中中考閱讀理解專項復(fù)習(xí)課件

1、閱讀技巧閱讀技巧析：根據(jù)同位語關(guān)系析：根據(jù)同位語關(guān)系、詞義理解題、詞義理解題 A.語音學(xué)語音學(xué) B 語義學(xué)語義學(xué) C.詞匯學(xué)詞匯學(xué)_（1）根據(jù)上下文已知部分進行邏輯上的推理猜測義：）根據(jù)上下文已知部分進行邏輯上的推理猜測義： A bag is useful and the word “bag” is useful. It gives us some interesting phrases(短短語語). One is “ to let the cat out of the bag.” It is the same as “to tell a secret”. Now when someone l

2、ets out (泄漏泄漏)a secret, he “l(fā)ets the cat out of the bag.” 短文后面有一個理解題目：短文后面有一個理解題目： John “l(fā)ets the cat out of the bag” means he _. A. makes everyone know a secret B. the woman bout a cat C. buys a cat in the bag D. sells the cat in the bagAl在這篇文章里，在這篇文章里，“l(fā)et the cat out ofthe bag”雖然是一個新出現(xiàn)的短語，雖然是一個新出

3、現(xiàn)的短語，但緊接著后面就給出解釋但緊接著后面就給出解釋It is the sameas “to tell a secret”.misunderstanding; encouragement,picture 誤用，錯用誤用，錯用Guess the Meaning of the Word , phrase or sentence1.根據(jù)定義，解釋根據(jù)定義，解釋2.根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法3.根據(jù)同義詞，反義詞關(guān)系根據(jù)同義詞，反義詞關(guān)系4. 根據(jù)對比，轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系根據(jù)對比，轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系5. 根據(jù)同位語關(guān)系根據(jù)同位語關(guān)系6. 根據(jù)因果關(guān)系根據(jù)因果關(guān)系7. 根據(jù)上下文線索根據(jù)上下文線索8. 根據(jù)生活常識根據(jù)生活常識

4、詞義理解題詞義理解題-指代詞指代詞( (考查考查我們對文章中出現(xiàn)的代詞我們對文章中出現(xiàn)的代詞(it,they,one)(it,they,one)所指代對象的能力所指代對象的能力. . 題干形式題干形式: :) The word”this “ in the last paragraph refers to _A.giving pet fish too mush foodB. giving pet fish too little foodC. givingthe right amount of foodD.giving neither too cold nor too hot water 析:II

5、II、細(xì)節(jié)理解題：、細(xì)節(jié)理解題： 細(xì)節(jié)理解題就是我們常見的細(xì)節(jié)理解題就是我們常見的whwh- -題，有些問題可以在文章中題，有些問題可以在文章中直接找直接找到答案到答案，有些則要我們在理解的基，有些則要我們在理解的基礎(chǔ)上將有關(guān)內(nèi)容系統(tǒng)化才能找到，礎(chǔ)上將有關(guān)內(nèi)容系統(tǒng)化才能找到，比如計算、排序、是非判斷、圖形比如計算、排序、是非判斷、圖形比較等比較等。方法是方法是: :先用先用尋讀法找出與問題相關(guān)尋讀法找出與問題相關(guān)的詞語或句子，再對相關(guān)的部分進的詞語或句子，再對相關(guān)的部分進行細(xì)讀，找出正確答案。行細(xì)讀，找出正確答案。1.1.直接事實題直接事實題在解答這類問題時要求抓住題干文字信息，采在解答這類問

6、題時要求抓住題干文字信息，采用針對性方法進行閱讀用針對性方法進行閱讀,因為這類題的答案在文因為這類題的答案在文章中可以直接找到。章中可以直接找到。 2.間接事實題間接事實題: Invited by Mr. Ye Huixian, host of the well received TV programme “Stars Tonight”，Miss Luo Lin, Miss Asia of 1991，appeared as the guest hostess on the Shanghai TV screen last Sunday.Born in Shanghai and taken to

7、Hong Kong when she was only six years old， Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia. Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess. Before she took part in the competition, she had been an airhostess in Cat hay Airline for seven years. However，it still took her three months to learn the art of wa

8、lking on the stage, dancing, singing, making-up and other proper manners, designed by the Asia TV Station. “Its really a hard job for me. I wont enter for such competition any more. Anyhow, I am quite lucky. I am also glad to have had more chance to work for the social welfare since I won the title.

