虛擬語氣用法總結(jié)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上虛擬語氣的用法總結(jié)語氣：語氣是動詞的一中形式，它表示說話人對某一行為或事情的看法和態(tài)度。語氣的種類：（1）陳述語氣表示動作或狀態(tài)是現(xiàn)實的，確定的或符合事實的，用于陳述句，疑問句和某些感嘆句。如 We are ready. What a fine day it is!（2）祈使語氣 表示說話人的建議，請求，邀請，命令等。如 Open the door, Please.應(yīng)注意以下幾點：1. 主語通常是第二人稱you，但多不出現(xiàn)，動詞用原形，否定用do not 或者dont 加動詞原形（或be） 如 Be careful next time. Dont smoke here

2、. 2. 有時為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，主語也可以出現(xiàn)，而且可以是第三人稱，謂語動詞不加-s或者-es 如 You be quiet. He stand up.3. 祈使語氣可以用do加強(qiáng)語氣 如 Do come to see this Sunday.4. 在Lets 的祈使句后，疑問部分通常用shall we；在Let us后，疑問部分用will you 如 Lets go out for a walk after supper，shall we? /Let us clean our classroom, will you?5. 祈使句與連詞and連用時相當(dāng)于一個條件句，而and之后則是表示結(jié)果。如 Thi

3、nk hard and you will have a good idea.（3）虛擬語氣 表示動作或狀態(tài)不是客觀存在的事實，而是說話人的主觀愿望，假設(shè)或推測等。如 If I were you, I should study English. 一虛擬語氣在條件從句的用法條件句有兩類，一類是真實條件句；一類是非真實條件句，也就是虛擬條件句。 如果假設(shè)的情況是有可能發(fā)生的，就是真實條件句，謂語要用陳述語氣。如 If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go to the park.如果假設(shè)的情況是過去或現(xiàn)在都不存在的，或?qū)聿淮罂赡馨l(fā)生的，則是虛擬條件句。如 If h

4、e had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 在含有虛擬條件句的復(fù)合句中，主句和從句的謂語都要用虛擬語氣，列表如下：從句（條件句）主句（結(jié)果句）與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)1） 動詞過去式2） Be一般用wereShouldWould +動詞原形CouldMight與過去事實相反的假設(shè)Had +分詞ShouldWould + have+ 過去分詞CouldMight與將來事實相反的假設(shè)或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性很小1）should+ 動詞原形2）were to+動詞原形ShouldWould + 動詞原形CouldMight例如：If he

5、 were here, everything would be all right.If her mother had taken the doctors advice, she would/might have got well earlier.If it were to rain tomorrow, the match would be canceled.有時候省略if，采用局部倒裝語序。把had /should/were 等動詞（不包括行為動詞）移到從句的句首。例如：Were it to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be canceled.Had it

6、 not been for the storm, we would have arrived in time.Should the earth stop running, what would happen?二. 錯綜時間條件句有時條件從句的動作和主句動作發(fā)生的時間不一致，這時需要根據(jù)意思采用表示不同時間的動詞形式來進(jìn)行調(diào)整。If she had taken the doctors advice, she might still be alive.If I were you, I would have accepted their terms.三含蓄條件句1.有時候假設(shè)的情況并不用條件從句表示

7、出來，而是通過介詞短語來表示。如 Without air(If there were no air), there would be no living things. But for your help (If it hadnt been for your help), I couldnt have done it.2. 假設(shè)的條件通過上下文表現(xiàn)出來。I would go abroad for further study but that I am poor.I was ill that day. Otherwise I would have taken part in the party.

8、3. 表示虛擬語氣的主句或從句有時可以省略，但其含義仍可以推知。（1）省去條件從句 You could have washed your clothes yourself. （你本可以自己洗衣服的。）省去了If you had wanted to。（事實是：你自己沒洗衣服，因為你不想洗。）（2）省去主句（常用以表示愿望）If my grandmother were with me! (如果我的祖母和我在一起多好??！)事實是：祖母已不在世。四、虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的應(yīng)用 “wish+賓語從句”表示不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望，漢語可譯為“可惜、悔不該、但愿”。表示現(xiàn)在不能實現(xiàn)的愿望，從句的謂語動詞用過去式

9、；表示將來不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望用“would/could+動詞原形”；表示過去不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望時用“had+過去分詞”。如：I wish I were better-looking. 要是我長得再漂亮些就好了。 I wish I had met the film star just now. 我要是剛才遇到那位電影明星該多好?。?I wish I would be a solider. 我想當(dāng)一名軍人?！究祭縃ow I wish every family a large house with a beautiful garden! (上海 2002春)A. has B. had C. will

