高鉻鑄鐵 High chromium cast iron 中英文對照

1、高鉻鑄鐵High chromium cast iron高鉻鑄鐵是高鉻白口抗磨鑄鐵的簡稱，是一種性能優(yōu)良而受到特別重視的抗磨材料。它以比合金鋼高得多的耐磨性，和比一般白口鑄鐵高得多的韌性、強(qiáng)度，同時(shí)它還兼有良好的抗高溫和抗腐蝕性能，加之生產(chǎn)便捷、成本適中，而被譽(yù)為當(dāng)代最優(yōu)良的抗磨料磨損材料之一。高鉻鑄鐵屬金屬耐磨材料、抗磨鑄鐵類鉻系抗磨鑄鐵的一個(gè)重要分支，是繼普通白口鑄鐵、鎳硬鑄鐵而發(fā)展起來的第三代白口鑄鐵。早在1917年就出現(xiàn)了第一個(gè)高鉻鑄鐵專利。高鉻鑄鐵一般泛指含Cr量在11-30%之間，含C量在2.0-3.6%之間的合金白口鑄鐵。High chromium cast iron is of

2、high chromium white cast irons for short, is an excellent performance and highly wear resistant material. Its wear resistance is much higher than the alloy steel, and much higher than the general white cast iron toughness, strength, and it also has good resistance to high temperature and corrosion r

3、esistance, and convenient manufacture, low cost, and is regarded as the most excellent abrasive resistant materials.An important branch of high chromium cast iron metal wear resistant materials, antiwear cast iron chromium wear resistant cast iron, is the third generation of white cast iron after th

4、e general white cast iron, Ni hard cast iron and developed. As early as in 1917, the first high chromium cast iron patent. High chromium cast iron generally refers to the content of Cr in 11-30%, C content in 2.0-3.6% alloy white cast iron.美國高鉻鑄鐵執(zhí)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為ASTMA532M，英國為BS4844，德國為DIN1695，法國為NFA32401。俄羅斯在前蘇

5、聯(lián)時(shí)期曾研制了12-15%Cr、3-5.5%Mn，壁厚達(dá)200mm的球磨機(jī)襯板，現(xiàn)執(zhí)行OCT7769標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。特別值得一提的是在近一個(gè)世紀(jì)里，曾為抗磨白口鑄鐵做出了卓越貢獻(xiàn)的美國克萊梅克斯（Climax）鉬業(yè)公司。1928年該公司首先發(fā)明了鎳硬鑄鐵，把抗磨鑄鐵科技推向了一個(gè)空前高度。1974年為紀(jì)念國際GIFA，在杜賽爾多夫展覽會上展示了名為“神秘1號”和“神秘2號”。即經(jīng)典的高鉻抗磨鑄鐵153（Cr15Mo3）和1521（Cr15Mo2Cu），現(xiàn)如今克萊梅克斯公司執(zhí)行高鉻鑄鐵標(biāo)準(zhǔn)如下，The implementation of standards American high chromium c

6、ast iron, ASTMA532M, British BS4844, German DIN1695, French NFA32401. Russia in the former Soviet Union had developed 12-15%Cr, 3-5.5%Mn, wall thickness of 200mm ball mill lining board, the executive OCT7769 standard. It is particularly worth mentioning is in nearly a century, has made the remarkabl

7、e contribution for the wear resistant white cast iron American clay Mexes (Climax) molybdenum industry company. In 1928 the company invented the first Ni hard cast iron, the abrasion resistant cast iron technology to an unprecedented height. In 1974 to commemorate the international GIFA, in Duesseld

8、orf exhibition called "mysterious No. 1" and "mysterious No. 2". High chromium iron is the classic 153 (Cr15Mo3) and 1521 (Cr15Mo2Cu), now the clay Mexes executive high chromium cast iron standard as follows:用途: 在采礦、水泥、電力、筑路機(jī)械、耐火材料等方面應(yīng)用十分廣泛，常見于襯板，錘頭，磨球材質(zhì)。Uses: in the mining, ceme