9、 This time, in Shanghai, Id love to make a deep impression on my TV audience, said Luo Lin with a sweet smile.Q： Which of the following is NOT true? A. Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.B. Luo Lin moved to Hong Kong with her parents. C. Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991.D. Asia TV Station hel

10、ped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia. 解析：解析： A、C 和和D都可在原文找到答都可在原文找到答案，而案，而B項原文列的是：項原文列的是： taken to Hong Kong可判斷不是可判斷不是moved to Hong Kong with her parents，因此選因此選B。 Tips :解此類題需要結(jié)合上下解此類題需要結(jié)合上下文提供的語境和信息進行簡單文提供的語境和信息進行簡單的概括和判斷的概括和判斷,找出支持每個找出支持每個選項的句子選項的句子. III、推理判斷題、推理判斷題 常見形式：常見形式： 常見形式常見形式: :( (觀點態(tài)度類觀點態(tài)度類)

11、)1.常見形式常見形式:(:(體裁來源類體裁來源類) )1.We can learn something about _ from the passage.2.Where did this passage most probably appear?2.2.解推斷題應(yīng)注意：解推斷題應(yīng)注意：(1)不能以自己的觀點代替作者的不能以自己的觀點代替作者的觀點；觀點；(2)推理的根據(jù)來自于上下文。推理的根據(jù)來自于上下文。 (3) 表層意義推斷出隱含的意義表層意義推斷出隱含的意義3 3. .解推斷題的方法：解推斷題的方法：解推斷題最主要的方法是根據(jù)詞義關(guān)解推斷題最主要的方法是根據(jù)詞義關(guān)系推斷具體細(xì)節(jié)。系推斷

12、具體細(xì)節(jié)。要對文字的表面信息要對文字的表面信息進行分析、挖掘和邏輯推理，不能就事進行分析、挖掘和邏輯推理，不能就事論事，以偏概全論事，以偏概全 Example 1 One day a man walked into a pet shop and said to the shop assistant，“I need two small mice and about five dozen roaches (蟑螂蟑螂) and two spiders.” “What do you need these things for?” the shop assistant was very surprise

13、d. “Well，”replied the man，“Im moving out of my apartment and the landlord insists that I should leave the house in exactly the same condition as I found it.”Q： The passage suggests that when the writer moved into the house, it was _.A. very clean B. just cleaned by the landlordC. tidy and comfortabl

14、e D. dirty and full of insects解析：他要搬出所租的房子，而房東要求房屋必須是他租解析：他要搬出所租的房子，而房東要求房屋必須是他租進來時的原樣，所以他須買些老鼠和蟑螂等昆蟲對房屋進進來時的原樣，所以他須買些老鼠和蟑螂等昆蟲對房屋進行行“恢復(fù)恢復(fù)”，因此推出答案為，因此推出答案為D D。 Example 2 Some people are never right. They never have good luck. They usually do the wrong thing and say the wrong thing. And even if what t

15、hey say or do is OK，they as a rule say it or do it at the wrong time. So these people always have problems. They often break dishes. They sometimes miss buses and airplanes. Mr. Neff is different. He is always right. He is never wrong. He usually has good luck. He seldom has problems. He never break

16、s dishes. He never misses buses or airplanes. Even if he does miss them，it is always the fault of the buses or air planes. Mr. Neff knows almost everything. He doesnt ask questions；he answers questions. He never says，“I dont know.”Q： Which of the following best describes the writers attitude to Mr.

17、Neff?A. He finds Mr. Neff hard to understand.B. He thinks Mr. Neff wonderful.C. He feels pity for Mr. Neff.D. He does not like Mr. Neff.解析：從作者的語氣中我們可以體會他的態(tài)度，特別是解析：從作者的語氣中我們可以體會他的態(tài)度，特別是Even if he does miss them，it is always the fault of the buses or the airplanes. 誤了誤了車或飛機本該是人的失誤怎能歸咎于車或飛機呢？明顯是譏諷，也車或飛

18、機本該是人的失誤怎能歸咎于車或飛機呢？明顯是譏諷，也是暗示他對是暗示他對Mr. Neff的討厭之情。答案為的討厭之情。答案為D。 returnLijiang,Yunnan,Dec.17(Xinhuanet)-A film directed by famous director Zhang yimou, made its domestic debut( 國內(nèi)國內(nèi)首映式）首映式）in Lijiang,where the film was shot ,in southwest Chinas Yunnan Province,On Friday night._（1）主題句在段首）主題句在段首 一個主題句

