建筑史中英文對(duì)照

1、中國(guó)古代建筑及構(gòu)造建筑史中英文對(duì)照建史名詞中英文對(duì)照：宮palace,temple殿hall廳hall又稱“堂 室room房house亭pavilionplatform壇altar樓storied building閣pavilion廊colonnade榭pavilion on terrace水榭waterside pavilion軒windowed veranda民居folk house四合院courtyard house寨stockaded village舫boat house闕que, watchtower牌樓pailou, decorated gateway華表huabiao, orna

2、mental pillar塔pagoda硬山flush gable roof懸山overhanging gable roof歇山gable and hip roof廡殿hip roof四阿hip roof卷棚round ridge roof重檐double eave roof攢尖pyramidal roof園攢尖round pavilion roof大木wooden structure大式wooden frame with dougong小式wooden frame without dougong大木作carpentry work小木作joinery work抬梁式構(gòu)架post and lin

3、tel construction穿斗式構(gòu)架column and tie construction井干式構(gòu)架log cabin construction檐柱eave column金柱hypostyle column內(nèi)槽柱hypostyle column唐代術(shù)語(yǔ)內(nèi)柱hypostyle column宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)山柱center column角柱corner column唐、宋術(shù)語(yǔ)瓜柱short column脊瓜柱king post蜀柱king post宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)雷公柱suspended column帳桿suspended column宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)側(cè)腳cejiao宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)卷殺entasis梭柱shuttle -

4、shaped column宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)角背bracket由戧inverted V-shaped brace叉手chashou, inverted V-shaped brace宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)柁墩wooden pier駝峰tuofeng, camel -hump shaped suport宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)梁beambeam宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)月梁crescent beam三架梁3- purlin beam平梁3-purlin beam宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)四架梁4- purlin beam五架梁5- purlin beam四椽袱5-purlin beam宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)六架梁6- purlin beam七架梁7- purlin beam六椽袱7-p

5、urlin beam宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)九架梁9-purlin beam八椽袱9-purlin beam宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)單步梁one-step cross beam雙步梁two -step cross beam挑尖梁main aisle exposed tiebeam乳袱rufu, beam tie宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)抱頭梁baotou beam穿插枋penetrating tie角梁hip rafer木行purlin (used with dougong) 大式檁purlin (used without dougong) 小式摶purlin宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)脊木行ridged purlin大式脊檁ridged purlin小式脊摶r

6、idged purlin宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)金木行intermediate purlin大式金檁intermediate purlin小式上中平摶intermediate purlin宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)老檐木行purlin on hypostyle大、小式，宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)正心木行eave purlin大式檐檁eave purlin小式下平摶eave purlin宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)額枋architrave(used with dougong)大式檐枋architrave(used with dougong)小式闌額 architrave 宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)由額墊板 cushion board 大式檐墊板cushion board小式枋tieb

7、eam脊枋ridge tiebeam上金枋upper purlin tiebeam下金枋lower purlin tiebeam 老檐枋eave tiebeam大式，指檐口構(gòu)造檐枋eave tiebeam小式，指檐口構(gòu)造頂椽top rafter腦椽upper rafter花架椽intermediate rafter檐椽eave rafter飛檐椽flying rafter飛子flying rafter宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)連檐eave edging瓦口tile edging頷版tile edging宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)舉架raising the purlin舉析raising the purlin宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)步架horiz

8、ontal spacing between purlinscai栔 qi分fen斗口doukou,mortise of cap block斗拱dougong,bracket set斗block with cross mortise大斗cap block櫨斗cap block 宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)拱 gong,bracketarm翹flower arm, petal華拱flower arm 宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)昂ang,lever槽升子center block齊心斗center block宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)三才升small block十八斗 connection block交互斗connection block宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)正心拱泥道

9、拱axial bracket arm 宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)瓜拱oval arm瓜子拱oval arm宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)萬(wàn)拱l(fā)ong arm慢拱l(fā)ong arm宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)廂拱regular arm令拱regular arm宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)單材拱outer -side bracket arm撐頭small tie-beam枋small tie-beam宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)耍頭nose攢柱頭科bracket set on columns柱頭鋪?zhàn)鱞racket set on columns宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)平身科bracket sets between columns補(bǔ)間鋪?zhàn)鱞racket sets between columns宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)角科bracke