9、nt, electricity, road machinery, refractory material has been widely used, common in the lining plate, hammer, grinding ball material.高鉻鑄鐵熱處理工藝化學(xué)成分:C2.05，Si1.40，Mn0.78，Cr20.03，Ni0.81，Mo0.35常用的高鉻鑄鐵的熱處理工藝是加熱到9501000，經(jīng)保溫空冷淬火后再進(jìn)行 200260的低溫回火。2、高溫團(tuán)球化處理11401180保溫16h空冷卻，可以明顯提高沖擊韌度和耐磨性能。高溫團(tuán)球化處理可使碳化物全部呈團(tuán)球狀，可

10、消除或減少大塊狀和連續(xù)網(wǎng)狀碳 化物對基體的隔裂作用，經(jīng)團(tuán)球化的碳化物受到更加均勻的基體支撐，特別受到一定數(shù)量的奧氏體的支撐。如果適當(dāng)減少保溫時(shí)間，對薄截面零件也可以取得效果。該工藝的不足是工藝消耗熱能較多。加熱到1050，經(jīng)保溫空淬火后再進(jìn)行 550的回火,效果會怎么樣?要控制加熱速度，最好在650 750 850 時(shí)保溫一定時(shí)間。我以前做過，正火就可以了。硬度能做到61-65HRC成熟工藝是：鑄造后軟化退火，便于加工，加工后空冷淬火加低溫去應(yīng)力回火。使用硬度一般要求為HRC58-62，多用于比如渣漿泵零部件等耐磨易損件。我們這里是高鉻生產(chǎn)基地，一般提供Cr20、Cr24，Cr26，Cr28，

11、Cr15Mo3等，價(jià)格是不便宜的。 要包括中間的軟化退火和精加后的淬火及回火。 要求硬度HRC>58我們現(xiàn)在用的是淬火液淬火，淬火工藝參數(shù)是：650度保溫2小時(shí)，升溫到960度保溫3.5小時(shí)淬火；回火溫度380400，保溫46小時(shí)。磨球規(guī)格40-80。工藝是1050淬火+250350回火。Heat treatment of high chromium cast ironChemical composition: C2.05, Si1.40, Mn0.78, Cr20.03, Ni0.81, heat treatment process of Mo0.35 common high chro

12、mium cast iron is heated to a temperature of 9501000 , 200260 low temperature tempering heat air quenched after the. 2, the high temperature spheroidization of 11401180 16h air cooling, can significantly improve the impact toughness and wear resistance. High temperature spheroidization of carbides c

13、an make all showed nodular, can eliminate or reduce the massive and continuous network of carbon compounds on the substrate cleavage, the spheroidization of carbides was more homogeneous matrix support, particularly by a certain amount of austenite support. If appropriate to reduce the holding time,

14、 the thin section parts can also be achieved effect. This process is process consumes more heat. Heated to 1050 , 550 heat air quenching and tempering, the outcome will be? To control the heating speed, the best heat preservation time in 650750850. I have done before, normalizing can. Hardness can d

15、o 61-65HRC maturation process is: annealing, softening after casting machining, machining of air cooling after quenching and low temperature stress tempering. The use of hardness of the general requirements for HRC58-62, such as multi for slurry pump parts wearing parts wear. Here is the high chromi

16、um production base, generally provide Cr20, Cr24, Cr26, Cr28, Cr15Mo3 and so on, the price is not cheap. To include the quenching and tempering intermediate softening annealing and finishing after. We now use the hardness of HRC>58 is quenched liquid quenching, quenching process parameters are: 6

17、50 degrees for 2 hours, up to 960 degree 3.5 hours holding quenching; tempering temperature of 380400, heat 46 hours. Specification of grinding balls of 40- 80. Process is +250350 1050 quenching temperin高鉻鑄鐵生產(chǎn)工藝要點(diǎn) (1) 高鉻鑄鐵鑄造性能較差， 其熱導(dǎo)率低， 塑性差， 收縮量大， 且有大的熱裂和冷裂傾向， 在鑄造工藝上要將鑄鋼和鑄鐵的特點(diǎn)結(jié)合起來考慮， 必須充分注意鑄件的補(bǔ)縮問題，

