物流管理外文翻譯---我國果蔬冷鏈物流現(xiàn)狀

1、大連交通大學(xué)信息工程學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)外文翻譯學(xué)生姓名 專業(yè)班級 物流管理07-3班 指導(dǎo)教師 職 稱 講師 所在單位 管理系物流營銷教研室 教學(xué)部主任 王巖 完成日期 2011 年 04 月 08 日大連交通大學(xué)信息工程學(xué)院2011屆本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）外文翻譯Status of fruit and vegetable cold chain logisticsThe definition of cold chain logistics    Refrigerated cold chain refers to food production, storage, tran

2、sportation, sales, to all the aspects before consumption is always under low temperature to ensure food quality and reduce food losses in a systematic project. It is with the scientific and technological progress, the development of refrigeration technology set up, freezing technology is based, low-

3、temperature refrigeration technology as a means of logistics processes; is in need of special equipment, care delivery processes, time control, transportation, patterns, the cost of logistics cost accounts for a very high proportion of special logistics form. The application of cold chain logistics

4、   Scope of application of cold chain logistics, including: primary agricultural products: vegetables, fruit; meat, poultry, eggs; aquatic products, flowers products. Processed foods: frozen foods, poultry, meat, aquatic products and other packaging of cooked food, ice cream and dairy prod

5、ucts; fast-food raw materials. Special products: drugs. As food cold chain is for the purpose of ensuring the quality of perishable foods to maintain low temperatures required for the core supply chain systems, so it is at room temperature than the requirements of the logistics system, higher and mo

6、re complex, but also much larger capital investment, is a huge project. Because the timeliness requirements of perishable food cold chain organizations of all aspects of coordination with higher, so the food is always cold chain operations and the associated energy costs, effective control of operat

7、ing costs and is closely related to the development of the food cold chain. The significance of the cold chain logistics       As a consumer, whether in the consolidated hypermarkets, supermarkets, or in the traditional farms to buy meat, dairy products, frozen packaged

8、 food requiring temperature control to a series of fresh products, in addition to considering whether a product is genuine, no forgery, counterfeit, and reliable, there are not taken into account how these products distribution from the manufacturer to the retail end? because of the very warm throug

9、hout the supply chain, product quality assurance is very important, no matter how good the product if the transport and storage problems caused by not fresh, it will affect the nutrition and taste changes or small, serious cases will have an impact on physical health, it can be equated and shoddy go

10、ods, but the supply chain behind the majority of consumers are often can not understand.        Chilled and frozen foods require a complete cold chain logistics for temperature control throughout the goods (according to the relevant rules) to ensure food safety; Th

11、is includes loading and unloading the closed environment, storage and transportation, etc., can not be a part of less; complete frozen food supply chain is an essential element in food safety, so cold chain logistics requirements are relatively high, the corresponding investment management and finan

12、cial aspects of logistics than normal room temperature is larger. The status of cold chain logistics in China        According to the Chinese Food Industry Association data show that the cold chain problems caused by China each year about 130 million tons l200 tons

13、 of fruit and vegetable waste, worth 100 billion U.S. dollars. The number of the authenticity of these figures we do not pursue the matter, but because of the government norms on food refrigeration chain logistics required to operate the food is a fact, official statistics are about 80% of the fruit

14、s, vegetables , meat and fish to traditional cars (at room temperature and holding car) for transport. Main cause of this situation are: 1. The quality of services 2. The quality of transport 3. Lack of reliable logistics service providers (especially the large regional and national logistics servic

15、e provider) 4. High cost 5. Transportation and storage infrastructure, inadequate Cold chain logistics in China's development problems in the First, the use of relatively high prices of cold chain logistics business is good. This is an issue of interest and involves the entire value chain partie

16、s. If some vendors want to use a regular car, but the retailer or consumer has not given extra care (no benefit in the retail sector), but with other suppliers the same treatment (as in the receipt by the Executive different standards, can not be strictly enforced, which hit a good brand.) Since the

17、re is no good because a supplier of cold chain logistics and provide additional care, such an action would indirectly encourage suppliers to use non-standard vehicles (motley crew). The suppliers can really do in a few, this is a benefit, not a logistics problem. Some of the biggest obstacles is tha

