牛津譯林新高二暑假虛擬語(yǔ)氣專題講解五講與答案word

1、.虛擬語(yǔ)氣#:第 11 頁(yè)英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可有三種不同的語(yǔ)氣：陳述語(yǔ)氣、祈使 語(yǔ)氣和虛擬語(yǔ)氣。1. 陳述語(yǔ)氣：陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)，或提出一個(gè)看法，有 肯定、否定、疑問(wèn)或感嘆等形式。My favorite sport is swimming.Did it rain all day yesterday?What a good boy he is!2. 祈使語(yǔ)氣：表示請(qǐng)求、邀請(qǐng)、命令、警告或勸告 等。Be careful!Dont forget to close the window.Lets go to the park this Sunday.3. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣：表示說(shuō)話人所說(shuō)的話不是事實(shí)，而是 一種假設(shè)、愿望、

2、建議、懷疑或推測(cè)。If I were you, I should study English harder.表假設(shè)I wish every family had a house of their own. 表愿望 The doctor advised that he should take exercise regularly.表建議It is surprising that he should be such a foolish man.他竟然這么愚蠢，真是令人吃驚！表感到意外He cant have arrived, for his car broke down on the way. 他

3、不可能已經(jīng)到了，因?yàn)樗能噳脑诼飞稀Ｍ茰y(cè)第 1 講用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)表示“愿望考點(diǎn) 1. wish 之后的賓語(yǔ)從句中用虛擬語(yǔ)氣hope 后面跟賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，只能用陳述語(yǔ)氣：I hope you will have a good trip there.wish 后面跟從句時(shí)只能用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示“愿望， 與事實(shí)相反。本來(lái)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的，要用成一般過(guò) 去時(shí)；本來(lái)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的，要用成過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 I wish I remembered the address. I wish you had written to him. I wish you would stop asking silly questi

4、ons.If only the alarm clock had rung.要是鬧鐘響了就好了！表示現(xiàn)在的情況，應(yīng)用過(guò)去式； 如果是過(guò)去的情況， 應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。if only 也可用于陳述語(yǔ)氣。If only I had listened to your advice, things wouldnt have gone so wrong.5. 【2019 上海春】Look at the trouble I am in! If only I your advice.A. followedB. would followC. had followed D. should follow1. 【 20

5、19 上 海 】 How I wish every family a6. If only Grandmother now.this together with uslarge house with a beautiful garden!A. hasB. hadC. will haveD. had had2. 【2019 北京】Where are the children? The dinners going to be completely ruined.I wish they always late.A. werentB. hadnt beenC. wouldnt beD. wouldnt

6、have been3. I wish I you yesterday.A. sawB. did seeC. had seenD. were to see4. I didnt go to the party, but I do wish I there.A. wasB. wereC. had beenD. went考點(diǎn) 2. if onlyonly if 表示“只有; if only 那么表示“如果就好 了。I wake up only if the alarm clock rings.只有鬧鐘響了，我才會(huì)醒。A. will seeB. could seeC. must seeD. should

7、 see7. I would get it for you I could remember who last borrowed it.A. on condition thatB. except thatC. if onlyD. considering whether考點(diǎn) 3. Its high/about time thatIt is high/about time that 后 謂 語(yǔ) 用 過(guò) 去 式 或 “should動(dòng)詞原形should 不能省略表示“愿 望，含有抱怨或批評(píng)之意，意為“早就該做某事了。It is time that the government took action.

8、It is about time that the government took action.It is high time that the government took action.It is about high time that the government should takeaction.但 不 可 說(shuō) It is high time that the government take action.因?yàn)?should 不能省略。8. It is high time the child to the hospital.A. is sentB. would be sentC

9、. be sentD. was sent9. Isnt it about time that you to pick up the visitors from New York?A. goneB. should go表示與過(guò)去相反的愿望時(shí)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。Id rather I hadnt said it.我真希望我沒(méi)有這樣說(shuō)過(guò)。12. Shall we go to the movie tonight?C. goD. will goNo, Id rather at home with our baby.10. It is time that the government measures to p

10、rotect the rare birds and animals.A. takesB. tookC. has takenD. taking11. 【2019 遼寧】Jack is a great talker. Its high time that he something instead of just talking.A. will do B. has done C. doD. did考點(diǎn) 4. would rather 后跟從句時(shí)would rather 后接句子時(shí)，句子謂語(yǔ)習(xí)慣上要用 虛擬語(yǔ)氣。表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)相反的愿望時(shí)，從句用一般 過(guò)去時(shí)。Id rather you came n

