中考英語語法精講例析連詞

1、.中考英語語法精講例析 連詞一 知識概要連詞是一種在句子與句子之間，短語之間以及名詞等其他詞語之間起連接作用的虛詞，它不能單獨作句子的成份。按其意義可分為并列連詞和附屬連詞兩大類。并列連詞連接的雙方是對等的。常有的并列連詞有and, bothand, eitheror, neithernor， not onlybut also, as well as等。但假如連接的兩部分意義不趨向一致，意義有轉(zhuǎn)折的并列連詞有：but, however, while 而，only 只不過。還有表示選擇關(guān)系的并列連詞，如：or, or else, otherwise 再有的是連接雙方，互為因果，或表示前因后果的連

2、詞有：for, so, therefore 因此，then等。附屬連詞在初中范圍內(nèi)常常用來連接名詞性從句，如：that, if, whether, 其次用來連接狀語從句。其中有原因狀語從句，常用的連接詞有：when while, as, since, before, after, once, as soon as, until, till 連接條件狀語的連詞有：if, unless, as long as 等，而原因狀語的連接詞有because, since, as, now that 既然。目的、結(jié)果、方式、比較、地點等狀語從句的連接詞有：so that, sothat, suchthat,

3、 asas, than, where 它們在句子與文章中幾乎無處不見。 并列連詞 連接具有并列關(guān)系的詞 He knows neither English nor French. 短語 Are you going by bus or on foot? 分句 Mary was a good girl, but she had one shortcoming. 附屬連詞 引導(dǎo)： 狀語從句 Ill do it as you told me.You will be late unless you hurry. 連接代詞和連接副詞 主語從句 What he said proved true.When we

4、ll start has not been decided yet. 表語從句 This is why he didnt come yesterday.That is where he lives. 賓語從句 The man asked me which I liked best.I cant understand why she is so late. 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞 定語從句 Nicotine is a drug that gets one into the habit of smoking.He came last night when I was out. 二 正誤辨析誤 Both

5、 my parents are not here. They went to the concert just now.正 Neither of my parents is here. They went to the concert just now.析 在英語中both一般用于肯定句中，如用于否認(rèn)句中，其意義也不同于漢語，如：Both of us are not right. 在英語中應(yīng)被理解為我們倆不都對。而Neither of us is right。 才能被理解為我們倆無一正確。誤 He or his parents has some tickets for the film.正 H

6、e or his parents have some tickets for the film.析 由or 連接兩主語時，謂語動詞應(yīng)與相臨近的那一個主語保持一致。誤 You should study hard, and you wont pass the exam.正 You should study hard, or you wont pass the exam.析 or作為連詞，這里的意思為否那么。又如：Hurry up, or youll be late for school.誤 Though he is poor, but he is ready to help others.正 Th

7、ough he is poor, he is ready to help others.正 He is poor, but he is ready to help others.析 雖然但是是中文中的常用構(gòu)造，但在英文中用了雖然那么不要用但是，用了但是那么不能再用雖然，二者只可用其一。誤 Either you or I are on duty. 正 Either you or I am on duty.析 eitheror 連接兩個主語時，其謂語動詞與相臨近的一個主語相照應(yīng)，這也叫作就近原那么。類似的用法還有or, neither nor, not onlybut also等。誤 Tom is

8、 our English teacher and teaching English in our school now.正 Tom is our English teacher and is teaching English in our school now.析 并列句中常常在后面的句子中作一些省略，以免重復(fù)，但不是所有詞都可作任意的省略的。當(dāng)你連接的是兩個系動詞時，后面的那個系動詞不可省略，也就是講連接的部分不可省略。誤 My father likes swimming and to collect stamps.正 My father likes swimming and collect

9、ing stamps.析 由并列連詞連接的兩個部分要保持相等的語法構(gòu)造。如是動名詞那么都用動名詞，如用不定式那么都應(yīng)用不定式，這是初學(xué)者要注意的一點。誤 My father is reading a newspaper, I am doing my homework.正 My father is reading a newspaper while I am doing my homework.析 兩個并列句中間不可用逗號連接，要用并列連詞來連接。誤 My father asked me that if I wanted to learn how to drive.正 My father ask

