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1、英語四級(jí)閱讀理解練習(xí)題及解析 【閱讀練習(xí)】What is it about Americans and food? We love to eat,but we feel 1 about it afterward. We say we want only the best, but we strangely enjoy&
2、#160;junkfood. Were 2 with health and weight loss but face an unprecedented epidemic of obesity(肥胖). Perhaps the 3 to this ambivalence(矛盾情結(jié)) lies in our history. The firs
3、t Europeans cameto this continent searching for new spices but went in vain. The first cash crop(經(jīng)濟(jì)作物)wasnt eaten but smoked. Then there was Prohibition, intended to proh
4、ibit drinking butactually encouraging more 4 ways of doing it.The immigrant experience, too, has been one of inharmony. Do as Romans do meanseating what “real Americans”
5、eat, but our nations food has come to be 5 by importspizza,say, or hot dogs. And some of the countrys most treasured cooking comes from people whoarrived here i
6、n shackles.Perhaps it should come as no surprise then that food has been a medium for the nationsdefining struggles, whether at the Boston Tea Party or the sit?ins
7、160;at southern lunch counters.It is integral to our concepts of health and even morality whether one refrains from alcohol forreligious reasons or evades meat for political
8、160;6But strong opinions have not brought 7 . Americans are ambivalent about what they putin their mouths. We have become 8 of our foods, especially as we learn more
9、 about what theycontain.The 9 in food is still prosperous in the American consciousness. Its no coincidence, then,that the first Thanksgiving holds the American imagination in
10、 such bondage(束縛). Its whatwe eatand how we 10 it with friends, family, and strangersthat help define America as acommunity today.A. answer I. creativeB. result J. belief
11、C. share K. suspiciousD. guilty L. certaintyE. constant M. obsessedF. defined N. identifyG. vanish O. idealsH. adapted【答案及詳解】1. D feel是一個(gè)系動(dòng)詞,可以判斷此處應(yīng)填入一個(gè)形容詞,通過上下文意思,以及后面介詞about, 可以確定選項(xiàng)為D項(xiàng)guilty, 短語feel guil
12、ty about sth. “對(duì)感到有愧”。全句的意思為“我們很愛吃,但是往往在吃完之后又有負(fù)罪感”。2.M be obsessed with 為固定搭配,原意為“被附上/纏住/迷住心竅”,放在本句表示“十分重視”。全句的意思為“我們很關(guān)心健康和減肥,但肥胖卻又空前地在蔓延”。3. A 本句缺一個(gè)名詞作主語,并且根據(jù)和介詞to的搭配,可以推斷出正確選項(xiàng)answer.4. I本句根據(jù)more和ways可以判斷出需要填入一個(gè)形容詞構(gòu)成比較級(jí),根據(jù)上下文,表示“旨在禁止酗酒的禁酒令,卻激發(fā)了更多新奇的方法來酗酒
13、”,可以 確定I為正確選項(xiàng)。5. F 本題較難。根據(jù)be 和by 確定應(yīng)填入一個(gè)過去分詞。再根據(jù)上下文,上文表示“應(yīng)該吃典型的美國人吃的食物”,下文通過 but 轉(zhuǎn)折,表示實(shí)際上“美國的食物已經(jīng)被諸如比薩和熱狗這樣的舶來品所詮釋了”,因此可以確定F為正確選項(xiàng)。6.B政治結(jié)果,可根據(jù)宗教原因religious reasons來推斷此處填政治結(jié)果。7. L由于橫線后面沒有賓語,可以確定不是形成bring的短語,這樣本句所缺的為一名詞,做bring的賓語。根據(jù)下文解釋,“美國人對(duì)他們所吃的食物的態(tài) 度是矛盾的”,可以推出
14、本句意義為“堅(jiān)定的觀點(diǎn)也不是確定不變的”。因此可以確定L為正確選項(xiàng)。8. K系動(dòng)詞become后應(yīng)填入一個(gè)形容詞,和后面介詞of形成短語be/become suspicious of“對(duì)感到懷疑”。9. J本句缺一個(gè)名詞作主語,并且根據(jù)和介詞in的搭配,可以推斷出正確選項(xiàng)belief,(have)belief in sth.“ 相信”。10. C本句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),缺一個(gè)動(dòng)詞,且和with 搭配,確定選項(xiàng)為share, share sth. withsb., “與某人分享某事”。英語四級(jí)
15、閱讀理解練習(xí)題及解析(2) 【閱讀練習(xí)】Baekeland and Hartmann report that the “short sleepers”had been more or less average in their sleep needs until the men were in their teens. But atabo
16、ut age 15 or so, the men voluntarily began cutting down their nightly sleep time becauseof pressures from school, work, and other activities. These men tended to vie
17、w their nightlyperiods of unconsciousness as bothersome interruptions in their daily routines.In general, these “short sleeps” appeared ambitious, active, energetic, cheerful,conformist(不動(dòng)搖) in
