/we do.?Please do.祈使句前加 please)提示：could you please.與could I Please.兩種問句，前者是請求別人幫忙的句式，后者是有禮貌地向別人請求允許的交際用語。試比較：Could you please help me?你幫我一下好嗎？Could I please invite my friends to my birthday party,Mom刎媽， 我能邀請我的朋友 參加我的生日聚會嗎？Unit 4 Why don't you talk to your parents?1 .提建議向別人發(fā)出邀請，請求，建議，

12、或征求某人的意見的其他表達方式：How /what about doing sth.? (about是個介詞，可跟名詞或動名詞)“怎么樣？ ”You' d better (not) do something. “你最好(不)做某事”Would you like sth ？： “你想要某物 Let? s do sth？What should I do？( should表示請求、征詢對方意見 )2 .學會談?wù)搯栴}和學會用 why don't you提建議向別人發(fā)出邀請，請求，建議， 或征求某人的意見的表達方式：Why don? t you do something? =Why no

13、t do something?你為什么不做某事呢?來表示請求、征詢對方意見3 . until, so that although引導(dǎo)的狀語從句：1)until：在帶有till或until引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含義是“一直到時”，謂語動詞只能用延續(xù)性動詞。如果主句用否定式，其含義是 “直到才”，”在以前不”，謂語動詞可用瞬間動詞。Don?t get off until the bus stops.2) so that引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句(為了，以便)例如：He studies hard so that he could work better in the future3) al

14、though的用法意思相當于though (盡管，雖然)，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。引導(dǎo) 的從句不能與并列連詞 but, and, so等連用，但可以和yet, still等詞連用。例如：Although he was tired, he went on working管他很累，但是他繼續(xù)工作。Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came過去進行時1 .基本概念：過去進行時表示在過去某一時刻或一段時間內(nèi)正在進行的 動作。這一特定的過去時間除有上下文暗示以外，一般用時間狀語來表示。2 .結(jié)構(gòu) was / were ( not ) + 動詞-ing3

15、 .句式肯定式：I/He/She/It was working. We/You/They/ were working.否定式：I/He/She/It was not working.We/You/They/ were not working.疑問式和簡略回答：Was I working? Yes, you were. No, you were not. Were you working? Yes, I was. No, I w as not. Was he/she/it working? Yes, he/she/it was. No, he/she/it was not. Were we/yo

16、u /they working? Yes, you/we/they were. No, you/we/they were not.注： 1） was not常縮略為 wasn' t; were not ?？s略為 weren' t。2） 一般過去時與過去進行時用法的比較：一般過去時表示在過去某個時間發(fā)生過的動作或存在的狀態(tài),而過去進行時則表示在過去某一時刻或某一段時間正在進 行的動作。例如：David wrote a letter to his friend last night.大衛(wèi)昨晚給他的朋友寫了封信。（信寫完了。）David was writing a letter to

17、 his friend last night.大衛(wèi)昨晚直在給他的朋友寫信。（信不一定寫完。）4.過去進行時中的 when和while when, while 區(qū)別：1）由when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，主句用過去進行時，從句應(yīng)用一般過去時；由while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，主句用一般過去時，從句應(yīng)用過去進行時。When the teacher came in, we were talking.當此句改變主從句的位置時，則為： While we were talking, the teacher came in.2）如果從句和主句的動作同時發(fā)生，兩句都用過去進行時的時候，多用while引導(dǎo)。如：The

18、y were singing while we were dancing.Unit 6 An old man tried to move the mountains1. unless引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句 unless = if not 除非，若不They will go tomorrow unless it rains.=They will go tomorrow if it doesn ' t rains.2. as soon asH導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。 就He will come and see you as soon as he can.3. sothatlH導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句句型1:主語+

19、謂語+so+形容詞/副詞+that從句The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward.句型2： so +形容詞+ a/an +單數(shù)名詞+ that從句It was so hot a day that they all went swimming.句型3. so + many/ few +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ that從句He has so few friends that he often feels lonely.句型4： so +much/ little +不可數(shù)名詞+ that從句I had so little money that

20、 I couldn' t buy a pen.Unit 7 What' s the highest mountain in the world?形容詞副詞的原級、比較級和最高級（一）原級句型：1 . A is as+M級 + as+ B 表示 A 與 B 一樣eg: He is as tall as me.2 .A is not as/so + 原級 + as B 表示 A 不如 B - eg:He is not as tall as me.3 .只能修飾原級的詞，very, quite, so, too, so, enough, pretty例如，He is too tire

21、d to walk on他太累了以至于不能再繼續(xù)走了。（二）比較級句型可以修飾比較級的詞，much, a lot, far,的多a little, a bit, 點兒 even甚至，still仍然Eg. Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two.課比第二課容易彳導(dǎo)多。Tom looks even younger than befor麗姆甚至比以前更年輕。1 .當句中有than時則用比較級。 eg： He is fatter than me.2 .當句子中的比較對象為兩者時用比較級：“特殊疑問詞+be+形容詞比較級，A or B? ”eg: Which