19、常常是一個段落的開頭，其后的句子則是論證性細(xì)節(jié)。在論說文，科技文獻和新聞報道中多采用這種格式。 Example 2Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at t

20、he same time. （2 2）主題句也會出現(xiàn)在段尾。）主題句也會出現(xiàn)在段尾。作者先擺出事實依據(jù)作者先擺出事實依據(jù), , 層層推理論證層層推理論證, , 最后自然得出結(jié)論最后自然得出結(jié)論, , 即段落的主題。本即段落的主題。本段的中心思想在結(jié)尾句得到體現(xiàn)段的中心思想在結(jié)尾句得到體現(xiàn), ,它是此段內(nèi)容的結(jié)論。它是此段內(nèi)容的結(jié)論。 For adults a cold is not that serious. However, this is not the case for children. Cold symptoms(癥狀癥狀) in children may be sighs of m

21、ore serious diseases and should be given prompt(及時的及時的) medical attention. 本段主題句為第二句本段主題句為第二句, 因為在因為在however 后面才后面才是作者真正的看法是作者真正的看法, 并在下文中進一步作了說明。并在下文中進一步作了說明。 當(dāng)主題句被安排在段中間時當(dāng)主題句被安排在段中間時, 作者往往從具體作者往往從具體的事例談起的事例談起, 隨之歸納出主題隨之歸納出主題, 然后再圍繞這一主然后再圍繞這一主題展開討論題展開討論, 使立論更加清楚使立論更加清楚, 具有很強的說服力具有很強的說服力, 即以即以“立立”為主

22、為主, 對正面觀點進行闡述。對正面觀點進行闡述。 _ A shark is a large,fierce fish.what will you do if you meet a shark while you are swimming?One man who knows all about sharks has given some advice to help you swim safely._topic sentenceThis passage is about _A) what a shark isB) The best place to swim inC) How to swim sa

23、felyD) How to ride on sharks.邏輯推論邏輯推論觀點態(tài)度觀點態(tài)度體裁來源體裁來源1.整體理解整體理解2.細(xì)節(jié)理解句子結(jié)構(gòu)，句細(xì)節(jié)理解句子結(jié)構(gòu)，句意理解，詞語意義的理解意理解，詞語意義的理解3. 不影響語篇整體理解的難不影響語篇整體理解的難句和生詞可以忽略句和生詞可以忽略1、速讀全文，了解大意知主、速讀全文，了解大意知主題。題。(略讀略讀) 2閱讀題干，明確題目類型，閱讀題干，明確題目類型， 有的放矢，分類處理有的放矢，分類處理3邏輯推理，做好深層理解題邏輯推理，做好深層理解題 4 復(fù)讀全文，前后對照，核實復(fù)讀全文，前后對照，核實答案答案 閱讀理解題型介紹：閱讀理解題型

24、介紹： 是中考考查的重點，一般是是中考考查的重點，一般是4篇短文，共計篇短文，共計20小題，小題，40分。分。涉及的題材有說明文涉及的題材有說明文.記敘文記敘文和應(yīng)用文等，內(nèi)容包括故事和應(yīng)用文等，內(nèi)容包括故事.文化習(xí)俗文化習(xí)俗.科普知識科普知識.電視節(jié)目電視節(jié)目新聞介紹等方面，圖文結(jié)合，新聞介紹等方面，圖文結(jié)合，圖表結(jié)合。圖表結(jié)合。 In America, just as in Europe, men usually open doors for women, and women always walk ahead of men into a room or a restaurant, unl

25、ess （除非）（除非）the men have to be ahead of the ladies to choose the table, to open the door of a car or do some other things like the above on the street, men almost always walk or cross the street on the closer side of the ladies to the traffic But if a man walks with two ladies, he should walk betwee

26、n them ,Then if the host （男主人）（男主人）or hostess （女主人）（女主人）or both of them come in a car to get their guest for dinner, the guest should sit at the front seat and leave the back seat though there is no people sitting on it1In America men usually _ Awalk ahead of women Beat in a restaurant Cwalk behind women Ddrive a car to work2In the street men _ Across the street Bwalk on the right side of the ladies Cwalk on the closer side of the ladies to the traffic Dwalk near the ladies3If a man wal