18、160;their opinions, and very sure about their career choices. They often heldseveral jobs at once, or workers full-or part-time while going to school. And many of them
19、60;hada strong urge to appear “normal” or “acceptable” to their friends and associates.When asked to recall their dreams, the “short sleepers” did poorly. More than this,
20、;theyseemed to prefer not remembering. In similar fashion, their usual way of dealing withpsychological problems was to deny that the problem existed, and then to keep bu
21、sy in thehope that the trouble would go away.The sleep patterns of the “short sleepers” were similar to, but less extreme than, sleeppatterns shown by many mental pa
22、tients categorized as manic(瘋?cè)?.The “l(fā)ong sleepers” were quite different indeed. Baekeland and Hartmann report thatthese young men had been lengthy sleeps since childhood. They see
23、med to enjoy their sleep,protected it, and were quite concerned when they were occasionally deprived of their desired 9hours of nightly bed rest. They tended to recall
24、60;their dreams much better than did the “shortsleepers.”Many of the “l(fā)ong sleepers” were shy, anxious, introverted (內(nèi)向), inhibited (壓抑),passive, mildly depressed, and unsure of th
25、emselves (particularly in social situations). Severalopenly states that sleep was an escape from their daily problems.1. According to the report,_.A) many short sleepers need less&
26、#160;sleep by natureB) many short sleepers are obliged to reduce their nightly sleep time because they arebusy with their workC) long sleepers sleep a longer period of
27、60;time during the dayD) many long sleepers preserve their sleeping habit formed during their childhood2. Many “short sleepers” are likely to hold the view that _.A) slee
28、p is a withdrawal from the realityB) sleep interferes with their sound judgementC) sleep is the least expensive item on their routine programD) sleep is the best way
29、 to deal with psychological troubles3. It is stated in the third paragraph that short sleepers _.A) are ideally vigorous even under the pressures of lifeB) often neg
30、lect the consequences of inadequate sleepC) do not know how to relax properlyD) are more unlikely to run into mental problems4. When sometimes they cannot enjoy adequate&
31、#160;sleep, the long sleepers might _.A) appear disturbedB) become energeticC) feel dissatisfiedD) be extremely depressed5. Which of the following is Not included in the passage?A)
32、 If one sleeps inadequately, his performance suffers and his memory is weakenedB) The sleep patterns of short sleepers are exactly the sane as those shown by manymen
33、tal patientsC) Long and short sleepers differ in their attitudes towards sleepD) Short sleepers would be better off with more rest【答案及詳解】答案:DCBAB貝克爾和哈特曼報(bào)道說,“睡眠少的人”在未進(jìn)入少年期之前,其正常睡眠時(shí)間大致與所需要的時(shí)間差不多。但到了15歲左
34、右,由于學(xué)校、工作或其它 活動(dòng)的地壓力,他們就故意地減少了夜間睡眠的時(shí)間。這些人持有這樣的觀點(diǎn):夜間睡眠是一件令人討厭的事情,打斷了日常事務(wù)??偟恼f來,這些“睡眠少的人”表現(xiàn)得雄心勃勃、積極活躍、精力充沛、無意識(shí)樂觀豁達(dá)、立場堅(jiān)定,對(duì)自己職業(yè)的選擇胸有成竹。他們往往同時(shí)從事幾 項(xiàng)工作,或者一邊上學(xué)讀書,一邊從事專職或兼職工作。其中許多人有強(qiáng)烈愿望,想在朋友和熟人面前表現(xiàn)得“正?!被颉昂先骸?。當(dāng)讓他們回憶夢境時(shí),“睡眠少的人”回憶不起什么來。更有甚者,他們似乎情愿什么都記不住。類似的情況是他們通常處理心理問題的方式:不承認(rèn)問 題的存在,希望只要忙忙碌碌,麻煩總會(huì)過去的。“睡眠少的人”的睡眠模式與
35、被劃入瘋子之類精神病患者的睡眠模式十分相似,只不過沒有那么嚴(yán)重而已?!八叨嗟娜恕鼻樾蝿t大不相同。貝克爾和哈特曼報(bào)道說,這些年輕人從小的,有抱負(fù)的睡眠就一直很長。他們好像注重睡眠,不讓睡眠受打攪。偶爾沒 有所需的9個(gè)小時(shí)夜間臥床休息,他們便會(huì)十分不安。他們比“睡眠少的人”要更能回憶得起夢的內(nèi)容。許多“睡眠多的人”靦腆、焦躁、內(nèi)向、壓抑、消極和稍微 有點(diǎn)兒沮喪,尤其在社交場合缺乏自信。好幾個(gè)人坦言,睡眠是擺脫每天煩惱的一種方式。英語四級(jí)閱讀理解練習(xí)題及解析(3) 【閱讀練習(xí)】Upon reaching an appropriate age