10、ed me if I wanted to learn how to drive.析 賓語從句的連接詞只能有一個不能重復(fù)使用。誤 We will go both to Beijing and Shanghai.正 We will go to both Beijing and Shanghai.析 用bothand作連接詞時，其相連接的部分構(gòu)造也要一樣。誤 Not only Mary but also her brothers is going to dance.正 Not only Mary but also her brothers are going to dance.析 由not only

11、 but also連接兩個主語時，其重點在其后面的那一個主語，所以謂語形式應(yīng)采用就近原那么。誤 The teacher as well as his students are coming.正 The teacher as well as his students is coming.析 由as well as 連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞與as well as 后面的名詞無關(guān)，而與前面的名詞相一致。誤 Tom does not swim nor play football.正 Tom does not swim or play football.析 nor主要用于連接句子的對等連詞，如在否認(rèn)句中

12、連接某一部分時要用or, 但要注意句子的含意，如：This animal does not like a cow or a horse. 這個動物既不像牛也不像馬。This animal does not like a cow but a horse. 這個動物不像牛而像馬。誤 For there is no light in the classroom. The students must have gone home. 正 The students must have gone home, for there is no light in the classroom.析 由for引出的原因

13、狀語從句在使用時要注意不能將該從句置于句 首，而應(yīng)置于主句之后，并在主句與從句之間加一逗號。更要注意的是because, as, since與for 4個表示原因的連詞中because是因果關(guān)系，是最強的一個，而for是最弱的一個。有些語法書中干脆把for叫做并列連詞誤 My brother will pass the English exam is no question.正 That my brother will pass the English exam is no question.析 主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞that是不可省略的。這一點不要和賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞相提并論。誤 This map

14、will show you how will you get to the hotel.正 This map will show you how you will get to the hotel.析 名詞性從句作賓語從句使用時，最重要的一點是要用陳述語句。特別要注意的是那些使用雙賓語的動詞，如：tell, ask, show誤 While the clock stretch ten, all the lights went out.正 When the clock struck ten, all the lights went out.析 while是強調(diào)兩個動作在同時進展中，如：While

15、 I am doing my homework, my father is reading a newspaper. 而這里的when是正當(dāng)某某時刻，就在這一時間點上，其重點強調(diào)在某一特定時刻某動作的發(fā)生。誤 While I was walking along the street yesterday, I met an old friend.正 When I was walking along the street yesterday, I met an old friend.析 這里用when表達在一個動作的進展中，另一個動作突然發(fā)生了。正在進展的動作用一進展時態(tài)，而突然發(fā)生的動作用一般時

16、態(tài)。誤 While I heard the bad news I felt sad.正 When I heard the bad news, I felt sad.析 while不能表達一點兒的時間，即瞬時某一時間點。誤 After school some students play football, or others go to the library.正 After school some students play football, while others go to the library.析 while在此處意為而，然而。誤 She sang when she walked

17、along the dark street.正 She sang as she walked along the dark street.析 as用于句中時，其要點是強調(diào)兩個動作的同時進展。這里用when雖然不能講是語法上的錯誤，但那么看不出來小女孩因單獨走黑暗的街道因害怕而唱歌的心情。誤 I finished my homework until twelve oclock last night.正 I didnt finished my homework until twelve oclock last night.正 I did my homework until twelve ocloc

18、k last night.析 until用在句中時其含義是某一動作一直持續(xù)到某時完畢，那么句中的動詞那么一定要用持續(xù)性動詞，假如要用瞬間，或截止性動詞時一定要用否認(rèn)句式。因截止性動作的否認(rèn)式應(yīng)看作是持續(xù)性的動作。如分開leave是瞬間動作，因一出門即為分開了，而不分開那么是長時間的。誤 I have studied English when I was twelve.正 I have studied English since I was twelve.析 since引出的時間狀語從句是表達了一個時間點，而這個時間點是主句動作的啟始點，所以主句一般要用完成時態(tài)。誤 Because he did

19、nt study hard, so he didnt pass the exam. 正 He didnt pass the exam because he didnt study hard.析 because 與 so在英文中兩者不能并用的，只能在句中用其一。誤 He was such excited that he could not speak.正 He was so excited that he could not speak.析 so與such的用法可以分為四種情況，用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞之前，其格式是such+不定冠詞+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，如：It is such a beautifu

20、l book that every child likes it. 也可以用so, 其格式是so+形容詞+不定冠詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，如：It was so beautiful a book that every child likes it. 在不可數(shù)名詞前或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前這時只能用such, 如：It is such good weather that we want to swim. 又如：They are such good students that they can pass the exam easily. 在few, little， much, many 這4個字前只能用so而不能