11、ext Saturday.我寧愿你下星期六來(lái)。Id rather she sat next to me.我寧愿她挨著我坐。Youd better not leave it to the babysitter at night.A. you stayedB. you stayC. stayedD. stay13. Frankly, Id rather you anything about it for the time being.A. doB. dont doC. didnt doD. will not do14. 【 2019 江 蘇 】 George is going to talk ab

12、out the geography of his country, but Id rather he more on its culture.A. focusB. focusedC. would focusD. had focused寫(xiě)作專練 1. 用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)表達(dá)“愿望P. 錯(cuò)誤！未定義書(shū)簽。第 2 講用虛擬條件句表“假設(shè)條件句有兩類，一類是真實(shí)條件句，一類是虛擬 條件句。如果假設(shè)的情況是有可能發(fā)生的，就是真實(shí)條件句。真實(shí)條件句中的謂語(yǔ)用陳述語(yǔ)氣。If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go to the park.如果明天不下雨，我們就去公園。如果假設(shè)

13、的情況是過(guò)去或現(xiàn)在都不存在的，或?qū)?lái)不 大可能發(fā)生的，那么是虛擬條件句。If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 如果他昨天見(jiàn)到你，他會(huì)問(wèn)你這件事的。事實(shí)上他昨天沒(méi)見(jiàn)到你，因此也未能問(wèn)你這件事。虛擬條件句分三種情況：與現(xiàn)在相反，與過(guò)去相反， 與將來(lái)相反。其從句和主句的謂語(yǔ)形式如下：時(shí)間if 條件句主句過(guò)去had donewould /should /could /might have done現(xiàn)在did werewould /should /could /might do將來(lái)should do were to

14、 do did werewould /should/could/might do注：would, should, could 與 might 的選擇：1 一般常用 would，如同在真實(shí)條件句中主句常要用 will 一樣。常譯作“將、就會(huì)。如：If I knew him, I would ask him for help. 假如我認(rèn)識(shí)他的話，我就會(huì)向他求助。2 should 在虛擬條件句中用得最少，如今幾乎不用?？赡苁且?yàn)樵陉愂稣Z(yǔ)氣中第一人稱后面可以用 shall，所以在虛擬 語(yǔ)氣中，理論上講，第一人稱后也可用 should。但在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中，特別是美語(yǔ)中，人們常說(shuō)：Ill go home.或

15、I will go home. 但很少人說(shuō) I shall go home. 因此，在虛擬條件句中，should 也很少用。3 could 用于虛擬條件句中時(shí)，有“可以，可能之意。如：If you had come back a little earlier, you could have seen it yourself.假如你回來(lái)得再稍早一點(diǎn)，你就可能親眼目睹這件事了。4 might 用于虛擬條件句時(shí)，常譯作“或許，表示可能性有，但不敢肯定。如：If I had been there, I might have quarreled with him. 假如我當(dāng)時(shí)在場(chǎng)的話，我或許會(huì)和他吵起來(lái)

16、?？键c(diǎn) 1. 表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反If I knew German, I would read the book in the original.1. If it so hard, wed go to town.A. isnt rainingB. werent rainingC. doesnt rain D. has rain2. If there were no water in the world, everythingA. will dieB. would dieC. would have died D. would have been dead3. Were safer in a tra

17、in than we would be if we any other way.A. traveledB. had traveledC. travelD. have traveled4. Why dont you explain it to her?I it to her if I thought she would understand. A. would explainB. will explainA. should snowB. would snowC. snowD. will snow12. 【 2009 天 津 】 This printer is of good quality. I

18、f it break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.A. would B. shouldC. couldD. might13. The volleyball match would be put off if it tomorrow.A. will rainB. rainsC. rainedD. is rained14. Supposing this ship , do you think there would be enough life jackets for all the passenger

19、s?A. was sinking B. has sunkC. were to sink D. sunk15. today, he would get there by Friday.A. Was he leaving B. If he is leavingC. Were he to leaveD. If he leaves16. 【2019 安徽】Grace doesnt want to move to NewC. explain D. would have explainedYork because she thinks if she there, she5. 【2019 湖南】Sorry,