36、0;(usually between 18and 21 years), children are encouraged, but not forced, to “l(fā)eave the nest” and begin anindependent life. After children leave home they often find s
37、ocial relationship and financialsupport outside the family. Parents do not arrange marriages for their children, nor do childrenusually ask permission of their parents to get
38、married, Romantic love is most often the basisfor marriage in the United States; young adults meet their future spouses (配偶) through otherfriends, at jobs, and in organiz
39、ations and religious institutions, Although children choose theirown spouses, they still hope their parents will approve of their choices.In many families, parents feel that childr
40、en should make major life decisions bythemselves. A parent may try to influence a child to follow a particular profession but the childis free to choose another care
41、er. Sometimes children do precisely the opposite of what theirparents wish in order to assert their independence. A son may deliberately decide not to gointo his fathers&
42、#160;business because of a fear that he will lose his autonomy in his fathersworkplace. This independence from parents is not an indication that parents and children dono
43、t love each other. Strong love between parents and children is universal and this is noexception in the American family Coexisting with such love in the American fam
44、ily are culturalvalues of self reliance and independence.1. The writer discusses the marriage of young adults in order to show which of thefollowing?A) They enjoy the
45、60;freedom of choosing their spouses.B) They want to win the permission of their parents.C) They have a strong desire to become independent.D) They want to challenge the&
46、#160;authority of their parents.2. Most young adults in the U.S. get married for the sake of _.A) loveB) financial concernC) their parentsD) family background3. Based on
47、the passage, it can be assumed that _.A) American young adults are likely to follow the suit of their parentsB) most American people never make major decisions for
48、160;their childrenC) American young adults possess cultural values of independenceD) once a young person steps into his twenties, he will leave his home permanently4. A son
49、60;is unwilling to work in his fathers business mainly because _.A) he wishes to make full use of what he has learnt in schoolB) he wants to prove his inde
50、pendenceC) he wishes to do the opposite of what his parents approve ofD) he wants to show his love for his parents5. The subject matter of this selection is
51、0;_.A) family valuesB) marriage arrangementsC) the pursuit of a careerD) decision making【答案及詳解】答案:CACBA子女一旦到適當(dāng)年齡(通常是18至21歲),要鼓勵(lì)而不是強(qiáng)迫他們“離開窩的,財(cái)政的巢”,開始獨(dú)立生活。小孩離開家后,往往在外能夠與人交 往,并自謀出路。父母不為子女安排婚姻,子女結(jié)婚也通常無需獲得父母同意。在美國,浪漫的愛情往往是婚姻的基礎(chǔ),青年人通過朋友在學(xué)校、單位、組織以及宗 教團(tuán)
52、體認(rèn)識(shí)自己的,愛情的未來的伴侶。盡管子女自己擇偶,他們?nèi)匀幌M改改苷J(rèn)同他們的選擇。許多家庭的父母認(rèn)為,應(yīng)由子女自己來做他們生活中的重大決定。家長可能會(huì)設(shè)法影響子女去從事某一職業(yè),但子女也有選擇其它職業(yè)的自由。有時(shí)為了 證實(shí)自己的獨(dú)立性,子女從事的工作正好與父母希望的相反。兒子可能執(zhí)意不去父親的企業(yè)工作,因?yàn)閾?dān)心在那里就不能獨(dú)立自主。這種不依靠父母的獨(dú)立性并不意 味著父母與子女之間缺乏愛心。父母和子女之間普遍都有摯愛,美國家庭也毫不例外。只不過在美國家庭之中,還融合了自主、獨(dú)立的文化價(jià)值觀念。英語四級(jí)閱讀理解練習(xí)題及解析(4) 【閱讀練習(xí)】Now let us
53、160;look at how we read. When we read a printedtext, our eyes move across a page in short, jerky movement. We recognize words usually whenour eyes are still whe