18、t suppliers want to use the regular car, the retailer has not given extra care. Shanghai stringent requirements of some retailers to use refrigerated trucks, which required the whole of China is the highest.        Second, the Government should further strengthen t

19、he cold chain rule execution. Although there are relevant laws and regulations, but the government pay more attention to logistics than outside the cold chain (such as place of origin, health problems, etc.), but not more check the quality of the cold chain, it is now used throughout the cold chain

20、logistics that enterprises are to establish their own brands, setting standards for the operation of the self-chain logistics, and there is a McDonald's representative, Bright Dairy and other brands. They own the international certification system adopted for the entire cold chain logistics mana

21、gement.        Third, the provision of formal third-party logistics companies cold chain logistics much larger scale, more of a guerrilla siege of the regular forces, some third-party logistics to compete on price with no profit to investment and expansion. "Q

22、uantity" is the king of the logistics operation, if there is not enough, prices will remain high, more potential customers will stop the use of formal services. Fresh Logistics and bright HAVI are based on the distribution of light and McDonald's to develop a third party, if there are no ma

23、jor customers are more difficult development. The improvement of logistics enterprises themselves, how can do to further the services for the enterprise is also a need to upgrade, because after all, is a young industry. Third-party logistics itself but also to reduce costs and expand the scale, as s

24、oon as possible to make it a virtuous circle. This will also need to have a longer-term process of cooperation. Therefore, the relevant government departments need to strengthen the rules of the food supply chain execution and supervision, guide enterprises to the formal development of cold chain lo

25、gistics, and can not rely on companies to brand and self-discipline. Meanwhile third-party logistics also need to actively work and train qualified personnel to develop and grow their own; but some enterprises have put into the larger infrastructure is very advanced, but in management, did not reach

26、 a certain level. In this context, the logistics do HAVI more prominent, and its leading technology and brand management, such as through the Fourth, to manage and optimize resources in society, consistently with the process to manage and help them through the integration of social resources. Manage

27、ment is a key, a nine libraries, well managed, including equipment management and maintenance of vehicles is not the highest level of the vehicle, but its leading management tools such as route optimization, the quality of personnel, the global certification are leading in the industry. Cold storage

28、 building is not a cutting-edge technology, purchase of refrigerated trucks party can invest in, rather than the current year of some more contracts, or large-scale investment will be unlikely. Now the integrity of the two sides yet to be established, which will help long-term cooperation, and more

29、short-term behavior. The lack of long-term strategic cooperation is also constrained the development of a factor in this industry.        Fourth, do not use the concept of total cost, companies pay more attention to unit costs, without considering how the use of qu

30、alified and quality of logistics service providers to reduce the losses of goods, because the consumption of cold chain logistics is considerable. This is currently China's logistics more serious phenomenon. Prospect of cold chain logistics in China        That

31、 do not follow the standard operation, do not, pure price competition, large-scale use at room temperature / heat in the vehicle instead of the phenomenon of cold chain logistics is the status of cold chain logistics. China's cold chain logistics seem to fall into a vicious circle, on the one ha

32、nd the quality of service required, and the other hand, they tend to use cheaper non-formal service providers. Therefore, the relevant government departments need to strengthen the rules of the food supply chain execution and supervision, guide enterprises to the formal development of cold chain log

33、istics, and can not fully rely on the company brand and the self-discipline in order: while the third party logistics also need to actively work and train qualified personnel to development and growth of their own; but there are also large enterprises have invested, the infrastructure is very advanc

34、ed, but in management, did not reach a certain level. In this context, the logistics do HAVI more prominent, and its leading technology and brand management, such as through the Fourth, to manage and optimize resources in society, consistently with the process to manage and help them through the int

35、egration of social resources. Management is a key, a nine libraries, well managed, including equipment management and maintenance of vehicles is not the highest level of the vehicle, but its leading management tools such as route optimization, the quality of personnel, the global certification are l

36、eading in the industry.        Cold storage building is not a cutting-edge technology, purchase of refrigerated trucks is not very expensive, so the lack of infrastructure, so it is not a problem (especially in China, today's surplus funds), the most difficult

