2019南京中考英語專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)1名詞、冠詞

1、中考專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí) （一）名詞、冠詞一、名詞：1、名詞的分類英語名詞可分專有名詞和普通名詞兩大類：專有名詞是個(gè)別的人、地、物、團(tuán)體、機(jī)構(gòu)等的專用名稱。專有名詞如果是含有普通名詞的短語，則必須使用年冠詞he。如:the Great Wall （長(zhǎng)城）普通名詞又分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。2、名詞的數(shù)1 .可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞，中學(xué)階段常見的不可數(shù)名詞有：water ; meat; rice ; bread ; milk ; tea ; orange（桔汁）；fruit ; air ;snow ; chalk; work ; paper（紙）；time（時(shí)間）；music ; weather ;

2、 grass ; news ; food ; fish（魚肉）；coke ; porridge ;cake（可數(shù)或不可數(shù) ）.提醒：初中階段 十大不可數(shù)名詞 "newswork, food, weather, fun, advice, traffic, informationknowledge, music.不可數(shù)名詞應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1）前無冠，后無復(fù)；作主語為三單.2）表量用約數(shù) some /any ; much ; a lot of物質(zhì)名詞在表示數(shù)量時(shí) ，常用某個(gè)量詞 +of來表示 eg. a cup of tea, seven pieces of bread, several

3、bags of rice,2 .可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)A、規(guī)則變化1）2）3）4）提醒 :leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, loaf-loaves, wife-wivesbelief（信念）-beliefs, chief（首領(lǐng)）-chiefs, proof（證據(jù)）-proofs, roof（屋頂）-roofs, gulf（海灣；深淵）-gulfsB、不規(guī)則變化：英語里有些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是不規(guī)則的，現(xiàn)歸納如下:規(guī)則例詞1,變名詞中的兀音字母或其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-m

4、ice2單復(fù)數(shù)相同sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species li, yuan, jin,3只有復(fù)數(shù)形式ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents4一些集體名詞總是用作復(fù)數(shù)people, police, cattle, staff5部分集體名詞既可以作單數(shù) （整體），可以作復(fù)數(shù)（成員）audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population,

5、crew, team, public, enemy, party6“數(shù)形式表示特別含義customs（海關(guān)）,forces（軍隊(duì)）,times（時(shí)代）,spirits（情緒）,drinks（飲料）， sands眇灘）,papers（文件報(bào)紙）,manners（禮貌）,looks（夕卜表）,brains（頭腦 智力）,greens（青菜）7表小 某 國 人”加-sAmericans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans葉復(fù)數(shù)同形Swiss（瑞士），Portuguese （葡萄牙）,Chinese, JapaneseU-man或-woma

6、n結(jié)尾的改為-men,-womenEnglishmen, Frenchwomen8合成 名詞將主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)sons-in-law（女婿）,lookers-on（觀看者）,passers-by（過路人）, story-tellers（說書人），boy friends無主體名詞時(shí)將最后一部分 變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)grown-ups（成人），housewives, stopwatches（碼表）將兩部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)women singers, men servants 's ?v（?）nt（ 仆人，傭人）3、名詞所有格:名詞的所有格是表示名詞之間的所有關(guān)系，有兩種表示形式，一種是在名詞后+'另一

7、種是用of,表示“的”。1 .（1） 一般詞的所有格，直接在詞尾 +' os eg. Mr. Mott ' s robot, children ' s clothes1中考專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)（一）名詞、冠詞（2）以s結(jié)尾的名詞所有格只在詞尾+' eg. teachers ' books（3）兩人共有的物體，則在第二個(gè)名詞后+' s；口果分別是兩人所有，則在每個(gè)名詞后面+' oseg. Lucy and Lily ' s rOomA（住一個(gè)房間 ）Mrs Green ' s and Mrs Brown'指頗n備自的兒子）（4）

