五種時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的_一般過(guò)去式_現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行_現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)_一般將來(lái)時(shí)

1、 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) 初中英語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)主要有五種:一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),一一般過(guò)去時(shí)般過(guò)去時(shí),一般將來(lái)時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí),現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí). 1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)： 構(gòu)成構(gòu)成:主要由動(dòng)詞原形表示，但在第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí)要在詞尾加-s 。否定句和疑問(wèn)句要用助動(dòng)詞do, does. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 的標(biāo)志性時(shí)間標(biāo)志性時(shí)間：every( year,otherday ,twodays,week,month) ,often ,always,usually ,sometimes, in the morning,in summer,on Sunday 用法用法3種情況種情況 A. 經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性

2、的動(dòng)作。如The trees get green in spring . 。B現(xiàn)在特征或狀態(tài)。如The Changjiang River is the longest in our country.He doesn t work in the factory .C.普遍真理。如The sun rises in the east . Five and two in seven . 否定形式：否定形式：1.dont+動(dòng)詞原形I dont like it. They dont like it. 2.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí)，則為: doesnt+動(dòng)詞原形He doesnt like it. 一般疑問(wèn)句

3、：一般疑問(wèn)句：把do 或does 放在主語(yǔ)的前面， 后面動(dòng)詞用原形 Do you like it? Does Ann like it?Does he like it ? 2現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： 構(gòu)成：構(gòu)成：句子的結(jié)構(gòu)如下： be am is +動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞的“ing”形式形式 are 標(biāo)志性時(shí)間標(biāo)志性時(shí)間now 用法用法 A,主要表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如： 1. I am listening to the music now. 2. The students are drawing pictures now. 3. Listen! She is singing . 4. Look! Mr Li

4、 is riding a bike. B,有些動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示近期按計(jì)劃計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。這些動(dòng)詞是：go ,come, leave ,start ,arrive , return ,work sleep,stay,play,do,have ,wear.She is coming to see me tomorrow. 其中，動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞的ing形式變化規(guī)則形式變化規(guī)則： A.在動(dòng)詞后直接加在動(dòng)詞后直接加ing: go-going , wash-washing,flyflying B.以單個(gè)元音以單個(gè)元音+單個(gè)輔音單個(gè)輔音+e結(jié)尾結(jié)尾 ， 去掉去掉e加加ing,如如 ：drivedri

5、ving, ride-riding C.某些單詞要雙寫(xiě)詞尾的字母：某些單詞要雙寫(xiě)詞尾的字母：swim- swimming runrunning get-getting3.按要求進(jìn)行句型轉(zhuǎn)換： 1. Look! Lily is dancing.（改為一般疑問(wèn)句） _ 2. Kate is looking for her watch.（改為否定句） _ 3. Mrs White is watching TV.（對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)） _ 4. I am doing homework.（改為否定句） _ 5. They are waiting for you at the library.（就劃線部分提問(wèn)

6、） _ 3 一般將來(lái)時(shí)： 構(gòu)成： will/shall動(dòng)詞原形表示將來(lái)發(fā)生 的動(dòng)作或?qū)?lái)存在的狀態(tài) 表示一種傾向或一種固有特性或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作be going to動(dòng)詞原形標(biāo)識(shí)即將發(fā)生的或最近打算進(jìn)行的事標(biāo)志性時(shí)間標(biāo)志性時(shí)間： tomorrow, next month, in two days, It wont rain tonight . I shall meet you at the station. 適應(yīng)情況適應(yīng)情況：主要表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。He is going to have a swim tomorrow. 特殊情況特殊情況：有些動(dòng)詞如go,come,leave,arrive

7、，start,move等位置移動(dòng)詞可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 一般將來(lái)時(shí)練習(xí):( ) 1. There _ a meeting tomorrow afternoon. A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be( ) 2. Charlie _ here next month. A. isnt working B. doesnt working C. isnt going to working D. wont work( ) 3. He _ very busy this w