10、have D. had had 【答案】B。 在表示建議、要求、愿望、命令、堅持、想法(advise, command, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, require, suggest)等動詞后面的賓語從句，或這些動詞的同源名詞后面所跟的同位語從句或表語從句中，從句謂語用“should+動詞原形”，其中在美國英語中，should常省略。如：The young man insisted that I (should) go with his fellows. 這個年輕人堅持要我同他的同伴們一起去。

11、 The doctor advised that he change his job. 醫(yī)生建議他換工作。【考例】Teachers recommend parents their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety. (福建 2010) A. not allow B. do not allow C. mustnt allow D. couldnt allow 【答案】A。 在would rather后的賓語從句中，謂語常常用過去時來表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼那闆r，用過去完成時表示過去的情況。如： Shall I open the

12、 window? 我可以把窗戶打開嗎? Id rather you didnt. 我覺得還是不要。 【考例】George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but Id rather he more on its culture. (江蘇2010) A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused【答案】B。 在It is +形容詞(important, necessary, good, right, wrong, better, natural, proper, funn

13、y, strange, surprising) +that從句中，謂語動詞的虛擬語氣用“(should)+動詞原形”的結(jié)構(gòu)。如：It is natural that she (should) do so. 很自然她應(yīng)該這樣做。【考例】 Dont you think it necessary that he to Miami but to New York? I agree, but the problem is he has refused to. (江蘇2005)A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; thatC. should not be se

14、nt; what D. should not send; what【答案】B。五、虛擬語氣在狀語從句中的應(yīng)用 1. if only的條件狀語從句中的虛擬語氣if only 與 I wish一樣，也用于表示與事實相反的愿望，其后所接虛擬語氣的時態(tài)與 wish 后所接時態(tài)的情況相同。如： If only the player had had more courage! 這位選手再多有一些勇氣就好了。If only Daisy would go with me! 黛茜要是愿意和我一起去就好了!【考例】Look at the trouble I am in! If only I your advice

15、. (上海 2003春)A. followed B. would follow C. had followed D. should follow 【答案】C。 2. as if (as though)方式狀語從句中的虛擬語氣as if (as though)引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句可用陳述語氣，也可用虛擬語氣。(1) as if 從句用陳述語氣的情況。當(dāng)說話者所述的是真實的或極有可能發(fā)生或存在的事實時。如：It sounds as if it is raining. 聽起來像是在下雨。 (2) as if 從句用虛擬語氣的情況。 當(dāng)說話人認(rèn)為句子所述的是不真實的或極少有可能發(fā)生或存在的情況時。從句虛

16、擬語氣動詞時態(tài)的形式如下： 從句表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反，謂語動詞用一般過去時。如： He talks as if he knew where she was. 他說話的樣子，好像他知道她在哪里似的。 從句表示與過去事實相反，謂語動詞用“had過去分詞”。如： He talks about Rome as if he had been there before. 他說起羅馬來好像他以前去過似的。 從句表示將來發(fā)生的可能性不大，謂語動詞用“would (could, might)動詞原形”。如： It looks as if it might snow. 看起來好像要下雪了。3. 目的狀語從句中的虛擬

17、語氣（1）以in order that, so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中，謂語多用could/might+動詞原形，在口語中常用can/could+動詞原形She took a taxi so that she could get there on time.(2)以lest, for fear that和in case 引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中，謂語動詞多用（should）+動詞原形。She took an umbrella with her lest/for fear that/in case it should rain.六其他形式的虛擬語氣 1. It s time that句型中的虛

18、擬語氣 在It s time that句型中，從句謂語通常用一般過去時或should+動詞原形 (should不能省略)，其意為“(早)該做某事了”。如：Its high time that we were off. 是我們該走的時候了。2.在would/had rather, would(just) as soon, would sooner和 would prefer結(jié)構(gòu)中，也用虛擬語氣。共同特點是：從句中動詞用一般過去時，表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)硪龅氖?；用過去完成時，則表示過去的情況。Id rather you left tomorrow.I would just as soon you had

19、 told me the truth yesterday.I would rather have bought the dictionary. 3. 表示“祝愿”時，常用“may + 主語 + 動詞原形 + 其它”。如：May you have a good journey! 祝你一路順風(fēng)！May your youth last forever! 祝你青春永駐！ 強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練1. more careful, his bus would not have knocked into the tree. A. If the driver were B. Had the driver been C. Should the driver be D. If the driver would have been 2. the football competition, I would have gone to the concert yesterday. A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for 3. Look at the terrible situation you are in! If only you my advice! A. listen to B. would li