仁愛(ài)英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)(下冊(cè))_語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)試題練習(xí)

1、.WORD.格式.仁愛(ài)英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)下冊(cè)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)練習(xí),系動(dòng)詞及用法。大多數(shù)聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞后面接形容詞，seem后還可接不定式,be后可接副詞、名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)等。聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞和后面的表語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成句子的謂語(yǔ)。初中階段常見(jiàn)的聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞有be , look（看起來(lái)），seem （似乎，好像），feel（感覺(jué)，感到），sound（聽(tīng)起來(lái)），smell （聞起來(lái)），taste（嘗起來(lái)），get（變），become儻得，成為），turn（變），go （變），grow（變），等。 表示 變化的系動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別：天氣變化用get;顏色的變化用turn;由好變壞用go;逐漸變化用 grow;好變壞、壞變好用become或get;成為

2、用become.翻譯下列句型：1 . 這朵花聞起來(lái)很香（sweet2 . 這種食物嘗起來(lái)是可口的（delicious ） 3 .她似乎很擔(dān)心。4 .她感到煩惱。5 .這首歌聽(tīng)起來(lái)很優(yōu)美。6 .樹(shù)木變得越來(lái)越綠。7 .我感到失望。8 . 天氣變得越來(lái)越暖和。,狀語(yǔ)從句二，狀語(yǔ)從句種類(lèi)連接詞| 注意就,時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)when,while? before, after.untilf as soon as,主句表示將來(lái)意義時(shí)，從句須用一般現(xiàn) 在時(shí)：while引導(dǎo)的從句中動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性 的;until用在肯定句中主句動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性的, 而否定句中主句動(dòng)詞為短暫性的口地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)where.原因狀語(yǔ)because.

3、 a& since?because語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，since較弱,表示大家都明了的原因，蹈又次之。條件狀語(yǔ)if, unless, as long 購(gòu)從句中動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)不可用將來(lái)時(shí)，常用一般時(shí)代替目的狀語(yǔ)so that, in order that,so that 和 in order that 后常接 m以，should, couiq would等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)so,tha, such. that1. He took off his coat he felt hot. A. because B. as C. if D. since2. It is thatwe' d like to g

4、o out for a walk.A. a lovely day B. too lovely a day C. so lovely a day D. such lovely a day3. Mary had much work to do that she wasbusy all day. A. such B. so C. too D. very3.1 felt very tired, I tried to finish the work. A. Although B. B ecause C. As D. As if 15.the day went on, the weather got wo

5、rse.A. With B. Since C. While D. As6 .well you can drive, you must drive carefully.A. So long as B. In order that C. No matter how D. The moment7 . Write to me as soon as you to Beijing. A. will get B. get C.getting D. got1 .布魯斯太太對(duì)學(xué)生非常親切，以至于學(xué)生都很喜歡她。Mrs Bruce was kind to her students they all her ver

6、y much .2 .只要我們竭盡全力，父母就會(huì)滿(mǎn)意我們的表現(xiàn)。Our parents will be pleased with our performance we tryour best.3 .你一到上海就給我打個(gè)電話(huà)好嗎？W川 you please call me you get to Shanghai.4 .雖然她很忙，她還堅(jiān)持自學(xué)英語(yǔ)。, she kept on learning English by herself.5 .他長(zhǎng)大后想當(dāng)一名老師。He wants to be a teacher.6如果人人為保護(hù)環(huán)境做出貢獻(xiàn)，世界將會(huì)變得更美好。to protecting the en

7、vironment, the world will become much more beautiful.7 .李明昨天沒(méi)來(lái)上學(xué)，因?yàn)樗×恕i Ming didn，t come to school、賓語(yǔ)從句1 .賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞賓語(yǔ)從句是一種主從復(fù)合句，在句中作及物動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ)。根據(jù)賓語(yǔ)從句原先(做賓語(yǔ)之前)的句式，我們把賓語(yǔ)從句分為三類(lèi)。1) .賓語(yǔ)從句原先是陳述句的，由that連接。that只有語(yǔ)法作用，沒(méi)有實(shí)在的意義，可 省略。He said. He wanted to stay at home. He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.