8、表示某具體場(chǎng)所時(shí)，所有格后面的名詞可省略eg. the doctor ' s （offiMe） White ' s2 .（1）沒有生命的事物一般用of短語來表示所屬關(guān)系。eg. the wall of the classroom（2）名詞的的定語較長(zhǎng)時(shí)，有生命的事物也可用of短語表示。 eg. a long story of a 50-year-old man（3） 雙重所有格eg. a friend of his, the big nose of Tom ' s（4）有些表示時(shí)間、距離、國家、城市等無生命的東西的名詞，也可以加來構(gòu)成所有格。eg. ten minute

9、s ' walk,stodayspaper4、名詞或代詞作主語時(shí)和謂語之間的單復(fù)數(shù)的一致問題：1、主語是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式：如： The computer was a great invention.（計(jì)算機(jī)是個(gè)了不起的發(fā)明）The wateNn the glass is very cold.（玻璃杯里的水很冷）2、集體名詞（如 family, class, team, group, row, police, school 等）做句子主語時(shí),如果表示整體概念，則謂語用單數(shù)形式，如：Class Three is a very good class.（三班是好班

10、） 如果表示其中的所有成員時(shí)，則謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如：Class Three have a map of China.3、Chinese, Japanese, fish, sheep, people等表示單個(gè)時(shí)謂語用單數(shù)，表示許多時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Therejs asheep in the yard.（院子里有只綿羊 ）/ There are some sheep in the yard.（院子里有一些綿羊 ）“people作 人們“解時(shí)，無單數(shù)形式，如 many people,個(gè)人”時(shí)要說a person4、maths, news等雖然有s結(jié)尾，但不是復(fù)數(shù)，因此謂語仍用單數(shù)：The news

11、 js very exciting.只用作單數(shù)的復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞有：科學(xué)名詞：physics, mathematics / maths游戲名稱：bowls專有名詞：the United States, Niagara Falls 其他名詞：news, falls5、glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves, scissors （剪刀）,clothes , chopsticks（筷子）， goods , ashe （骨 灰，灰燼），compasses （圓規(guī)）等名詞往往用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。clothes無單數(shù)形式，不能與具體數(shù)詞連用，可以說 new cl

12、othes , 但不能說 a new clothes ,而應(yīng)該說 a new coat6、可修飾名詞的常用詞：可修飾可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞：some, any, no, a lot of, lots of, plenty of修飾可數(shù)名詞的有：many,（a）few, a large （great） number of只修飾不可數(shù)名詞的有：much,（a）little, a great deal of7、and連接兩個(gè)名詞做主語時(shí)，謂語原則上用復(fù)數(shù)，但是兩個(gè)名詞若構(gòu)成一個(gè)整體事物時(shí)，謂語則用單數(shù)。如：The teacher and his son are picking apples now.（

13、老師和他的兒子在摘蘋果 ）/ Fish and chips is very famous food.（魚和薯?xiàng)l是種出名的食品）8、 there be句型中be的單復(fù)數(shù)一般由靠近的名詞決定。如： There is a table and four chairs in the room .9、用bothand 連接兩個(gè)事物做主語時(shí)，謂語一般用復(fù)數(shù)。如： Both you and I are required to be heretomorrow .（你和我明天要求都來）10、主語中含有 with的短語時(shí)，謂語單復(fù)數(shù)由 with之前的人物決定。 如：A woman with a 7-year-old

14、 child was standing at the side of the road .11、either。1或者neithernodi接兩個(gè)人物做句子主語時(shí)，謂語采用就近原則。如：Either you or he isright.（要么是你對(duì)，要么是他對(duì)。/你和他有一個(gè)人是對(duì)的 ）/ Neither you nor _L am going there.12、表示一段時(shí)間或長(zhǎng)度概念的復(fù)數(shù)名詞做主語時(shí) ，謂語一般用單數(shù)。 如：Two months is not a short time .（兩 個(gè)月不是個(gè)短時(shí)間）Two thousand kilometers is quite a long d