37、is the cold chain management talents and the establishment of a good management system. China is still a lack of cold chain management and personnel, after all, the development of modern cold chain logistics in China is still not too long, there is a higher value-added logistics area, the internal t

38、raining up little by little, otherwise it will be a lot of constraints, fourth party logistics management is the output management, is a weight management, asset-light approach. Logistics enterprises introduced by the Government is required to have a standard number of fixed assets, which is mislead

39、ing, it will re-balance, resulting waste of resources.        Although the development of Chinese modern cold chain logistics bottlenecks and a lot of problems, but not all bad news, good news is, the state laws and regulations in this area more and more strict, mo

40、re and more high degree of awareness of the retail terminal requirements for suppliers more and more, are constantly required regular cold chain requirements; this is the result of social development is also key to the development of China cold chain, more important is the development of relations b

41、etween market supply and demand is an important trend. Competition in the product itself, one can guarantee the temperature of the product than the other can not guarantee the temperature of the product more popular by the retailer. In eastern China, on the cold chain were increased awareness and de

42、mand for fast, do it the best in the country, Shanghai is the best of East China, Shanghai consumers have reason to be pleased. So the next time you are shopping as consumers pay more attention when behind the product cold chain logistics, which will indirectly help the industry. 我國果蔬冷鏈物流現(xiàn)狀冷鏈物流的定義 冷

43、鏈物流泛指冷藏冷凍類食品在生產(chǎn)、貯藏運(yùn)輸、銷售，到消費(fèi)前的各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)中始終處于規(guī)定的低溫環(huán)境下，以保證食品質(zhì)量，減少食品損耗的一項(xiàng)系統(tǒng)工程。它是隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的進(jìn)步、制冷技術(shù)的發(fā)展而建立起來的，是以冷凍工藝學(xué)為基礎(chǔ)、以制冷技術(shù)為手段的低溫物流過程；是需要特別裝置，需要注意運(yùn)送過程、時(shí)間掌控、運(yùn)輸型態(tài)、物流成本所占成本比例非常高的特殊物流形式。冷鏈物流的適用范圍 冷鏈物流的適用范圍包括：初級農(nóng)產(chǎn)品：蔬菜、水果；肉、禽、蛋；水產(chǎn)品、花卉產(chǎn)品。加工食品：速凍食品、禽、肉、水產(chǎn)等包裝熟食、冰淇淋和奶制品；快餐原料。特殊商品：藥品。由于食品冷鏈?zhǔn)且员ＷC易腐食品品質(zhì)為目的，以保持低溫環(huán)境為核心要求的供應(yīng)鏈系統(tǒng)

44、，所以它比一般常溫物流系統(tǒng)的要求更高、更復(fù)雜，建設(shè)投資也要大很多，是一個(gè)龐大的系統(tǒng)工程。由于易腐食品的時(shí)效性要求冷鏈各環(huán)節(jié)具有更高的組織協(xié)調(diào)性，所以，食品冷鏈的運(yùn)作始終是和能耗成本相關(guān)聯(lián)的，有效控制運(yùn)作成本與食品冷鏈的發(fā)展密切相關(guān)。冷鏈物流的意義 作為一個(gè)普通消費(fèi)者，無論是在綜合大賣場、超市還是在傳統(tǒng)的菜場購買肉類、乳制品、冷凍的包裝食品等一系列需要溫度控制來保鮮的產(chǎn)品時(shí)，除考慮產(chǎn)品是否是貨真價(jià)實(shí)， 無造假、偽劣和質(zhì)量可靠外， 有沒有考慮到這些產(chǎn)品是如何從生產(chǎn)廠家配送到零售終端的? 因?yàn)榉浅禺a(chǎn)品在整個(gè)供應(yīng)鏈中的質(zhì)量保證是非常重要的，再好的產(chǎn)品如果由于運(yùn)輸和儲(chǔ)存中的問題而造成的不新鮮，會(huì)影響營