54、n they fixate. Each time they fixate, we see a group of words. This isknown as the recognition span or the visual span. The length of time ofr which the
55、60;eyes stop -the duration of the fixation -varies considerably from person to person. It also vaies withinany one person according to his purpose in reading and his
56、;familiarity with the text.Furthermore, it can be affected by such factors as lighting and tiredness.Unfortunately, in the past, many reading improvement courses have concentrated
57、toomuch on how our eyes move across the printed page. As a result of this misleading emphasison the purely visual aspects of reading, numerous exercises have been de
58、vised to train theeyes to see more words at one fixation. For instance, in some exercises, words are flashed onto a screen for, say, a tenth or a twentieth
59、;of a second. One of the exercises has requiredstudents to fix their eyes on some central point, taking in the words on either side. Such wordpatterns are often
60、;constructed in the shape of rather steep pyramids so the reader takes inmore and more words at each successive fixation. All these exercises are very clever, but it
61、sone thing to improve a persons ability to see words and quite another thing to improve hisability to read a text efficiently. Reading requires the ability to unders
62、tand the relationshipbetween words. Consequently, for these reasons, many experts have now begun to questionthe usefulness of eye training, especially since any approach whichtrains
63、0;a person to read isolated words and phrases would seem unlikely to help him inreading a continuous text.Q:1. The time of the recognition span can be affected by
64、60;the following facts except_ .A. ones familiarity with the textB. ones purpose in readingC. the length of a group of wordsD. lighting and tiredness2. The author may bel
65、ieve that reading _.A. requires a reader to take in more words at each fixationB. requires a reader to see words more quicklyC. demands an deeply-participating mindD.
66、0;demands more mind than eyes3 What does the author mean by saying “but its one thing to improve a persons ability tosee words and quite another thing to improv
67、e his ability to read a text efficiently.” in thesecond parapraph?A. The ability to see words is not needed when an efficient reading is conducted.B. The reading exe
68、rcises mentioned cant help to improve both the ability to see and tocomprehend words.C. The reading exercises mentioned cant help to improve an efficient reading.D. The r
69、eading exercises mentioned has done a great job to improve ones ability to seewords.4. Which of the following is NOT true?A. The visual span is a word or a
70、;group of words we see each time.B. Many experts began to question the efficiency of eye training.C. The emphasis on the purely visual aspects is misleading.D.The eye
71、0;training will help readers in reading a continuous text.5. The tune of the author in writing this article is _A criticalB neutralC prssimisticD optimistic【答案及詳解】答案:CCCDA解題思路1 C。事
72、實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段提到了影響視幅的因素:不同的人,不同的閱讀目的,對(duì)材料的熟悉程度,光線,疲勞。C“一組詞的長度”不是能影響視幅的因素,是本 題的答案。2 C。觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。作者在第二段第二句提到,眼睛訓(xùn)練課程只注重了閱讀的視覺因素。倒數(shù)第二句書哦,閱讀要求具備理解單詞間關(guān)系的能力。因此選項(xiàng)C“閱讀需 要大腦的深度參與”正確。作者沒有否定閱讀的視覺因素的必要性,但是也沒有說讀者應(yīng)該練習(xí)拓寬視幅,加快閱讀速度。所以AB兩項(xiàng)都不正確。作者沒有對(duì)大腦 和眼睛在閱讀過程中的重要性進(jìn)行對(duì)比,所以不選D3 C。 作者在這句話中先是肯定了那些閱讀練習(xí)提高看單詞的能力,然后提出了有效閱讀概念。