15、istance （距離）.（兩千千米是相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)的一段距離）13、主語中含有 half of-（three quarters） of / all （of） the等詞語時(shí).，謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)由名詞確定，如：Overthree quarters of the information on the Internet is jn English.（因特網(wǎng)上四分之三以上的信息是用英語寫的）/ A third of the students were_playing near the lake.（學(xué)生的三分之一（當(dāng)時(shí)）正在湖邊玩耍）/ All of the water in these rivers has b

16、een polluted .（這些河流中的水已經(jīng)被污染了）（被動(dòng)句）但是，population 一詞又有特殊情況：What's the population of China?（中國人口是多少？）（句子用單數(shù)）/3中考專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)（一）名詞、冠詞Three quarters of the population, in this city are Arabs （阿拉伯人 ）.14、thanks , congratulations 常用復(fù)數(shù)形式二、冠詞冠詞分為不定冠詞（a, an）,定冠詞（the）,和零冠詞。I.不定冠詞白用法：a用于以輔音音素開始的單詞前，而an用于以元音音素開始的單詞前1

17、卜旨,類人或事，相當(dāng)于 a kind ofA plane is a machine that can fly.2一次提及某人某物，非特指A boy is waiting for you.3奏tk 號(hào)- 相當(dāng)于 every, oneWe study eight hours a day.4it/K 相同 相the sameWe are nearly of an age.5拜于人名前，表示不認(rèn)識(shí)此人或與某名人有類 以性質(zhì)的人或事A Mr. Smith came to visit you when you were out That boy is rather a Lei Feng.6甘于固定詞組中A

18、 couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time7用丁 quite, rather, many, half, what, such 之后This room is rather a big one.8拜于 so（as, too, how）+形谷詞之后She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.II .定冠詞的用法:1表示某一類人或物The horse is a useful animal.2用于世上獨(dú)f二的事物名詞前the universe, th

19、e moon, the Pacific Ocean3表示說話雙方都了解的或上文提到過的人或事Would you mind opening the door?4用于樂器前面play the violin, play the guitar5用于形容詞和分詞前表示一類人the reach, the living, the wounded6表示工家人”或夫婦”the Greens, the Wangs7用于序數(shù)詞和形容詞副詞比較級(jí)最高級(jí)前He is the taller of the two children.8修于國家黨派等以及江河湖海，山川群島的名詞前the United States, the

20、Communist Party of China, the French9用于表示發(fā)明物的單數(shù)名詞前The compass was invented in China.10在逢十的復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)詞之前，指世紀(jì)的某個(gè)年代in the 1990' s11by和計(jì)量單位之間要啟定旭:詞。I hired the car by the hour.12心方位名詞，身體部位名詞，及表示時(shí)間的詞組前He patted me on the shoulder.III .零冠詞的用法:1“有名詞，物質(zhì)名詞，抽象名詞，人名地名等名詞前Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air

21、2名詞前后 this, my, whose, some, no, each, every 等限制I want this book, not that one. / Whose purse is this?3季節(jié)，月份，星期，節(jié)假日，一日三餐前March, Sunday, National Day, spring4職位，身份，頭銜的名詞前Lincoln was made President of America.5學(xué)科，語言，球類，棋類名詞前He likes playing football/chess.6與by連用表示交通工具的名詞前by train, by air, by land7以and

22、連接的兩個(gè)相對(duì)的名詞并用時(shí)husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night8表示泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前Horses are useful animals.country既作國家講也作鄉(xiāng)村講。作鄉(xiāng)村講時(shí)，一定要加定冠詞，而且只有單數(shù)形式，作國家講時(shí)則可有復(fù)數(shù)形式英語中的習(xí)慣用法，如：bit by bit （逐漸）day after （by） day （一天又一天）day and night （日日夜夜）5face to face （面對(duì)面）hand in hand （手拉手）have a walk/a rest /a lookdo somebody a f