20、 I am too busy now. If I time, I would certainly go for an outing with you. A. have had B. had hadC. haveD. had考點(diǎn) 2. 表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反You wouldnt have caught a cold if you had put onmore clothes.6. If I you，I to Australia with Mr. Smith.A. had been; would goB. were; had goneC. were; would have goneD. am; wi

21、ll go7. 【2019 湖南】If he my advice, he wouldnt have lost his job.A. followed B. should followC. had followedD. would follow8. 【2019 山東】If we adequate preparations, the conference wouldnt have been so successful.A. havent madeB. wouldnt makeC. didnt makeD. hadnt made9. 【2019 重慶】It rained cats and dogs

22、this morning.Im glad we took an umbrella.Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we .A. hadnt B. haventC. didntD. dont10. 【2019 江蘇】I should not have laughed if I you were serious.A. thoughtB. would thinkC. had thoughtD. have thought考點(diǎn) 3. 表示對(duì)將來(lái)發(fā)生情況的懷疑或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性 很小11. What would we do if it tomorrow?woul

23、dnt be able to see her parents very often.A. livesB. would liveC. has lived D. were to live考點(diǎn) 4. should 有“萬(wàn)一之意 在與現(xiàn)在相反的虛擬條件句中，從句謂語(yǔ)有三種形式，其中一種為“should+動(dòng)詞原形，主要是因?yàn)?should 有“萬(wàn)一之意，表示一件事聽(tīng)起 來(lái)可能性很小，但也不是完全沒(méi)有可能。if 條件從句謂語(yǔ)由 should 加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成時(shí)， 主句謂語(yǔ)有用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的也有不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的。 Ask her to ring me up if you should see her.你萬(wàn)一見(jiàn)到她，

24、請(qǐng)讓她給我打個(gè)電話。should 還 常 用 在 for fear that, in case 以 防 , lest以防等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中。17. He is working hard for fear that he to pass the exam.A. failsB. may failC. should fail D. would fail18. He doesnt dare to leave the house in case .A. he will recognizeB. he should be recognizedC. he is recognizedD. he recogniz

25、e19. The driver looked over the engine carefully lest it on the way.A. breaks downC. would break downB. broke downD. should break down考點(diǎn) 5. 錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句 所謂錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句即條件從句與主句所指時(shí)間不一致，如從句指過(guò)去，而主句卻指的是現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)，此時(shí)應(yīng)根據(jù)具體的語(yǔ)境情況，結(jié)合上 面提到的三種基本類型對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。If they had started in the early morning, they would arrive in hal

26、f an hour.過(guò)去將來(lái); 錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句If they had started in the early morning, they would beA. Was he goingB. If he doesC. Were he to doD. If he is doing28. the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easily.A. Had it not been for B. If it were notC. If it had not been for D. Were it not forhere now.29.

27、any change about the date, please tell me過(guò)去現(xiàn)在; 錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句If they had started in the early morning, they would have arrived. 過(guò)去過(guò)去；不是錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句20. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I in love，at the age of seven，with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.A. wouldnt have fallen

28、B. had not fallenC. should fall D. were to fall21. Had you listened to the doctor, you all right now.A. areB. wereC. would beD. would have beenimmediately.A. Will there be B. Should there beC. There will be D. There should be30. The business is risky. But we would be rich.A. should we succeedB. we s

29、hould succeedC. might we succeedD. would we succeed考點(diǎn) 7. 用 was 還是用 were在當(dāng)代英語(yǔ)中，尤其在口語(yǔ)中，單數(shù)主語(yǔ)常用was 代替虛擬式 were。如：I wish I was ten years younger. 我但愿年輕 10 歲。 在含義上，有時(shí) was 發(fā)生的可能性大于 were。如：He looks as if he was ill. 他像是病了。22. 【 2019 北 京 】 If we a table earlier, we但在倒裝虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)及 if I were you, as it were 中，只couldn

30、t be standing here in a queue. A. have booked B. bookedC. bookD. had booked23. 【2019 天津】If he had spent more time practising speaking English before, he able to speak it much better now.A. will beB. would beC. has beenD. would have been考點(diǎn) 6. if 的省略虛擬條件句中有 were, had, should 時(shí)，可把 if 省略，而把 were, had, s

31、hould 放在主語(yǔ)前，用倒裝 結(jié)構(gòu)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)主要用于書(shū)面語(yǔ)中。如：Were it necessary, I might resign.Should it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off thevisit to the Summer Palace.Were there to be a flood, what should we do?Had I left a little earlier, I would have caught the train.24. 【2019 浙江】 Had they known what was coming next