18、其原則與鑄鋼件相同( 采用冒口和冷鐵， 且遵循順序凝固原理) 。由于合金中鉻含量高， 易在鐵液表面結(jié)膜，所以看起來鐵液流動(dòng)性差， 但實(shí)際上流動(dòng)性較好。 (2) 造型宜采用水玻璃硅砂等強(qiáng)度高且透氣性好的砂型， 涂料應(yīng)采用耐火度高的高鋁粉或鎂粉與酒精混合拌制。另外， 為獲得細(xì)晶粒組織和好的表面質(zhì)量， 在鑄件外形不太復(fù)雜的情況下， 金屬型鑄造也被廣泛采用。 (3) 高鉻鑄鐵的收縮量與鑄鋼相近， 模樣制作上其線收縮率可按1. 8 % 2 % 進(jìn)行計(jì)算。在砂型制作上， 其冒口大小可按碳鋼的規(guī)定進(jìn)行計(jì)算， 而澆注系統(tǒng)則按灰鑄鐵計(jì)算， 但需把各截面積增加20 % 30 % 。澆冒口的選擇應(yīng)注意兩個(gè)方面: 一

19、是要保證鑄件工作帶( 使用部位) 的質(zhì)量; 二是要盡量提高鑄件的成品率。 (4) 由于高鉻鑄件的冒口不易切除， 因此造型時(shí)在冒口形式上宜采用側(cè)冒口或易割冒口。 (5) 在具體零件的鑄造工藝設(shè)計(jì)上， 要注意不能讓鑄件出現(xiàn)受阻收縮， 以免造成開裂。另外， 澆注后開箱溫度過高也極易造成鑄件開裂， 540 以下的緩冷是十分必要的， 應(yīng)使鑄件在鑄型中充分冷卻， 然后再開箱清砂， 或開箱后先勿清砂而堆在一起( 鑄件、澆冒系統(tǒng)等) 圍干砂緩冷。開箱周圍環(huán)境必須保持干燥， 不得潮濕有水， 否則極易造成鑄件裂紋。 (6) 澆注溫度要低， 有利于細(xì)化樹枝晶和共晶組織， 而且可避免出現(xiàn)因溫度過高而造成的收縮過大及表

20、面粘砂等缺陷。澆注溫度一般比其液相線( 1290 1350 ) 高55 左右， 輕小件一般控制在1380 1420 ，壁厚100mm以上的厚重件控制在1350 1400 。The production process of high chromium cast iron(1) high chromium cast iron casting performance is poor, its low thermal conductivity, low plasticity, shrinkage, and a large hot crack and cold cracking tendency, w

21、ill feature a combination of cast steel and cast iron in casting process, full attention must be paid to the problem of feeding the casting, its principle and cast steel parts the same (the risers and chills, and follow the sequence solidification principle). The chromium content in the alloy is hig

22、h, easy in liquid iron surface film, so the liquid iron poor liquidity, but liquidity is better.(2) other should use the water glass sand, high strength and good air permeability of sand, paint should be used high refractoriness of high aluminum or magnesium powder and alcohol mixing. In addition, t

23、o obtain fine grain microstructure and surface quality of the casting, the shape is not too complex, the metal mold casting is also widely used.(3) shrinkage of high chromium cast iron and cast steel look similar, making its line shrinkage rate may be 1.8% 2% calculated. In the sand production, the

24、riser size according to the provisions of the calculation of carbon steel, gray cast iron and pouring system according to the calculation, but the cross-sectional area increased by 20% 30%. The riser choice should pay attention to two aspects: one is to ensure casting work belt (position) quality; t

25、wo is to improve casting yield.(4) due to the high chromium casting riser is not easy to be removed, thus modeling in riser form should use side riser or riser.(5) in the casting process design of specific parts, be careful not to let the casting has hindered contraction, so as to avoid cracking. In addition, after pouring out of the b