8、She doesn' t know. She is seriously ill. Shedoesn' t knowI am sure . He w川 succeed. I am sure .2) .賓語(yǔ)從句原先是特殊疑問(wèn)句的，由其本身疑問(wèn)詞連接。連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which 和連接副詞 when, where, why, how 。這些連接代詞和連接副詞在賓語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)某個(gè)成分。例如：Do you know ? Who (whom) are they waiting for?Do you know who (whom) they are w

9、aiting for?I don ' t know.Can you tell me? Where is the No.3 bus stop ? Why is the train late?3) .賓語(yǔ)從句原先是一般疑問(wèn)句的，由if或whether 0 If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。I want to know. Does he live there?I want to know if he lives there?He asked me. Was there a book store on Center Street? 2 .賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序應(yīng)為陳述句(主謂式

10、)的語(yǔ)序。例如：I hear (that) physics isn ' t easy.I think (that) you will like this school soon. Can you tell me how Ican get to zoo?Please tell me when we ' ll have the meeting.3 .賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)1）如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句該用什么時(shí)態(tài)就用什么時(shí)態(tài)。如：I don' t think （that） you are right. Please tell us where he is.Can you

11、tell me how I can get to the railway station?2）如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句只能用相應(yīng)過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)（一般過(guò)去時(shí)，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)， 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，過(guò)去完成時(shí)）。例如：He asked what time it was.He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.He asked if you had written to Peter.He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.3）如果賓語(yǔ)從句所陳述的是客觀真理，其時(shí)態(tài)常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例Our

12、 teacher said that January is the first month of the year.Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.賓語(yǔ)從句的口訣：學(xué)習(xí)賓從要注意，時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)序和連詞。時(shí)態(tài)主從要呼應(yīng)：主句若為現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)隨句意。主句若為過(guò)去時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)變過(guò)去。賓從所示表真理，時(shí)態(tài)不變不懷疑。語(yǔ)序要用陳述序，切莫照搬疑問(wèn)句。 That連接陳述句，省與不省要注意。 從句若表”是 否”時(shí)，if/whether 要牢記。 特殊問(wèn)句做賓語(yǔ)，仍用原來(lái)疑問(wèn)詞。 三個(gè)問(wèn)題要記牢，切 莫丟東又往西。（ ）1.

13、They want to know do to help us.A. what they can B. how they can C. how can they D. what can they( )2. His teacher he bright and he was worth teachingA. didn ' t think; was; that B. thought was; whetherC. didn' t think; was; x D .thought; wasnt; x( )3. we' ll go camping tomorrow depends

14、on the weather.A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where學(xué)習(xí)賓語(yǔ)從句要抓住三要素：連接詞、語(yǔ)序和時(shí)態(tài)。1.引導(dǎo)詞1 .從句為陳述句，常選擇引導(dǎo)詞that或?qū)hat省略，直接與主句相連。2 .從句為一般疑問(wèn)句，常選擇if或whether。在whetheror not 結(jié)構(gòu)中不能用if 替 換。3 .從句為特殊疑問(wèn)句，常選擇 what, when, where, which, who, how等的疑問(wèn)代、副詞作引導(dǎo)詞。注意：當(dāng)who為主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句式為：who+胃語(yǔ)+其他4 .判斷時(shí)態(tài)情況1 .主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句為各種時(shí)態(tài)情況。2 .主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句為各種相

15、應(yīng)過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)注意；描繪客觀事實(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。()1. The teacher told the children that the sun round. A. was B. isC. were D. are( )2. I believe that our team the basketball match. A. win B. won C. will win D. wins( ) 3. I don't know to visit the old man. A. whether B. if C. that D. who3.賓語(yǔ)從句的用法1. that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句無(wú)意義，不充當(dāng)句子成分常省

16、略。但下列情況除外：(1) .介詞賓語(yǔ)從句的that不省略(2) . and連接的幾個(gè)從句，第二個(gè)從句以后的從句的that不省略。He told me (that) he had two sons and that they both had gone to college .(3) .在動(dòng)詞+it+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)從句2構(gòu)中，that不省略。I heard it said that he had gone abroadWe found it impossible that he could finish it in such a short time2 .Whether,if引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句：兩

17、詞可互換，但是下列情形除外：(1)whether 從句中有 or not (2)介詞后用 whether.Eerything depends on whether you agree with us3 .賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序要用陳述句語(yǔ)序錯(cuò)：He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.正：He is wondering finish this difficult job.4帶有賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。即否定前移。錯(cuò)：I think hedoesn' t like the English teacher.正:I