23、avour 幫某人忙have a cold （感冒）as a rule （照例）in the distance 為 “遠(yuǎn)方, 遠(yuǎn)處in the sun （在陽光下）in the same way （同樣）on the other hand （換句話說）中考英語考點(diǎn)歸納from A to Z （自始至終） shoulder by shoulder （肩并肩）in a hurry 匆匆忙忙 a number of =many have a headache 佚痛）from time to time （ 再三）make a face 作鬼臉have a good time （玩得好） have a

24、break=have a restat a distance 離開定品巨離in the morning/afternoon （上/下午）in the rain （雨中）in the end （最終）on the contrary （相反）in the day time （白天）in the shade （在陰涼處）名詞考點(diǎn)一：名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。記住以下各詞復(fù)數(shù)形式所代表的類型:life, hero, study, mouth, sheep, fish, toothbrush, a man teacher, boy students, twin brothers1 . The soldiers c

25、oming to help people in Yshu county are also 雄）in my mind.（高淳）2 .（wolf） belong to the dog family, living and hunting together.自下） 考點(diǎn)二：名詞的所有格記住以下所有格形式：Lily and Lucy ' s mother, Tom ' s and Mary' s bags, someone else ' s pencil雙重所有格：a friend of mine, some books of my father ' s表示時(shí)間

26、、距離、國家、城市等無生命的名詞，也可以在詞尾加-'構(gòu)成所有格。today ' s news, ten minutes ' walk/ride/drive, last year' s cards, Beijing ' s past and present1. After several（week） study, the American students found Chinese interesting to learn（建業(yè)B模）2. It is about ten 分鐘）walk from the centre of the city to my

27、school.虹寧模）考點(diǎn)三：復(fù)合形容詞中的名詞用單數(shù)an 8-year-old boy How amazing the noodle is!宏武）Yes, it is, and breaks the Guiness World Record as the longest handmade noodle.A. 1704-meter-longB. 1704-meters-longC. 1704 meter longD. 1704 meters long考點(diǎn)四：十二大不可數(shù)名詞：work, weather, food, fun, advice, traffic, music, informatio

28、n, news, knowledge, progress, furniture1. -unusual music he is playing! - Yss, all of the students are losing themselves in it.淳）A. WhatB. What anC. How a D. How2. The ORBIS doctors teach the locals new skills and 識(shí)）.（襟水）3. I have just moved into a new flat and I need to buy some（furniture）.（襟水）4. O

29、ur English teacher gave us many 健議）on the study of a foreign language.白下） 冠詞考點(diǎn)一：a/an的區(qū)別a用在輔音因素開頭的單詞前，an用在元音因素開頭的單詞前。提醒：與字母無關(guān)。以下字母前用 an： a, e, f, h, i, l, m, n, o, r, s, xan NBA star, a UFO, an ORBIS doctor, a UNICEF workerLin Shuhao, now NBA star, used to be a student of the Harvard University臼下）A.

30、aB. theC. anD. /數(shù)字 8,11 前用 an。an 8-year-old boy, a 110-word letter首字母不發(fā)音的單詞：hour, honest an hour, an honest boyDo you know man on TV? - Yes, he is honest person高淳一模）中考專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)（一）名詞、冠詞A. a; anB. an; theC. the; anD. the; a以 u 開頭的單t如果發(fā) Zju:Z,則用 a。 a university, a useful book, an umbrella, an uncle 1. - Kob

31、e Bryant is unusual basketball player.（六合一模）So he is. He plays basketball very well.A. an; / B. an; the C. a; theD. a; Z2. What do you want to be when you grow up, Eric?（江寧一模）I want to be university professor. That' s my dream.A. a B. an C. the D. 考點(diǎn)二：the, a區(qū)別。the是特指，a是泛指。Can you remember when M