8、eek, he _ free next week. A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be( ) 4. There _ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening. A. was B. is going to have C. will have D. is going to be( ) 5. _ you _ free tomorrow? No. I _ free the day after tomorrow. A. Are; going to; will B. Are; g

9、oing to be; will C. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be( ) 6. Mother _ me a nice present on my next birthday. A. will gives B. will give C. gives D. give( ) 7. Shall I buy a cup of tea for you? _. （不，不要。） A. No, you wont. B. No, you arent. C. No, please dont. D. No, please.( ) 8. Whe

10、re is the morning paper? I _ if for you at once. A. get B. am getting C. to get D. will get( ) 9. _ a concert next Saturday? A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are( ) 9. _ a concert next Saturday? A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are( ) 10. If they c

11、ome, we _ a meeting. A. have B. will have C. had D. would have( ) 11. He _ her a beautiful hat on her next birthday. A. gives B. gave C. will giving D. is going to giving( ) 12. He _ to us as soon as he gets there. A. writes B. has written C. will write D. wrote( ) 13. He _ in three days. A. coming

12、back B. came back C. will come back D. is going to coming back( ) 14. If it _ tomorrow, well go roller-skating. A. isnt rain B. wont rain C. doesnt rain D. doesnt fine( ) 15. Will his parents go to see the Terra Cotta Warriors tomorrow? No, _ （不去）. A. they willnt. B. they wont. C. they arent. D. the

13、y dont.( ) 16. Who _ we _ swimming with tomorrow afternoon? A. will; go B. do; go C. will; going D. shall; go( ) 17. We _ the work this way next time. A. do B. will do C. going to do D. will doing( ) 18. Tomorrow he _ a kite in the open air first, and then _ boating in the park. A. will fly; will go

14、 B. will fly; goes C. is going to fly; will goes D. flies; will go( ) 19. The day after tomorrow they _ a volleyball match. A. will watching B. watches C. is watching D. is going to watch( ) 20. There _ a birthday party this Sunday. A. shall be B. will be C. shall going to be D. will going to be( )

15、21. They _ an English evening next Sunday. A. are having B. are going to have C. will having D. is going to have( ) 22. _ you _ free next Sunday? A. Will; are B. Will; be C. Do; be D. Are; be( ) 23. He _ there at ten tomorrow morning. A. will B. is C. will be D. be( ) 24. _ your brother _ a magazine

16、 from the library? A. Are; going to borrow B. Is; going to borrow C. Will; borrows D. Are; going to borrows( ) 25. Shall I come again tomorrow afternoon? _ （好的）. A. Yes, please B. Yes, you will. C. No, please. D. No, you wont.( ) 26. It _ the year of the horse next year. A. is going to be B. is goin

17、g to C. will be D. will is( ) 27. _ open the window? A. Will you please B. Please will you C. You please D. Do you( ) 28. Lets go out to play football, shall we? OK. I _. A. will coming B. be going to come C. come D. am coming( ) 29. It _ us a long time to learn English well. A. takes B. will take C

18、. spends D. will spend( ) 30. The train _ at 11. A. going to arrive B. will be arrive C. is going to D. is arriving答案1. C 2. D 3. D 4.D 5. D 6. B 7. C 8. D 9. B 10. B 11. D 12. C 13. C 14. C 15. B 16. D 17. B 18. A 19. D 20. B 21. B 22. B 23. C 24. B 25. A 26. A 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. D 5.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：

19、 構(gòu)成：構(gòu)成：助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞have/has+過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞(done) 句型：句型： 否定句：主語(yǔ)+have/has+not+過(guò)去分詞+其他. 一般疑問(wèn)句：Have/Has+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+其他. 簡(jiǎn)略答語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)略答語(yǔ): Yes, 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + have/has.(肯定肯定)No, 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + havent/hasnt.(否定否定) 標(biāo)志性時(shí)間標(biāo)志性時(shí)間： since ,for（one year.）, just, already, yet ,in the last five years, before.so far 適應(yīng)的情況適應(yīng)的情況： （1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成

