新托福閱讀的修辭目的題答題技巧

1、新托福閱讀的修辭目的題答題技巧修辭目的題（Rhetorical Purpose Questions ）,為新托福必考題型，每篇文章考0-2題。朗閣海外考試研究中心分析認(rèn)為，它主要考查考生們理解作者為什么在文章中某個(gè)特別位置或者以某種特殊的方式陳述一個(gè)特別的信息。1）有時(shí)要求學(xué)生確定一個(gè)段落與另一個(gè)段落之間的聯(lián)系2） 有時(shí)考查作者提到某一條特別信息的原因（句子之間的聯(lián)系）注意：此類(lèi)題目不考查整篇文章的結(jié)構(gòu)，只考查句子或段落之間的邏輯關(guān)系。問(wèn)題形式The author discusses X in paragraph 2 in order toWhy does the author men ti

2、onX ?The author uses X as an example of 答題技巧修辭目的題一般可分為以下幾類(lèi)：一、例子題例子題一般占修辭目的題出題機(jī)會(huì)的70%,題干中出現(xiàn)的X本身是段落中出現(xiàn)的一個(gè)例子，這類(lèi)題是送分題，因?yàn)橐词窍扰e例子后總結(jié) /概述（理論），要么是先概述（理論）后舉例子，所以答案多半是繞過(guò)例子看概述， 而概述的改寫(xiě)就是本題答案的所在，也就是說(shuō)哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容和概述的內(nèi)容一致就是答案。因此考生也可以用排除法選答案。女口： OG Title: ARTISANS AND INDUSTRIALIZATIONParagraph 4The first gen erati on to

3、 experie nee these cha nges did not adopt the new attitudes easily.The factory clock became the symbol of the new work rules.One mill worker who fin allyquit complained revealingly about“ obedienee to the dingdong of the bell just asthough we are so many livi ng mach in es.With'the loss of pers

4、onal freedom also camethe loss of sta nding in the com munity4. I n paragraph 4, the author in cludes the quotati on from a mill worker in order toOsupport the idea that it was difficult for workers to adjust to work ing in factoriesO to show that workers sometimes quit because of the loud noise mad

5、e by factory mach ineryOargue that clocks did not have a useful function in factoriesOemphasize that factories were most successful whe n workers revealed their complai nts分析：此題中我們根據(jù)mill worker定位，能定位到原文對(duì)應(yīng)內(nèi)容為One mill worker who fin allyquit complained revealingly about“ obedienee to the din-dong of t

6、he bell just asthough we are so many living machines” 繞過(guò)例子讀理論，理論 The first generation toexperieneethese changesdid not adopt the new attitudes easily. The factory clockbecame the symbol of the new work rules."在例子前面，根據(jù)此理論，我們即可以選出正確答案為第一個(gè)選項(xiàng)。如：OG Title: AGGRESSIONParagraph 5The Psychody namic Appr

7、oach. Theorists adopti ng the psychody namic approach holdthat inner conflictsare crucial for understandinghuman behavior , includingTheFreudia n perspective, in a sen se, see us as“ steam enBynesl ding in "rather tha nventing“ steam, " we set the stage for future explosions.Pent-up aggres

8、sive impulsesdema nd outlets. They may be expressed toward pare nts in in direct ways7. Freud describes people as steam engines in order to make the point that peopleOdeliberately build up their aggressi on to make themselves stron gerOusually release aggressi on in explosive waysOmust vent their ag

9、gressi on to preve nt it from buildi ng upOtypically lose their aggressi on if they do not express it.分析：此題中，我們根據(jù)Freud和steam engines定位，原文對(duì)應(yīng)內(nèi)容為 The Freudian perspective,in a sen se, see us assteam en gi nes.繞過(guò)此例子，定位理論，原文中理論By holdi ng inrather tha n venting“ steam, ” we set the stage for future explo

10、sions."在例子之后，根據(jù)此例子，我們可以確定答案為第三個(gè)選項(xiàng)。如：OG Title: EARLY CINEMAParagraph 2These Kin etoscope arcades were modeled on phono graph parlors, which had prove n successful for Edis on several years earlier . In the pho no graphparlors, customersliste ned to record ings through in dividual ear tubes, movi

11、 ng from one mach ine to thenextto hear differentrecorded speeches or pieces of music. The kinetoscopesfunctioned in a similar way2. The author discusses pho no graph parlors in paragraph 2 in order toO expla in Edis on' s finan cial successOdescribe the model used to desig n Kin etoscope parlor

12、sOcon trast their popularity to that of Kin etoscope parlorsOillustrate how much more tech no logically adva need Kin etoscope parlors were分析：此題中，我們根據(jù) pho nograph parlors 定位，原文對(duì)應(yīng)內(nèi)容為 These Kin etoscope arcades were modeled on phono graph parlors, which had prove n successful for Edis on severalyears

13、earlier . In the phono graphparlors, customersliste nedto record ingsthroughin dividual ear tubes, movi ng from one mach ine to the n ext to hear differe nt recordedspeeches or pieces of music. 繞過(guò)此例子，定位理論，原文中理論 The kinetoscopes fun ctio ned in a similar way"在例子之后，根據(jù)此例子，我們可以確定答案為第二個(gè)選項(xiàng)。二、邏輯關(guān)系詞或者態(tài)

14、度類(lèi)詞匯的題在段落中，將某一個(gè)邏輯關(guān)系詞X劃出，題干中 why does the author mentionX?朗閣海外考試研究中心分析認(rèn)為，這種題目的解法主要是關(guān)注邏輯關(guān)系詞或態(tài)度類(lèi)詞所表達(dá)的含義，如：轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：however , but, although, in stead, rather tha n等因果關(guān)系：because, result in, result from, con seque ntly, as a result等遞進(jìn)關(guān)系： furthermore, also, moreover等態(tài)度類(lèi)詞匯： happy, worried, panic, luckily, fortu

15、nately, unfortunately, impatient, curious,an xious, ridiculous, hopeless等如：Unfortun ately,Hubble telescope wasin itially delayed inrelay ing its first pictures backfrom space due to a simple mathematical miscalculati on.Why does the author beg in paragraph 4 with unfortun ately?Olt indicates that NA

16、SA has been unhappy with all of Hubble' s photograph.OIt shows that NASA' s plan to use stars to orient the Hubble telescope was misguidedOIt emphasizes the n eed to have telescopes on the earth.OIt indicates that high expectation were not initially met.分析：此題即考查態(tài)度類(lèi)詞 Unfortunately所表達(dá)的含義。結(jié)合原文內(nèi)

17、容中的“hitially delayed in”說(shuō)明作者用Un fortu nately詞是為了表達(dá)對(duì) Hubble telescope 最初使用時(shí)并未成功的遺憾，因此我們可以確定答案即為第四個(gè)選項(xiàng)。如：OG Title: THE ORIGINS OF CETACEANSParagraph 5An even exciting find was reported in 1994, also from Pakistan. The now extinct whaleAmbulocetus n ata ns ( " the walk ing whale that swam” ) lived

18、in the Tethys Sea 49 millio nyears ago. It lived around 3 millio nyears after Pakicetus but 9 milli on beforeBasilosaurus . The fossil luckily in cludes a good proporti on of the hind legs. The legs werestrong and en ded in long feet very much like those of a moder n pinn iped. The legs were certa inly both functional both on land and at sea.9. Why does the author use the word luckily in men ti oning that theAmbulocetus n ata nsfossi