18、think he the English teacher.5.主句一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，從句也要用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)；即主過(guò)從過(guò)。錯(cuò)：He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner.正:He wanted to know crying in the corner.賓語(yǔ)從句從下列A、B、C、D中選擇一個(gè)正確選項(xiàng)填空。1. I don't know he will come tomorrow.he comes, I'll tellyou .A. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If

19、2. I don't know the day after tomorrow.A. when does he come B. how will he come C. if he comes D .whether he'll come3. Could you tell me the nearest hospital is?A. what B. how C. whether D. where4. Could you tell me the radio without any help?A. how did he mend B. what did he mend C. how he

20、mended D. w hat he mended5. I want to know.A. whom is she looking afterB. whom she is looking C. whom is she lookingD. whom she is looking after6. Do you know where now?A. he lives B. does he live C. he lived D. did he live7. Do you know what time?A. the train leave B. does the train leave C. will t

21、he train leave D. t he train leaves8. I don't know. Can you tell me, please?A. how the two players are oldB. how old are the two playersC. the two players are how oldD. how old the two players are9. The small children don't know.A. what is their stockings in B. what is in their stockingsC. w

22、here is their stockings in D. what in their stockings10. I can't understand.A. what does Christmas meanB. what Christmas does meanC. what mean Christmas doesD. what Christmas means11. 按要求轉(zhuǎn)換句型。1. Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in China? Could you tell us?（改寫(xiě)句子）Could you tell us Mr. Brown living in C

23、hina?2. "Does the girl need any help? ” he asked me.（變?yōu)閺?fù)合旬）He asked me the girl some help .3. Jim is not a student. Tom is not a student, either.（合并為一個(gè)句子）Jim Tom is a student.4. When does the train leave? I want to know.（改為含賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句）I want to know the train.5. They went home after they had fini

24、shed their homework.（用 not. . until 改寫(xiě)）They go home they had finished their homework.6. Did Peter come here yesterday? Li Lei wants to know.（改為含賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句）Li Lei wants to know Peter here yesterday.賓語(yǔ)從句專(zhuān)項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練參考答案：I. 1 5DDDCD 6- 10ADDBD II. 1. if /whether; enjoys2. if/whether; needed 3. Neither; nor 4. wh

25、en; leaves 5. didn't; until6. whether; came四，形容詞和副詞比較等級(jí)：21.In China families are becoming with children.A, small, few B, smaller, fewer C, smallest, fewest D, smaller, le ss22 .Why does she look so? Did she hail in the exam again?A, interested B, exciting C, unhappy D, surprised23 .The boss trie

26、d to finish the work with money and people.A, less, fewer B, fewer, few C, few, less, D, little, less24 .Mike went to school today because he felt.A, enough well B, good enough C, enough good D, well enough25.1 ' m sorry I' m late. There is with my bike.A, anything wrong B, something wrong C

27、, wrong anything D, wrong somethin g26 .What' s the matter with Tom? He looks.A, unhappy B, hungrily C, sadly D, happily27 .Now Mr. Brown drives much than he did two years ago.A, careful B, carefully C, more careful D, more carefully28.Is there in today' s newspaper?A, something new B, new s

28、omething C, any new things D, anything new 29.Which is, cotton, wood or iron?A, heavier B, heaviest C, the heaviest D, the most heaviest30.In my opinion, Tim doesn' t write English his sister.A, as clear as B, so clear as C, more clearly as D, as clearly as31 .A: Is there in today' s newspap

29、er?B: Yes.A, anything important B, any important thing C, important anything D, any things important32 .He spoke for everyone in the class to hear.A, enough loud B, loud enough C, louder enough D, enough louder 33.Your idea sounds much than his.A, interesting B, interested C, more interesting D, mor

30、e intereste d34 . Ships come and go on the river boats.A, as noisy as B, noisier than C, as noisily as D, much noisily than35 .The train travels at top speed. The underlined part means.A, the best B, the tallest C, the fastest D, the farthest詞性變換：1.1 'm afraid that I can't afford (負(fù)擔(dān))such an

31、 cell phone. (expense)2 .Dogs can help blind people walk across the street. (safe)3 .Please read the test paper before you do it. (careful)4 .There are than 200 passengers on his plane. (much)5 .Here is a present for your birthday. (love)6 .He is not as to us as his sister. (friend)7 .You helped me