20、）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果的影響或結(jié)果 I have spent all of my money (so far).(含義是含義是:現(xiàn)在我沒(méi)有現(xiàn)在我沒(méi)有錢(qián)花了錢(qián)花了.) Guo zijun has (just/already) come. (含義：郭子君現(xiàn)在在含義：郭子君現(xiàn)在在這兒這兒) My father has gone to work.(含義是含義是:我爸爸現(xiàn)在不在這兒我爸爸現(xiàn)在不在這兒) 。（2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以用來(lái)表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻的）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以用來(lái)表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻的,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作（用行為動(dòng)詞表示）或狀態(tài)（在的動(dòng)作（用行為動(dòng)

21、詞表示）或狀態(tài)（be動(dòng)詞表示）常與動(dòng)詞表示）常與for（+時(shí)間段）時(shí)間段）,since（+時(shí)間點(diǎn)或過(guò)去時(shí)的句子）連用時(shí)間點(diǎn)或過(guò)去時(shí)的句子）連用. Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998. has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的區(qū)別的區(qū)別 Have/Has gone(to) :去了去了(現(xiàn)在不在說(shuō)話現(xiàn)場(chǎng)現(xiàn)在不在說(shuō)話現(xiàn)場(chǎng)) Where is your father？He has gone to Shanghai. Have/Has been (to) :去過(guò)（已不

22、在去過(guò)的地方）去過(guò)（已不在去過(guò)的地方） My father has been to Shanghai. Have/has been in：呆了多久（還在所呆的地：呆了多久（還在所呆的地方）方） My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的含義之一是過(guò)去完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的含義之一是過(guò)去完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響仍有影響,用以下四大標(biāo)志詞可以表達(dá)這種含義用以下四大標(biāo)志詞可以表達(dá)這種含義: * 以以already, just和和yet為標(biāo)志為標(biāo)志 H

23、e has already got her help.他已得到她的幫他已得到她的幫助。助。He has just seen the film.他剛剛看過(guò)這場(chǎng)電影。他剛剛看過(guò)這場(chǎng)電影。He hasnt come back yet.他還沒(méi)有回來(lái)。他還沒(méi)有回來(lái)。 * 以以ever和和never為標(biāo)志為標(biāo)志This is the best film I have ever seen.這是我曾經(jīng)這是我曾經(jīng)看過(guò)的最好的一部電影。看過(guò)的最好的一部電影。He has never been to Beijing.他從沒(méi)有到過(guò)北京。他從沒(méi)有到過(guò)北京。 * 以動(dòng)作發(fā)生的次數(shù)為標(biāo)志以動(dòng)作發(fā)生的次數(shù)為標(biāo)志He says

24、 he has been to the USA three times. 他說(shuō)他已經(jīng)去過(guò)美國(guó)三次了。他說(shuō)他已經(jīng)去過(guò)美國(guó)三次了。 * 以以so far（到目前為止）為標(biāo)（到目前為止）為標(biāo)+before He has got to Beijing so far.到目前為止他已到了到目前為止他已到了北京。北京。 She has passed the examso far.到目前為止到目前為止她已經(jīng)通過(guò)了考試。她已經(jīng)通過(guò)了考試。 2.過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在, 甚至有甚至有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去,我們可以從動(dòng)作我們可以從動(dòng)作“延續(xù)延續(xù)”的的特性和特性和“時(shí)間時(shí)間”點(diǎn)段的區(qū)分入手點(diǎn)段的區(qū)分入手,進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)現(xiàn)進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。在完成時(shí)。 * for+時(shí)段時(shí)段 since+過(guò)去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)過(guò)去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)（過(guò)去（過(guò)去 從句）為標(biāo)志從句）為標(biāo)志 注意：注意： 1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能單獨(dú)與過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能單獨(dú)與過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用語(yǔ)連用, 如如yesterday,last week, three years ago 等等; 2)不能與不能與wh