初中英語語法五種類基本句型及練習(xí)(答案不全)

1、五中基本句型一、主語+不及物動詞(Subject + Intransitive Verb )例如：They are running.剖析：在此句中，謂語動詞是不及物動詞，不必加賓語就可表達(dá)一個 完整的、明確無誤的意思。有時為了表示動作發(fā)生的頻率、原因、結(jié)果、目的、 場所、時間等，可以帶狀語修飾動詞，但狀語不算句子的主要成分。e.g. The students are playing under the tree.常見的不及物動詞有：come, go, listen, wait, climb, move, jump, laugh,sit, stay 等。二、主語+及物動詞 + 賓語(Subjec

2、t + Transitive Verb + Object )例如： We read English every morning.e.g. My sister likes bread.I finished reading the book.常見的及物動詞有：like, finish, enjoy, want, play, make, help, take, read, tell, teach, do 等。三、主語+連系動詞 + 表語(Subject + Link Verb + Predicative )例如：They are English teachers.The days get longe

3、r.剖析：此類句型的謂語動詞是連系動詞， 它本身有一定的涵義，但不能獨 立作謂語，它必須和表語一起構(gòu)成謂語。表語通常由名詞、形容詞或相當(dāng)于名詞 或形容詞的詞或短語充當(dāng)，說明主語是什么或怎么樣。e.g. My book is on the desk.The trees turn green in spring.常見的連系動詞有：be動詞，感官動詞feel （感覺），look （看起來）,以 及表示變化的動詞get （變得），turn （變成）,become （成為）,go （變成）四、主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語（Subject + Verb + Indirect Object+ Dire

4、ct Object ）例如： He told me a story yesterday.e.g.Could you pass me the salt?間接賓語有時也可以改成一個由to或for引起的短語，放在直接賓語之后， 即構(gòu)成 主語+及物動詞+直接賓語+介詞+間接賓語”的句式。e.g. Uncle Wang made the farmers many machines.=Uncle Wang made many machines for the farmers.Could you show us your dictionary ?=Could you show your dictionary

5、 to us ?用to 還是用for取決于動詞，一般常在 give, show, pass, send, teach 等動 詞后用介詞to,而在 buy, sing, make, draw, cook 等動詞后用介詞 for。在此句型中，如果直接賓語為 人稱代詞賓格時，則只能使用 主語+及物動 詞+直接賓語+介詞+間接賓語”的表達(dá)形式。e.g. I ll show it to my brother.我將把它給我的弟弟看。五、主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語（ Subject + Verb + Object + Complement ）例如： We will keep the table cle

6、an.e.g. They called him James.在動詞賓語后面跟著的是直接賓語還是賓語補(bǔ)足語，可由前面的賓語與其關(guān)系來判斷：若賓語與其后的部分不存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，則該動詞后跟的是雙 賓語；若賓語和其后的部分有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，則該動詞后跟的是復(fù)合賓語。 試比較：Mother will cook us something English this evening.（us和something不存在主謂關(guān)系，此處為雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)）We call that boy Tom.（That boy is Tom.合乎邏輯，即賓語that boy與Tom存在主謂關(guān)系，故此處 為復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)）賓語補(bǔ)

7、足語可以由名詞、動詞不定式、形容詞、副詞和介詞短語等充當(dāng)。在 感官動詞 see, hear, watch, look at, listen to, feel, notice等及使役動詞 make, let,have等后跟動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時，該不定式符號to應(yīng)省去。e.g. We often hear her sing songs in her room.同步測試一、判斷下列簡單句的類型。1. . The woman is singing now.2. He gave her some apples.3. All her other friends were now outside the

8、 door.4. People eat fish and chips on the road.5. I ask them to come tomorrow.二、翻譯句子并寫出屬于簡單句五大基本句型的哪一類。1 .每天八時開始上課。2 .秋天樹葉變黃3 .他昨天下午3點到的上海。4 .請把那本字典遞給我好嗎？5 .我們不會讓她在晚上外出的。三、劃出句中的直接賓語和間接賓語。1. . Please tell us a story.2. My father bought a new bike for me last week.3. Mr. Li is going to teach us histor

9、y next term.4. Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.5. Did he leave any message for me?四、判斷下列簡單句的類型。1. . Lily is cleaning the desk now.2. Her garden is the best in our town.3. Liu Ming is thirteen years old.4. I like this book very much.5. The girl on the blue bike is Jane s sister.6. She didn t come yesterd