45、養(yǎng)和味道變化還是小事，嚴(yán)重的情況會(huì)對身體健康產(chǎn)生影響，故可以等同于偽劣商品， 但是這背后的供應(yīng)鏈往往是廣大的消費(fèi)者所無法了解到的。 冷藏和冷凍食品需要一個(gè)完整的冷鏈物流對貨物進(jìn)行全程的溫度控制（根據(jù)相關(guān)的規(guī)則），以確保食品的安全；這包括裝卸貨物時(shí)的封閉環(huán)境、儲(chǔ)存和運(yùn)輸?shù)鹊龋粋€(gè)環(huán)節(jié)都不能少；完整的冷藏食品供應(yīng)鏈?zhǔn)鞘称钒踩豢苫蛉痹?，因此冷鏈物流的要求比較高，相應(yīng)的管理和資金方面的投入也比普通的常溫物流要大。冷鏈物流在中國的現(xiàn)狀 根據(jù)中國食品工業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)資料顯示，中國由于冷鏈的問題造成每年約有l(wèi)200萬噸水果和13億噸蔬菜的浪費(fèi)，總值在100億美元。這些數(shù)字的真實(shí)性有多少我們暫時(shí)不去追究，但是由于

46、不按照國家有關(guān)食品冷藏冷凍的規(guī)范來操作需要冷鏈物流的食品是一個(gè)事實(shí)，非正式的統(tǒng)計(jì)是約有80左右的水果、蔬菜、肉類和水產(chǎn)以傳統(tǒng)的車廂（常溫和保溫車）進(jìn)行運(yùn)輸。造成這一情況的主要原因有：1服務(wù)的質(zhì)量2運(yùn)輸?shù)馁|(zhì)量3缺乏可靠的物流服務(wù)商（特別是大型區(qū)域和全國范圍的物流服務(wù)提供商）4高費(fèi)用5運(yùn)輸和儲(chǔ)存等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的不足冷鏈物流在中國的發(fā)展中所存在的問題 第一、使用價(jià)格相對較高的冷鏈物流對企業(yè)是否有好處。這是一個(gè)利益的問題，并牽涉到整個(gè)價(jià)值鏈上的各方。如果一些供應(yīng)商想使用正規(guī)的車，但是零售商或消費(fèi)者并沒有因此而給予額外的照顧（沒有在零售上得到好處），而是與其它的供應(yīng)商同等對待（如在收貨時(shí)所執(zhí)行的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不同，無

47、法嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行，從而打擊了好的品牌）。由于并沒有因?yàn)槟硞€(gè)供應(yīng)商提供較好的冷鏈物流而給予額外的照顧，這樣一來就間接地鼓勵(lì)了供應(yīng)商使用非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的車（雜牌軍）。而真正能做到的供應(yīng)商則在少數(shù)，這是一個(gè)利益的問題，而不是一個(gè)物流的問題。最大的阻力在于一些供應(yīng)商也想使用正規(guī)的車，零售商并沒有給予額外的照顧。上海的一些零售商嚴(yán)格要求使用冷藏車，這在整個(gè)中國要求是最高的。 第二、政府應(yīng)該進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)有關(guān)冷鏈規(guī)則的執(zhí)行力。雖然有相關(guān)的法規(guī)，但政府更多地關(guān)注除冷鏈物流以外的地方（如產(chǎn)品的產(chǎn)地、衛(wèi)生問題等），而沒有更多地查冷鏈的質(zhì)量，故目前那些使用全程冷鏈物流的企業(yè)則是為了樹立自己的品牌， 而自定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來運(yùn)作冷鏈物流， 這里面的代表是麥當(dāng)勞、光明乳業(yè)等品牌企業(yè)。他們自己沿用國際的認(rèn)證體系，對全程的冷鏈物流進(jìn)行管理。 第三、正規(guī)的提供第三方冷鏈物流的物流公司規(guī)模大的不多，更多的是游擊隊(duì)圍攻正規(guī)部隊(duì)， 一些第三方物流以價(jià)格來競爭，無利潤來進(jìn)行投資和擴(kuò)大規(guī)模。在“量”就是王的物流運(yùn)作中，如果沒有足夠的量，價(jià)格會(huì)居高不下，便會(huì)制止更多的潛在客戶使用正規(guī)的服務(wù)。光明的領(lǐng)鮮物流和夏暉都是依托光明和麥當(dāng)勞的配送來發(fā)