32、a lot. Thank you very much indeed. (real)8 .The little girl was so when she saw the traffic accident. (frighten)形容詞、副詞參考答案 21-30 BCADB ADDCD 31-35 ABCCC 詞性變換：1.expensive 2.safely 3.carefully 4.more 5.lovely 6.friendly 7.really 8.frightened五，動(dòng)詞不定式基本形式：to+動(dòng)詞原形(肯定形式)Not to+ 動(dòng)詞原形(否定形式)特征：沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化。常用句型：

33、It ' s + adj (+ for sb ) + to do sth. Too+ adj + to do sth.動(dòng)詞不定式可以跟疑問(wèn)詞連用。例如.I don ' t know what to do how to do it.1. What do you want(be) when you grow up?2. The police officer told the boys(not play) soccer on the road.3. Tony asked his grandpa(give) him a toy car for his birt hday.4. He d

34、ecided(make) decisions by himself from now on.5. The workers plan(build) the bridge in two years.6. I am really sorry(hear) that.7. Would you like something(drink)?8. His brother taught him(play) basketball.9. Li Yang advised me (not drink ) too much.10. You need(see)a doctor when you have headaches

35、 often.六，常用的表達(dá)方式1,關(guān)于花費(fèi)：Sth.cost sb.+ 錢(qián)Sb. spend+ 時(shí)錢(qián) in 、時(shí) to do sth. Sb.pay 錢(qián) for sth.1. I'm interested in animals,so I every saturday working in an animal hospital .A. Pay B. cost C. take D. spend2. They spend too much time the report.A. writing B. to write C. on writing D. write3. -What beauti

36、ful shoes you ' re wearing! They must be expensive . -No , they only l0 yuan.A. spent B . took C . paid D . cost4. -W川 you please for my dinner Peter? -Sure! A. spend B. payC. cost D.take5. It will me too much time to read this book. A. take B. cost C.spend D.pay6. This science book _ me a great

37、 amount of money. A. took B.cost Cused D.spent7. -Do you often get online?-Yes, I lots of time on it.It ' s a good way to kill time. A. cost8. spend C.take D. pay2,特殊疑問(wèn)詞+不定式。（what to dohow to do it ）3,表示方位的介詞區(qū)別In the + 方位名詞+ of 指某一范圍內(nèi)的地區(qū)。（中國(guó)，北京） to the + 方位名詞+ of 指互不接壤互不管轄的地區(qū)。（中國(guó)，日本）on the + 方位名

38、詞+of 相互 接壤但互不管轄的地區(qū)。（中國(guó)，尼泊爾）（）1 The United States is the south of Canada and the east of Japan.A. to; in B. on; to C. in; beside D. at; on()2 The man stood the window, watching the boys playing outside. A.in B. by C. to()3 Japan lies the east of China. A. on B/to C. in D. with4,目的狀語(yǔ)從句。(同結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句)Sothat

39、引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句。So + adj. / adv. +that 、so + adj. + an/a + 名 詞單數(shù) + that 如止匕以至于 用于引導(dǎo)主句導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果。Such +n. + that. 從句。同樣表示 如此以至于。不同：so后面接形容詞或副詞，such后面接名詞。So that.引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，表示因此、所以。1 .她是如此的疲憊，以致于很快就睡著了。She was she quickly.2 .這是一本非常有趣的小說(shuō)，以致于我讀了三遍。It was novel that read it three times.3 . 他 跑 得 非 常 快， 沒(méi) 人 能 追 上 他。 He

40、runs nobody can catch up with him.4 .瑪麗有如此多的工作要做，以致于她整天呆在辦公室。Mary had to do that she stayed at her office all day.5 .Pop music is such an important part of society it has even influenced our language.A. as B. that C. which D. where6. His plan was such a good one we all agreed to accept it. A. as B.t

41、hat C. so D. and7. The book was written in easy English even students could understand it.A. so; that B. such; that C. too; to D. very; t hat8. Zhou Libo is good at making people laugh. His lively shows were hotthat tickets soldout in minutes. A. very B. too C. such D. so1形容詞、副詞的比較等級(jí).1 .原級(jí)：表示 A與B在某方