22、is bigger the earth or the moon? 哪一個大，地球還是月球？3 .“比較級+and+比較級”表示“越來越”。eg.The flowers are more and more beautif或;兒越來越漂亮。加more構(gòu)成比較級的形容詞則用 more and more +形容詞表示越來越eg: English is more and more important.4 . “the+比較級，the+比較級”表示“越，越”。Eg. The more careful you are the fewer mistakes you ll make.5 . “A+be+the+

23、形容詞比較級+of the two+ ”表示"A是兩者中較的”。Eg.Look at the two boys. My brother is the taller of the two.6 .A+be+形容詞比較級+than+any other+單數(shù)名詞（+介詞短語）” 表示“A比同一 范圍的任何一個人/物都' 含義是“ A最”。Eg. The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.=The Yangtze River is the longest river in China.（三）最高級常用句型結(jié)構(gòu)1

24、.“主語+be+the+形容詞最高級+單數(shù)名詞+Mof短語”表示“是中最的”。eg： Tom is the tallest in his class./of all the students.This apple is the biggest of the five.2 .“主語+be+one of the+形容詞最高級+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+in/of短語”表示“是中最之一”。Eg: Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.3. “特殊疑問詞+be+the+最高級+A , B, or C? ”用于三者以上eg Which is the biggest?

25、 The moon,the sun or ths earth?4. “the +序數(shù)詞+最高級+單數(shù)名詞+范圍”。表示是第幾大（）eg: The Yellow River is the second longest river in China .【注意】形容詞最高級之前要加the,但當最高級之前有形容詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格時則不用加theeg: He is the best student in my class. He is my best friend.（四）形容詞副詞的規(guī)則與不規(guī)則變化規(guī)則變化1 .一般在詞尾直接加 er 或 est,例如，tall-taller-tallest, l

26、ong-longer-longest2 .以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的單詞在詞尾直接加r或st,例如，nice-nicer-nicest3 .以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞，把y變?yōu)閕,再加er或est,例如，heavy-heavier-heaviest4 .重讀閉音節(jié)，末尾只有一個輔音字母，雙寫這個輔音字母，再加 er或est,eg. big-bigger-biggest5 .部分雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞分別在原級前加more構(gòu)成比較級和most構(gòu)成最高級,例如，slowly-more slowly-most slowly; beautiful- more beautiful-most beautiful不規(guī)則

27、變化原級比較級最高級good/wellbetterbestbad/badly/illworseworstmany/mucmoremosthlittlelessleastfarfartherfarthestfurtherfurthestoldolderOldest（無血緣關(guān)系的）eldereldest （有血緣關(guān)系）Unit 8 Have you readTreasure Islan（yet?Unit 9 Have you ever been to a museum?現(xiàn)在完成時（Present Perfect Tense）（1）表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。It'

28、s so dark.太黑了。 Someone has turned off the light 有人把燈關(guān)上了。（2）表示從過去某一時間開始弁一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。常與since+過去的時間點，for+ 一段時間，since+時間段+ego, so far等時間狀語連 用。Eg. I have lived here for ten year我已經(jīng)住在這里 10年了。（從10年前開始，持續(xù) 到現(xiàn)在還住這兒）Eg. I have lived here since 2003自從2003年我就住在這兒。（從2003年開始，持續(xù) 到現(xiàn)在還住這兒）（3）基本結(jié)構(gòu)及句型轉(zhuǎn)換：主語 +have/has+

29、過去分詞（done）（當主語是第三人稱 單數(shù)has其余人稱用have。）肯定句： 主語 +have/has+過去分詞 +其他 I have finished my homework.借定句)否定句：主語+have/has+not+過去分詞+其他 I have not finished my homework.(否定句)一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+過去分詞+其他 Have you finished your homework?Yes, I have. / No, I haven' t,(一般疑問句及肯定、否定回答)(4) has gone (to), has been (to),

30、 has been (的區(qū)另fjHave/Has gone(to)去了(現(xiàn)在不在說話現(xiàn)場)Eg. -Where is your fathei?一He has gone to Shanghai.Have/Has been (to):去過(已不在去過的地方)Eg. My father has been to Shanghai.Have/has been in：呆了多久(還在所呆的地方)Eg. My father has been in Shanghai for two months. =My father has been in Shanghai si nce two months ago.(5)

31、現(xiàn)在完成時的標志：常與just, already, yet, ever, never, before, so fOr連用，強調(diào)動作的完成，不強調(diào) 動作的持續(xù)。Have you ever been to Japan? I have just finished my homework.for +時間段；since +過去的時間點；since +段時間ago； since +一般過去時的 句子。They have known each other for five years. Since he was a child, he has lived in England. (6)動詞過去式和過去分詞的變化規(guī)則變化：1.一般在動詞詞尾直接加ed。如：pick f picked f picked; wish f wished f wished; stayf stayed stayed2 .以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動詞后面加d。如：like f liked f liked; hope f hoped f hoped; phone f phoned f phoned3 .以一輔音字母+ y II結(jié)尾的動詞，變y為i,再加-ed。如：study f studied f studied; hurry f hurried f hurried; reply f replied f