32、, they second thoughts.A. may haveB. could haveC. must have had D. might have had能用 were。如：Were I ten years younger, I would study abroad.要是我還年輕 10 歲的話，我會(huì)去國(guó)外學(xué)習(xí)。If I were you, I would try my best to grasp the chance.要是我是你的話，我要盡力抓住這次機(jī)會(huì)。as it were“可以說(shuō)，在某種程度上。英語(yǔ)解釋為：as if it were really so。He is, as it w

33、ere, a walking dictionary.他可以說(shuō)是一部活字典。He became, as it were, a man without a country.他在某種程度上成了一個(gè)無(wú)國(guó)籍的人。但在正式文體中仍須用 were。在考試中最好還是用were。考點(diǎn) 8. 根據(jù)主句謂語(yǔ)或從句謂語(yǔ)判斷是否是 虛擬語(yǔ)氣一般情況下，從句和主句要用陳述語(yǔ)氣都用陳 述語(yǔ)氣，要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣都用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如：Would you mind if I opened the window?比較：Do you mind if I smoke?25. what was going to happen, I would

34、never我們可以利用這個(gè)規(guī)律來(lái)幫助我們做題。have left her alone.A. Had I knownB. If I knowC. If I knewD. If had I known26. today, he would get there by Friday.A. Were he to leaveB. If he had leftC. Did he to leaveD. Had he left27. the work, he would do it some other way.注意：should 用在條件從句中表示“萬(wàn)一時(shí)，主句 可用陳述語(yǔ)氣也可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如： If he

35、should come tomorrow, I will/would ask him for help.31. 【 2019 全 國(guó) 】 Im going to Europe on vacation together with John if I find the money.A. canB. mightC. wouldD. need32. Ill have to push the car to the side of the roadbecause we if we leave it here.A. would be fined B. will be finedC. will being f

36、ined D. will have been fined33. If he not ill, I invite him to our party.A. is; wouldB. were; wouldC. were; willD. was; would34. 【2019 新課標(biāo) I 】If we now to protect the environment, well live to regret it.A. hadnt actedB. havent actedC. dont actD. wont act寫(xiě)作專練 2. 虛擬條件句在寫(xiě)作中也很有用P. 錯(cuò)誤！ 未定義書(shū)簽。第 3 講含蓄條件句有些

37、句子中，沒(méi)有任何表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣的詞、短 語(yǔ)或從句，但仍要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 這時(shí)，要么是省略了表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣的部分，要么隱含在上下文之中otherwise 或 in that case或者用介詞替代了常見(jiàn)的 介詞有 with, without , but for。如：Given more time, we could have done it better. Without air we could not live on the earth.But for the storm we would have been there in time.考點(diǎn) 1. butC. wouldnt goD. hadnt

38、 gone考點(diǎn) 3. otherwise7. Im glad I went over all my notes; otherwise .A. I may have failed B. Id failC. Id have failed D. Ill have failed8. Where have you been?I got caught in traffic; otherwise sooner.A. I would be hereB. I have been hereC. I had been hereD. I would have been here9. 【2019 福建】We lost

39、our way in that small village,1. I you a more valuable present for yourotherwise we more places of interestbirthday，but I was short of money at that time.A. would buyB. had boughtC. would have bought D. must have bought2. 【 2019 福 建 】 Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.yesterday.A. vis

40、itedB. had visitedC. would visitD. would have visited考點(diǎn) 4. orI interview.it, but I was busy preparing for a job10. He didnt come yesterday，or you him.A. would seeB. were to seeA. attendedB. had attendedC. would attendD. would have attended3. 【2019 安徽】I to my cousins birthday party last night, but I

41、was not available.A. wentB. had goneC. would goD. would have gone考點(diǎn) 2. without4. Without your help, I so much progress in my studies in such a short time.A. dont makeB. didnt makeC. will not have made D. would not have made5. 【2019 上 海 】 Without the air to hold some of the suns heat, the earth at ni

42、ght ,too cold for us to live.A. would be freezing coldB. will be freezing coldlyC. would be frozen coldD. can freeze coldly6. 【 2019 陜 西 】 I through that bitter period without your generous help.A. couldnt have goneB. didnt goC. might have seenD. had seen11. Sally cant have written to me, or the let