42、面相同。as - as- -,not as/so as .注意：not as / so as = less than 不及；不如.less+ 原形，否定的比較級(jí).eg. This book isn ' t as interesting as that one=This book is that one.=That book is this one.2 .比較級(jí)：兩者進(jìn)行比較(常與than連用)Which is useful, this one or that one?哪本書(shū)更有趣，這本還是那本?3 .最高級(jí)：三者(或三者以上)進(jìn)行比較(常與表范圍的in , of短語(yǔ)連用)1)Shang

43、hai is the(big) city in China.2)He runs(fast) in our class.3)He is the(tall) of the three boys.4 .形、副比較等級(jí)的其他用法1） “比較級(jí)and比較級(jí)” 表示“越來(lái)越”lazier and lazier越來(lái)越懶.注意：多音節(jié)詞用此結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)應(yīng)為 more and more + （形、副）.more and more beautiful 越來(lái) 越漂亮2） “the比較級(jí)，the比較級(jí)” “越，越” you are,you will get.你越懶，收獲越少。注意：the后是用形容詞還是副詞。你越細(xì)心。Th

44、e more you are. =The more you do.3） “the 比較級(jí) of + 二者”“二者中較的一個(gè)" Lucy is the（young） of thetwins.4）表示二者相差多少用“具體數(shù)量+比較級(jí)”他比我高一個(gè)頭。He' s a than me.My brother is than me.（ 大兩歲）5）表示“是幾倍”時(shí)用 “ twice; three times 等 + as as”This book as as that one. 這本書(shū)的價(jià)錢(qián)是那本書(shū)的兩倍。He has as books as I have他擁有的書(shū)是我擁有的四倍。6）區(qū)

45、另1J older / elder與 farther / furtherolder （年齡較老的）elder（指兄弟姐妹中排行在前的）eg. My brother is than me.farther （指距離“較遠(yuǎn)的" ）further（指抽象事物的“更進(jìn)一步的”） 1)He went abroad for studies.2)Beijing is from our hometown than Chongqing.形、副比較等級(jí)還應(yīng)注意1 .比較級(jí)前用 a little 一點(diǎn)兒；much/ a lot ; even / still ,表示“； 得多； 更.1) a little b

46、igger大一點(diǎn)兒2)much more 多得多3)even heavier 更重但注意：不能在比較級(jí)前加so; too; very; quite 等。這些詞用在原形前。2 .比較級(jí)必須是同類(lèi)事物相比(即 as; than后的詞應(yīng)與主語(yǔ)是The同類(lèi)事物)，注意常用漏的代詞有：that; those; one; ones 。My hair is longer than(she)The silk or woolen scarves feel softer than made of cotton.3 .個(gè)體與整體相比，不能包括個(gè)體，常用“ any other + 單數(shù)名詞”來(lái)進(jìn)行比較。1) Bett

47、y(是個(gè)體)is cleverer than any student in her class(是整體).(x )正：Betty is cleverer than student in her class.=Betty is cleverer than ()students in her class.=Betty is cleverer than in her class.is clever than Betty.=Betty is the in her class.2)China is bigger than in Africa.中國(guó)比非洲的任何一個(gè)國(guó)家都大。3) China is bigg

48、er thanin Asia.中國(guó)比亞洲任何一個(gè)其.專(zhuān)業(yè)資料整理分享.他國(guó)家大*4.使用最高級(jí)時(shí)應(yīng)把主語(yǔ)包括在范圍內(nèi)Mary is the tallest of all her sisters.(x) (all her sisters已排除了 Mary)改： Mary is the tallest of all the sisters.5.表示“第二、第三”時(shí)，可在最高級(jí)前加“ second , third, ”(但“第一”可以省略用 first ) Yellow River is the river in China,2句子分析、句子成分（一）句子成分的定義：有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有

49、主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)；次要成分有表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和 。（二）主語(yǔ)：主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首。Smoking does harm to the health. （動(dòng)名詞）It is necessary to master a foreign language. （it 作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)為后面的 不定式）（三）謂語(yǔ)：謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語(yǔ)，一般放在主語(yǔ)之后。謂語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成如下：1、簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)：由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如： He practices running every morning.2、復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)：（1）由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原