21、用such, 如：I have so much money that I can buy everything I want. 當(dāng)that前只有形容詞或副詞時，這時只能用so, 如：She is so beautiful that everyone likes her. He ran so fast that I couldnt keep up with him.誤 He got up earlier this morning so as to that he could catch the first bus. 正 He got up earlier this morning so as t

22、o catch the first bus.正 He got up so earlier that he could catch the first bus.析 sothat與so that的用法有一樣之處，那就是其后接從句，而so as to 其后要接不定式，即動詞原形。這樣的詞組還有：in order to。誤 I want to buy same stamp that you have.正 I want to buy the same stamp as you have.析 the sameas that這是個固定用法，在same前的定冠詞是不能少的。而the samethat意為我要的

23、就是那一個。而the sameas為要的是和一樣的東西。誤 Before I do not give you the answer, Ill ask you some questions.正 Before I give you the answer, Ill ask you some questions.析 這種錯誤是由于受中文的影響。在中文中可以講我沒給你答案前。而英文用了before就不要再用否認(rèn)句了。三 例題解析1 We bought Granny a present, she didnt like it.A. but B. and C. or D. so 答案 A. 析 由于句意的原因

24、，應(yīng)選擇轉(zhuǎn)折連詞。2 Run quickly, well miss the early train.A. and B. but C. so D. or 答案 D. 析 or這里應(yīng)譯為：否那么。3 Ill give the book to him he comes back.A. since B. as soon as C. before D. until 答案 B. 析 as soon as 引出的時間狀語從句應(yīng)用一般如今時表示將來要發(fā)生的動作。4 Dont cross the road the light turns green.A. when B. while C. until D. as

25、 答案 C. 析 until應(yīng)譯為直到才，因為前面的祈使句為否認(rèn)句。又如：She did not go to bed until her mother came back. 應(yīng)譯為直到她媽媽回來她才睡覺。5 Miss Gao has been a teacher 1990.A. before B. after C. since D. in 答案 C. 析 因為主句為完成時，所以應(yīng)用 since表示該動作的啟始點。6 - Which would you like better, tea milk?- Tea, please.A. but B. and C. or D. with 答案 C. 析

26、在疑問句與否認(rèn)句中應(yīng)用or來表示一種選擇。7 We love spring theres beautiful flowers everywhere.A. though B. but C. or D. because 答案 D. 析 因為這里表示的是因果關(guān)系。8 Please leave 7, then youll be able to get there earlier.A. till, in B. from, / C. before, / D. behind, to 答案 C. 析 before為在之前分開。9 The teacher didnt begin the lesson all t

27、he students stopped talking.A. until B. after C. if D. because 答案 A. 析 這句應(yīng)譯為直到所有的學(xué)生都停頓講話老師才開場上課。因begin為瞬間動詞，所以應(yīng)用否認(rèn)句。10 Betty didnt go to see the film yesterday she was ill.A. but B. until C. if D. because 答案 D. 析 這里是表示因果關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)用because。因為她病了所以未去看電影。11 You must start right now, youll miss the train.A.

28、 for B. and C. so D. or 答案 D. 析 or譯為否那么。本句句意為：你必須馬上走了，否那么要趕不上火車了。12 he is a child of six, he can read and write.A. Whose B. If C. Though D. Because 答案 C. 析 這種狀語從句在英語中稱為讓步狀語從句，應(yīng)譯為：雖然他才是個6歲的孩子，他卻可以讀書和寫字。13 I like fish, chicken, eggs.A. and, and B. and, with C. /, and D. and, / 答案 C. 析 在有假設(shè)干個名詞或動詞出現(xiàn)時，每

29、一個詞之間只用逗號連接，只在最后兩個詞之間加and。如：The old man passed the street, went into a shop and bought some food。14 Take this dictionary with you you may use it in class.A. when B. in order to C. but D. so that 答案 D. 析 so that應(yīng)譯為為的是。本句句義為：帶上字典，為的是在上課時可能有用。而in order to 其后應(yīng)接動詞不定式，如：Take this dictionary with you in order to use it in class。15 I hope will be fine tomorrow.A. it B. what C. whether D. when 答案 A. 析 hope后接的是賓語從句，而且賓語從句中少主語，應(yīng)用it來