43、ter by now.A. Ill getB. Ill have gotC. Id have gotD. Id get考點(diǎn) 5. but for“要不是12. But for the leadership of our Party and Government，we these splendid results.A. have achievedB. wouldnt have achievedC. should have achieved D. would achieve13. 【2019 江西】 We Johns name on the race list yesterday but for

44、his recent injury.A. will put B. will have putC. would put D. would have put14. 【2009 福建】But for the help of my English teacher, I the first prize in the English Writing Competition.A. would not winB. would not have wonC. would winD. would have won考點(diǎn) 6. if it werent/hadnt been for“如果不是與現(xiàn)在相反，用 if it

45、werent for； 與過(guò)去相反， 用 if it hadnt been for。15. If it were not for the snowy weather, we all right.A. would beB. would have beenC. wereD. may be16. the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easily.A. Had it not been for B. If it were notC. If it had not been for D. Were it not for17. for the

46、traffic jam, I could have covered fifty miles.A. Had it beenB. Had it not beenC. It had not beenD. It not had been18. for your laziness, you could have finished the assignment by now.A. It were not B. Had it not beenC. Werent itD. Had not it been考點(diǎn) 7. even if/even though 參看 P. 錯(cuò)誤！未定義書(shū) 簽?？键c(diǎn) 319. Noth

47、ing could have saved him even if he without delay.A. would be tendedB. was tendedC. has been tendedD. had been tended20. He you more help，even though he was very busy.A. might have given B. might giveC. need have given D. may give假定用作連詞，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，從句可用陳述 語(yǔ)氣，也可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。例：Supposing / Supposethat the weathe

48、r were bad， where would you go？ 假如天氣不好，你去什么地方？Supposing / Suppose that she doesnt come， what should we do？假如她不來(lái)我們?cè)撛趺崔k？注：providing / provided “倘假設(shè)；在的條件 下,用作連詞，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，但從句不用虛 擬語(yǔ)氣。25. Supposing this ship , do you think there would be enough life jackets for all the passengers?A. was sinking B. has sun

49、kC. were to sink D. sunk考點(diǎn) 10. 通過(guò)語(yǔ)義表達(dá)26. You come earlier. The bus left a moment ago.A. wouldB. should haveC. mayD. have27. Ten minutes earlier, they the plane.A. will catchB. would catchC. would have caughtD. will have caught28. Is the patient all right now?Yes. Who that such a serious illness coul

50、d be cured?A. had thoughtB. would have thoughtC. was thinking D. has thought29. 【2019 江蘇】Happy birthday!Thank you! Its the best present I for.21. Even if he problem.here, he could not solve theA. should have wishedB. must have wishedC. may have wishedD. could have wishedA. wasB. wereC. had beenD. ha

51、s been考點(diǎn) 8. as if/ as though參看 P. 錯(cuò)誤！未定義書(shū)簽?？键c(diǎn) 222. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water，it looks as if it .A. breaksB. has brokenC. were broken D. had been broken23. 【2019 北京】Dont handle the vase as if it made of steel.考點(diǎn) 11. 注意辨別是虛擬語(yǔ)氣還是陳述語(yǔ)氣30. 【2019 全國(guó) II 】If the weather had been better, we

52、could have had a picnic. But it all day.A. rained B. rainsC. has rained D. is raining31. Tom would buy that bicycle but he no money.A. had B. hasC. had had D. has had32. If it were not for the fact that you ill, I would ask you to do this right now.A. wereB. had beenC. areD. should beA. isB. wereC.

53、has beenD. had been33. 【 2019 山 東 】 They two free tickets to24. 【1993 年高考】 The two strangers talked as if they friends for years.A. should beB. would beC. have beenD. had been考點(diǎn) 9. supposing/suppose此時(shí)，supposing 和 suppose 都是連詞?！凹偃?、Canada, otherwise theydnever have been able to afford to go.A. had gotB. gotC. have gotD. get寫(xiě)作專練 3. 學(xué)會(huì)熟練使用含蓄條件句P. 錯(cuò)誤！未定 義書(shū)簽。第 4 講用“should動(dòng)詞原形表示“建議或要求考點(diǎn) 1. 用動(dòng)詞及其派生詞來(lái)表示“想讓某人做某事在英語(yǔ)中，在表示命令、建議、要求等語(yǔ)氣時(shí)， 常用“should動(dòng)詞原形，且 should 可以省略。這 幾種情況，可以概括為“想讓某人做某事。The doctor suggested that he should try to lose hisA. would b