73、后面句中還指出,有效閱讀需要的是理解單詞間的聯(lián)系的能力。所以作者的 意思應(yīng)該是那些(訓(xùn)練眼睛的)閱讀練習(xí)對(duì)與有效的閱讀無益。B與文章相反。D句是蘊(yùn)涵其中一個(gè)意思,卻不是作者想表達(dá)的方向。4 D。 第二段最后一句說,眼睛訓(xùn)練對(duì)于幫助讀者閱讀連貫文章無益,所以D是錯(cuò)的,是本題答案。5 A。 參考前面的結(jié)構(gòu)剖析,作者寫本文的主要目的是對(duì)那些只關(guān)注閱讀的視覺因素的閱讀能力課程進(jìn)行批判,所以答案應(yīng)該是A。英語四級(jí)閱讀理解練習(xí)題及解析(5) 【閱讀練習(xí)】As is known to all, the organiza
74、tion and management ofwages and salaries are very complex. Generally speaking, the Accounts Department is _1_for calculations of pay, while the Personnel Department is interested
75、160;in discussions with theemployees about pay.If a firm wants to _2_ a new wage and salary structure, it is essential that the firmshould decide on a _3_ of jo
76、b evaluation and ways of measuring the performance of itsemployees. In order to be _4_, that new pay structure will need agreement between TradeUnions and employers. In
77、160;job evaluation, all of the requirements of each job are defined in adetailed job description. Each of thsoe requirements is given a value, usually in "points",
78、160;whichare _5_ together to give a total value for the job. For middle and higher management, aspecial method is used to evaluate managers on their knowledge of the
79、 job, theirresponsibility, and their _6_ to solve problems. Because of the difficulty in measuringmanagement work, however, job grades for managers are often decided without _
80、7_ to anevaluation system based on points.In attempting to design a pay system, the Personnel Department should _8_ the valueof each job with these in the job market
81、. _9_, payment for a job should vary with anydifferences in the way that the job is performed. Where it is simple to measure the work done,as in the works
82、done with hands, monetary encouragement schemes are often chosen, for_10_ workers, where measurement is difficult, methods of additional payments areemployed.AcompareBresponsibleCusefulDaddedEfindFreferenc
83、eGindirectHmethodIsuccessfulJcombinedKNecessarilyLcapacityMabilityNBasicallyOadoptAnswers:1.選B)。此處應(yīng)填形容詞。原文意思為“會(huì)計(jì)部門.計(jì)算報(bào)酬”,選項(xiàng)中的形容詞responsible“負(fù)責(zé)任的”,useful“有用 的”,indirect“間接的”,successful“成功的”,其中indirect不能與for連用,排除;剩余幾項(xiàng)中只有 B)responsible意義符合原句,其他均不符合,故排除。2.選O)。此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞原形。本文主題就是采用一種新的工資和薪水制度時(shí)需要注意的問題,選項(xiàng)
84、中的動(dòng)詞原形有compare“比 較”,find“找到”,adopt“采納”,分別帶入原文,只有adopt最符合原文意思,故選O).3.選H)。此處應(yīng)填名詞。從原文看,and連接并列結(jié)構(gòu),所以要填的詞應(yīng)與and后面的ways意思一致,選項(xiàng)中的名詞只有mathod = ways,故選H)method。4.選I)。此處應(yīng)填形容詞。上文說新的工資制度需要一套決定工作評(píng)估和衡量雇員表現(xiàn)的方法,說的是制度“是否有用”的問題。這句說的時(shí)新的工 資制度執(zhí)行過程中的問題,勞資雙方先期達(dá)成一致是薪酬制度成功的必要條件。形容詞useful和successful,I)seccessful更符合原
85、 文意思。5.選D)。此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞。這個(gè)動(dòng)詞的賓語是point“分值”,把分值.起來to give a totalvalue"得出總分值",選項(xiàng)中有added和combined,前者指“把.相加”,后者意為“把.結(jié)合在一起”,原文指將分值相加得出總 分,故D)added最符合文意。6.選M)。此處應(yīng)填名詞。首先solve problem“解決問題”是經(jīng)理們應(yīng)具備的能力,選項(xiàng)中的capacity與ability都可以表示“能力”;前者強(qiáng)調(diào)的是理解的能力和接受事物的能 力,而后者強(qiáng)調(diào)實(shí)際應(yīng)用的能力,故不難判斷解決問題的能力應(yīng)該用M)abi
86、lity。7.選F)。此處應(yīng)填名詞。前半句指出“因?yàn)楣芾砉ぷ骱茈y評(píng)估,經(jīng)理的工作得分不需要參照基于分值的評(píng)估系統(tǒng)決定?!眞ithout reference to為固定搭配,意思是“與.無關(guān)”。故選F)reference。8.選A)。此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞原形。原句中出現(xiàn)了the value of each job“每種工作的價(jià)值”和thesein the job market“工作市場上的(工作價(jià)值)”,說明人事部門通過比較兩種價(jià)值來計(jì)算工資制度。選項(xiàng)中只有compare表示“比較”,所以A)正確。9.選K)。此處應(yīng)填副詞,修飾整句話?!皥?bào)酬要隨工作表現(xiàn)各方面的不同而有所改變”,選項(xiàng)中Necessarily“必須地”與 Basically“基本地”為副詞,分別帶入原文,“報(bào)酬.的變化是必須的”更符合上下文意思,故排除N),選K)。10.選G)。此處應(yīng)填形容詞。前文
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