32、r. Green left city?玄武）Sorry, I can ' t. I only remember it was Monday.A. the; aB. the; theC. a; a D. a; Z考點(diǎn)三：“a+匕較級(jí)+名詞”，表示 個(gè)更的”Seeing from the top of Yjhuatai, we will have better view.雨花一模）A. aB. anC. theD. Z考點(diǎn)四：“the此較級(jí)”特指兩者中 更: 一般與of the two連用。Of the two sisters, Lucy is one, and she is also t

33、he one who loves to be quiets（淳）A. a younger B. a youngest C. the younger D. the youngest考點(diǎn)五：零冠詞名詞前已有指示代詞，物主代詞，不定代詞或名詞所有格等修飾語時(shí)，用零冠詞。一I can't believe I failed yesterday' s testlWhOttsh all I do?（Don' t worry. I am sure you can make it if youork harder.A. aB. anC. theD.不填三餐、球類、學(xué)科前。What do

34、you usually have for breakfast, Mr. Green?范寧）Two pieces of bread and a glass of milk.A. aB. anC. theD.不填與by連用的交通工具名詞前。提醒：by sea乘船by the sea在海邊A） 62. well-knownZ famousZ great 63.191264. architecture 65. pay 66. shared67. peaceful 68. strong 69. same 70. until 71. threeZ 3B） 72. few 73. enough 74. an

35、other 75. why 76. explained 77. me78. able 79. present 80. with 81. grew專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)題鞏固中考專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)（一）一一名詞、冠詞) L It takes us hour or more to go to my hoae tom by train.A. an: a3. a; anC. an: /D. a; /)2* - In vhich clajs is bojr in white? He* s in Cl&£s 4.A. theB. anC. anD. /)3- - By the vnyf h.ttve you g

36、ot E-aail address?-Ohit' s rccrent hctoail, cchuA. theB. anC, aD. /) 4. Have you seen such big ? M a toeiatc B, tomatoC, toaatoes D. too&t&a) B. Several e talkie片 under tht tree. And their9STiming in theA. wosan; children 氏 vouan; child )6. * What would you like,Mfidam?"L' d lik

37、e please.上 two battles of arengeC. two bottle of craAges)7. The little baby hu two A. tooth& toothsCh voaen; chi1dren D* vunen; child8. Two bottLes of crinfe-sD. bottl« of orange sady.C* toothD* ths) &. - Which of Sh£nghai do you come from?Let me she* you on the tn”，配 cityB. villaj

38、eC, countryD. prt)9. "What do you lik« b«st?w -Ksotball. *A., foodB. subjectC.D* nufiie)10. MtQUt film? vere shown duxi口g the 5th Shmgh-ai Internatipnal Film Festival,A. two hundred of B. t»o hundreds of C* t»o hundred D. tvo hundreds)IL This is an old photo of &ine when

39、 I .A. kave short hairs B. had short hairs C. have short hair D. had shorthair)12. More college graduates would like to work in Test part of aurtountry nett year.k the; theB. /; /C. /; theD. the; f)13. Can you see eui) in the daytine?A. bB. theC. anD. /)14. The singer usu.ally sings vhile pleying gu

40、itar, A. bB. anC. theD. / IS. V ve got inforniation for al 1 the cooputersB. anC, the16.It would bewaste of money to buy such a small dictionary.B. anC. the口. /)17. good ncvs -e' r* got!A- Vhflt 4B. Hen aC. WhatD. Kot)1£. Because of the unheal thy di et( many peopl e in Africa die at early

41、from terrible illnesses.乩 theB. /C* eiD. an)19. How scon shall we start the bicycle trip?,A- In five dayR s tineB. In five days' tineC. In five days tioeD. For five dafs()20. I di>firt think nen and *oim力 ar電 equal in_ countryside at present.乩thuB. /C. ab. ui()21. Th&re1s uabrella behind the door*乩theB. /C. aD. an()22.vent to Japan y«terd&v;乩 The White' s B. The Whites C, The Thite D, The Thite f