10、t set on corner轉(zhuǎn)角鋪?zhàn)鱞racket set on corner宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)extension of bracket出跳extension of bracket宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)cai跳tiao宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)雀替sparrow brace搏縫板gable eave board搏縫版宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)木裝修joiner's work外檐裝修exterior finish work內(nèi)檐裝修interior finish work框檻door frame檻stud抱框jamb on door or window格柵partition door抹頭window stool欞子grill裙板panel

11、檻窗sill wall window榻板window sill支摘窗removable window門枕door bearing門簪decorative cylinder門跋door knocker門釘decorative nails on door leaf門枕石bearing stone抱鼓石drum -shaped bearing stone天花ceiling帽兒梁lattice framing支條lattice framing井口天花compartment ceiling海墁天花flat ceiling藻井caisson ceiling罩shelf龕niche博古架antique sh

12、elf瓦石作masonry檐墻eave wall廊墻partition wall扇面墻horizontal partition wall隔斷墻vertical partition wall檻墻sill wall樨頭gable wall head挑檐石cantilever stone on eave五花山墻stepped gable wall拔磉corbel, hanging over疊澀corbel, hanging over宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)角柱石corner pier階條石 rectangular stone slab壓闌石rectangular stone slab 宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)臺(tái)階steps踏道st

13、eps宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)踏垛step踏step宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)斗板石intermediate pier drooping belt stone副子drooping belt stone宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)象眼triangular space御路yulu, imperial path羌差ramp須彌座xumizuo圭角guijiao上枋upper fillet and fascia下枋lower fillet and fascia上裊upper cyma, recta下裊lower cyma, reversa束腰suyao鉤欄balustrade宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)單鉤欄single frieze balustrade宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)垂臺(tái)鉤欄d

14、ouble frieze balustrade望柱baluster望柱頭baluster capital 欄版frieze panel華版frieze panel地伏plinth stone尋杖handrail宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)柱頂石capital stone柱礎(chǔ)column base躓zhi碑碣stone tablet赑屃bixi, stone turtle 宋及宋前術(shù)語(yǔ)趺fu, stone turtle清代術(shù)語(yǔ)石像生stone animal石人stone human statue筒瓦round tile板瓦flat tile青瓦black tile脊瓦ridge tile琉璃瓦glazed roof

15、 tile勾頭eave tile滴水drip tile瓦當(dāng)tile end, eave tile with pattern正吻zhengwen鴟尾chiwei宋及宋前術(shù)語(yǔ)正脊main ridge垂脊diagonal ridge for hip roof, vertical ridge for gable roof戧脊diagonal ridge for gable and hip roof博脊horizontal ridge for gable and hip roof 仙人celestial being走獸animal磚雕brick carving彩畫(huà)colored pattern, col

16、ored drawing 蘇式彩畫(huà)Suzhou style pattern旋子彩畫(huà)tangent circle pattern和璽彩畫(huà)dragons pattern天花彩畫(huà)ceiling pattern箍頭end portion of painted beam藻頭intermediate portion of painted beam枋心central portion of painted beam點(diǎn)金gold pointing退暈color change瀝粉embossed painting貼金gold foil painting建史名詞中英文對(duì)照：外國(guó)古代建筑及構(gòu)造金字塔pyramid方尖

17、碑obelisk牌門樓pylon蓮花式柱lotus column紙草花式柱papyrus column棕櫚葉式柱palm column塔廟ziggurat列柱圍廊式peristyle山花pediment多立克柱式Doric order伊奧尼亞柱式Ionic order曾用名“愛(ài)奧尼亞柱式科林斯柱式Corinthian order檐口cornice檐部entablature檐壁frieze額枋architrave柱頭capital柱身column shaft槽溝flute圓底線腳torus柱基plinth臺(tái)基stylobate輸水道aqueduct萬(wàn)神廟pantheon凱旋門triumphal arch角斗場(chǎng)colosseum廣場(chǎng)forum托斯卡柱式Tuscan order 門廊 potch,portico小穹頂cupola平嵌線reglet主穹頂main dome半穹頂semi dome帆拱pendentive會(huì)堂basilica中廳central nave側(cè)廊aisle半圓形壁龕apse袖廊transept柱廊colonnade神壇altar拱廊atcade壁上拱廊blind arcade塔樓turret玫瑰窗rose window扶壁buttress尖頂pinnacle滴水獸gargoyle頂端飾finial花色窗欞