50、形構(gòu)成。如： You maykeep the book fortwo weeks. （2）由系動(dòng)詞加表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如： We are students.（四）表語(yǔ)：表語(yǔ)用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份、特征和狀態(tài)，它一般位于系動(dòng)詞（如 be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem 等）之后。His job is to teach English. （不定式）（五）賓語(yǔ)：賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛(ài)者，一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。He pretended not to see me.（不定式短語(yǔ)）賓語(yǔ)種類(lèi)：（1）雙賓語(yǔ)（間接賓語(yǔ)+ 直接賓語(yǔ)），例如：Lend me your dict

51、ionary, please.（2）復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ) + 賓補(bǔ)）,例如：They made him their monitor.（六）賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：英語(yǔ)中有些及物動(dòng)詞，除有一個(gè)直接賓語(yǔ)以外，還要有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的一般句型為：某些及物動(dòng)詞（如make等+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)）,例如： His father named him Dongming. （名詞）（七）定語(yǔ)：修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或從句稱(chēng)為定語(yǔ)。定語(yǔ)可由以下等成分表示：Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom. （不定式短語(yǔ)）（八）狀語(yǔ)：修飾動(dòng)詞、

52、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀狀語(yǔ)種類(lèi)如下：1 How about meeting again at six? （l犬語(yǔ)）2 Last night she didn't go to the dance party because of the rain. （1犬 語(yǔ)）3 I shall go there if it doesn't rain. （犬語(yǔ)）4 Mr Smith lives on the third floor. （l犬語(yǔ)）5 She put the eggs into the basket with great care. （方 l犬語(yǔ)

53、）6 She came in with a dictionary in her hand. （伴犬語(yǔ)）7 In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（8 He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. （l犬語(yǔ)）9 She works very hard though she is 01d. （l犬語(yǔ)）10 I am taller than he is. （二、簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句（一）句子種類(lèi)兩種分類(lèi)法1、按句子的用途可分四種：1） 陳述何 （肯定、否定）：He is

54、six years old; She didn't hear of you before.2）疑問(wèn)句（一般、特殊、選擇、反意）：Do they like skating? Howold is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can't she?3）祈使句：Be careful, boys; Don't talk in class4）感嘆句：How clever the boy is!2、按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可分三種：1）簡(jiǎn)單句：只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)（或并列主語(yǔ)）和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)（或并列謂語(yǔ)）。2）并列句：由并列連詞（and,

55、but, or 等）或分號(hào)（；）把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句連在起構(gòu)成。 You help him and he helps you.3）復(fù)合句：含有一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上從句的句子。復(fù)合句包含：名詞性從句（主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ) 從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句）、定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句等。（二）簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型1、主語(yǔ) +系動(dòng)詞 + 表語(yǔ)：e.g. He is a student.2、主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞：e.g. We work.3、主語(yǔ) + 及物動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ)：e.g. Henry bought a dictionary.4、主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+雙賓語(yǔ)（間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)）：e.g. My father bought

56、me a car.5、主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)）：e.g. Tom made the baby laugh.注：其他各種句子都可由這一種基本句型擴(kuò)展、變化或省略而構(gòu)成。（三）并列句的分類(lèi)1、表示連接兩個(gè)同等概念，常用 and, not only but also , neither - nor- -, then 等連接。.The teacher's name is Smith, and the student's name is John.2、表示選擇，常用的連詞有 or, either - or , otherwis e 等。.Hurry up, or you&#

57、39;ll miss the train.3、表示轉(zhuǎn)折，常用的連詞有 but, still, however, yet, while,等。.4、表示因果關(guān)系，常用的連詞有 because, so, fo r, since, for 等。.（四）考點(diǎn)探討1、簡(jiǎn)單句的五大句型是最基本的句型。在閱讀中有時(shí)需借助于劃分句子成分去理解，在書(shū) 面表達(dá)中，沒(méi)有最基本的遣詞造句的能力是不可能用地道的英語(yǔ)句子來(lái)表達(dá)清楚的。2、祈使句、反意疑問(wèn)句和感嘆句是命題的熱點(diǎn)之一。有時(shí)把祈使句與反意疑問(wèn)句結(jié)合于一 體來(lái)考查。一個(gè)題目，幾個(gè)考點(diǎn)，是近幾年命題的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。Let' s go,? Don ' t do it like that,?3、對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和各種復(fù)合句的考查常表現(xiàn)在對(duì)連詞的選擇和使用上。如：and, but,or, while ,以及其它連接名詞性從句、定語(yǔ)