定語從句(考點(diǎn),真題,練習(xí)及答案)

1、定語從句【考點(diǎn)掃描】 中考對(duì)定語從句的考查主要集中在以下幾個(gè)方面： 1定語從句的功用和結(jié)構(gòu)2關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的功用 3各個(gè)關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的具體用法 考查的主要形式是單項(xiàng)填空、 完型填空、 短文填空和完成句子。 閱讀理解和書面 表達(dá)肯定也要用到定語從句?！久麕熅v】一 . 定語從句的功用和結(jié)構(gòu)在復(fù)合句中， 修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。 被定從句修飾的詞 叫做先行詞。 定語從句必須放在先行詞之后。 引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有關(guān)系代詞 和關(guān)系副詞。例如：This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.Do you know ever

2、ybody who came to the party?I still remember the night when I first came to the village?This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.二 . 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的功用 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞用來引導(dǎo)定于從句， 在先行詞和定語從句之間起紐帶作 用，使二者聯(lián)系起來。 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞又在定語從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。 關(guān)系 待客做主語，賓語，定語，關(guān)系副詞可作狀語。1. 作主語：關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)須 和先行詞一致。例如：I don &

3、#39;t like people who talk much but do little.The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.2. 作賓語：She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.The book that my grandmother gave me is called“The Great Escape”.3. 作定語關(guān)系代詞 whose 在定語從句中作定語用。例如：What's the name of the young

4、 man whose sister is a doctor?The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.4. 作狀語I'll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.This is the house where I was born.三 . 各個(gè)關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的具體用法1. who 指人，在定語從句中作主語。例如：The person who broke the window must pay for it.The boy who is wearing the

5、 black jacket is very clever.2. whom 指人，在定語從句中作賓語。例如：Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gat？eMr Lee (whom) you want to see has come.3. whose 指人，在定語從句中作定語。例如：The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.I know the boy whose father is a professor.4. which 指物，在定語從中作主語或賓語。例如：A dicti

6、onary is a book which gives the meaning of words.Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.5. that多指物，有時(shí)也指人，在定語從句中作主語或賓語。例如：I 've read the newspaper that(which) carries the important news. Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?6. when 指時(shí)間，在定語從句中作狀語。例如：I'll

7、 never forget the time when we worked on the farm.He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.7. where 指地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中作狀語。例如：This is the house where we lived last year.The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.四. 關(guān)系代詞 whom， which 在定語從句中作介詞賓語時(shí)，可以和介詞一起放 于先行詞與定語從句之間，有時(shí)為了關(guān)系緊湊也可以將 whom 與

8、which 與先行詞緊挨著書寫，而將介詞置于定語從句的后面，如：That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the room which we had lived in for ten years.五. 具體使用時(shí)還要注意下列問題：1. 只能使用that,不用which的情況：(1) 先行詞是 all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代詞時(shí)。例 如：All that he said is true.(2) 先行詞被only, no, any, a

9、ll,等詞修飾時(shí)。例如：He is the only foreigner that has been to that place.(3) 先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾的詞。例如：He was the second (person) that told me the secret.(4) 先行詞是形容詞最高級(jí)或被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾的詞。This is the best book (that) I have read this year.(5) 先行詞既包括人又包括物時(shí)。例如：He talked about the people and the things he remembered.2. 只能用

10、which，不用that的情況：(1) 在非限制性定語從中。例如：The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.(2) 定語從句由介詞 +關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)，先行詞是物時(shí)。例如：The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.【中考范例】1. (哈爾濱中考試題 )-Does the teacher know everybody planted the trees?-Yes, he does.A. which B. whose C. where D. who【解析

11、】答案：D。該題考查的是引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的選擇。因?yàn)橄刃?詞是人，而關(guān)系代詞又在定語從句中作主語，所以只有 who 合適。2. （常州市中考試題）The letterI received from him yesterday is very importa nt.A. who B. where C. what D. that【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的選擇。因?yàn)橄刃性~是 物，而關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語，所以只有that合適。3. （揚(yáng)州市中考試題）-Where is the scie ntistgave us the talk yesterday?-He has

12、gone back to Qin ghua Un iversity.A. whom B. who C. whose D. which【解析】答案：B。該題考查的是引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的選擇。因?yàn)橄刃?詞是人，而關(guān)系代詞又在定語從句中作主語，所以只有who合適。4. （益陽市中考試題）I hate peopletalk much but do little.A. whose B. whom C. which D. who【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的選擇。因?yàn)橄刃?詞是人，而關(guān)系代詞又在定語從句中作主語，所以只有who合適?！緷M分演練】一.單項(xiàng)填空1. -Who is

13、the manwas talk ing to our En glish teacher?-Oh! It 'Mr Baker, our maths teacher.A. he B. that C. whom D. which2. I hate the peopledon' t help others when they are in trouble.A. who B. which C. they D. where3. The foreig nervisited our school is from Can ada.A. which B. whe n C. who D. whom4

14、. George Mallory was an En glish school teacherloved climbi ng.A. who B. whom C. he D. which5. This is the placeI have ever visited.A. there B. whe nC. where D. which6. Nobody knows the reas onshe did'come to the meeti ng.A. that B. which C. why D. whe n7. The moon is a worldthere is no life.A.

15、that B. which C. where D. why8. He has forgotte n the dayhe arrived.A. when B. where C. that D. which9. He still remembers the dayshe spe nt with your family.A. when B. where C. that D. on which10. Mr. White,car had bee n stole n, came to the policema n.A. who B. that C. whose D. which11. He got to

16、the villagehis family once lived before liberati on.A. that B. which C. whe n D. where12. This is the houseI want to buy.A. in which B. that C. whose D. where13. This is the houseour beloved Premier Zhou once lived and worked.A. which B. that C. when D. where14. He didn't tell me the place he wa

17、s born.A. that B. which C. when D. where15. He lived in a small village, was a long way from the railway station.A. that B. which C. where D. when 二 . 用關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞將下列每對(duì)句子連成一個(gè)復(fù)合句1. The boy is my younger brother. He was here a minute ago.2. The old man is a professor. He teaches chemistry in a college.3

18、. Beijing Hotel is near Tian An Men Square. The foreign visitors live there.4. The woman is here now. You were talking about her.5. This is the hall. We listened to the report in it the other day.6. The car was going 90 miles an hour. The car just passed us.7. The man waved to us. The man was my unc

19、le.8. I enjoyed reading the book. You gave me a book last week.9. I prefer the subject. The subject is science.10. I spoke to the man. The man is a professor. 三 . 用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞填空1. The house we live in is very big.2. The boy is wearing the black jacket is very clever.3. This is the present he gave m

20、e for my birthday.4. The man talked to you just now is an engineer.5. He talked about the teachers and schools he had visited.6. There is nothing in the world can frighten him.7. She wears a gold ring, is very uncommon in our class.8. We visited a factory makes toys for children.9. Is this the place your father once lived?10. I'll never forget the days I joined the League.【練習(xí)答案】一. 1.B 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.D 6.C 7.C 8.A 9.C