CMMIL3項目經(jīng)理訪談問題及答案

1、1. Would you please describe the inputs you consider to support your Project Planning estimation? 請你描述一下支持項目計劃估算的輸入有哪些。 Listen Fors: · Project requirements including: - Product requirements - Requirements imposed by the organization - Requirements imposed by the customer - Other requirements th

2、at impact the project · Scope of the project · Identified tasks and work products · Technical approach · Size and complexity of the work products and tasks · Selected product life-cycle model · Models or historical data for converting the attributes into labor hours and

3、 costs · Methodology used to determine needed materials, skills, labor hours and cost 項目要求包括：-產(chǎn)品要求-組織需求-要求的客戶-影響項目的其它需求項目范圍確定的任務(wù)和工作產(chǎn)品技術(shù)方法規(guī)模和復(fù)雜性的工作產(chǎn)品和任務(wù)選定的產(chǎn)品生命周期模型模型或歷史數(shù)據(jù)屬性轉(zhuǎn)換成工時和成本方法來確定所需的材料，技能，勞動時間和成本2. Would you please describe the contents of your Work Breakdown Structure that you develop to

4、identify and organize (“work packages”) 請你描述一下WBS分解的內(nèi)容（工作包）。 Typical Contents of a WBS Scope of the work based on the requirements - technical goals and objectives - identification of customers and end users - imposed standards - cost and schedule constraints and goals - dependencies between the pro

5、ject and other organizations - resource constraints - other constraints for development or maintenance Identified risks Breakdown of activities: - Development activities - Activities to acquire required skills and knowledge - Activities for integration and life-cycle management of non-developmental

6、items - Supporting activities and associated plans Configuration Management, Quality Assurance, Testing Supplier Management, Project Management Work products: - Deliverables - Non-deliverable work products - Work products that will be externally acquired - Work products that will be reused - Non-dev

7、elopmental work products that will be integrated - Work products that will be placed under configuration management control · Required knowledge and skills 典型的內(nèi)容，工作分解結(jié)構(gòu)工作范圍要求的基礎(chǔ)上，技術(shù)的目的和目標(biāo)識別客戶和最終用戶征收標(biāo)準(zhǔn)成本和進度的限制和目標(biāo)之間的依賴項目和其他組織資源的限制-限制發(fā)展或維持確定風(fēng)險擊穿的活動：發(fā)展活動，活動獲得所需的技能和知識活動的整合和生命周期管理的非項目支持活動和相關(guān)計劃配置管理，質(zhì)量

8、保證，測試供應(yīng)商管理，項目管理工作產(chǎn)品：-交付-無本金交割工作產(chǎn)品，將工作產(chǎn)品從外部獲得-將會重用的工作產(chǎn)品-非工作產(chǎn)品將被整合工作產(chǎn)品，納入配置管理控制·所需的知識和技能3. Would you please describe how you estimate size and complexity of your products and product components? 請你描述一下如何估算規(guī)模、產(chǎn)品復(fù)雜性以及產(chǎn)品組件。 Listen Fors: · Software Engineering Size and complexity · Examples

9、: - Function Points - Lines of code - Number of classes and objects - Number of pages of documentation - Number of requirements · Systems Engineering - Size and complexity · Examples: - Number of functions - Number of inputs and outputs - Data volume - Number and frequency of user interact

10、ions - Number of interfaces · Hardware Engineering Size and Complexity · Examples - Number of logic gates for integrated circuit design - Number of parts (e.g., printed circuit boards, components, mechanical parts - Physical constraints (e.g., weight and volume) · Other Considerations

11、: - Labor, machinery, materials, methods · Methods for determining size and complexity should be based on validated models or historical data 軟件工程規(guī)模和復(fù)雜性例子：功能點-行代碼-類和對象數(shù)-多頁文件數(shù)量要求系統(tǒng)工程的規(guī)模和復(fù)雜性例子：-多功能-輸入和輸出數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)量數(shù)量和頻率的用戶交互數(shù)字接口硬件工程規(guī)模和復(fù)雜性例子數(shù)字邏輯集成電路設(shè)計的大門-零件數(shù)量（例如，印刷電路板，元器件，機械零部件-物理因素（例如，重量和體積）其他考慮：勞動，機器，材

12、料，方法方法確定的規(guī)模和復(fù)雜性，應(yīng)根據(jù)驗證的模型或歷史數(shù)據(jù)4. Would you please describe the project/product lifecycle followed on your project? 請你描述一下你的項目/產(chǎn)品生命周期。 Listen Fors: · Software Engineering - Examples - Waterfall - Overlapping Waterfall - Spiral - V-Model - Incremental - Evolutionary · Systems Engineering Exam

13、ple SE LC Phases - Concept exploration - Development - Production - Operations - Disposal · Do you use subphase descriptions? - Requirements Analysis - Design - Fabrication - Integration - Verification · Do you utilize intermediate phases for activities such as: - Creation of prototypes -

14、Increments of capability - Spiral model cycles or Rapid Application Development cycles - Simulation - Emulation - Comparison 軟件工程實例瀑布重疊瀑布-螺旋- V模型增量-進化系統(tǒng)工程例硒液晶相-概念的探索-發(fā)展-生產(chǎn)-業(yè)務(wù)-處理你使用亞描述？-需求分析設(shè)計-制造-集成-核查你利用中間階段活動等：-建立原型-增加能力螺旋模型周期或快速應(yīng)用程序開發(fā)周期模擬-仿真-比較5. Would you please describe how the estimates of effo

15、rt and cost are determined on your project? 請你描述一下如何進行項目的工作量估算和成本估算。 Listen Fors: · Is it based on the estimated size and complexity? · Based on historical data from previously executed projects and/or Models for converting the attributes into labor hours and costs? · Uses appropriate

16、 “scaling” data to account for differing sizes and complexity? · Has the estimation rationale been documented? · Has the necessary supporting infrastructure needs been included when estimating cost and schedule? - Critical computer resources - Memory, disk, and network capacity - Communica

17、tions channel capacity - Software Test computers and peripherals - Product integration environments - VER and VAL test environments · Do inputs for effort and cost estimation include items such as : - Risks - Critical competencies and roles needed to perform the work - Product and product compo

18、nent requirements - Work breakdown structure - Costs of externally acquired work products - Knowledge and skills training, mentoring, and coaching needs - Selected life-cycle - Capability of tools in the engineering environment - Engineering facilities needed - Travel required - Level of security re

19、quired - Capability of manufacturing processes 它是根據(jù)估計的規(guī)模和復(fù)雜性？根據(jù)歷史數(shù)據(jù)從先前執(zhí)行的項目和/或模型屬性轉(zhuǎn)換成工時和成本？使用適當(dāng)?shù)摹俺叨取钡臄?shù)據(jù)考慮到不同規(guī)模和復(fù)雜性？已估計理由記錄在案？擁有必要的配套基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的需求包括在估算成本和進度？關(guān)鍵計算機資源內(nèi)存，硬盤，網(wǎng)絡(luò)容量通信的信道容量軟件測試計算機及外圍設(shè)備產(chǎn)品集成環(huán)境-查看和測試環(huán)境做投入精力和成本估算的項目包括如：-風(fēng)險-關(guān)鍵的能力和作用，需要執(zhí)行的工作產(chǎn)品和產(chǎn)品組件需求工作分解結(jié)構(gòu)成本外部需要的工作產(chǎn)品知識和技能培訓(xùn)，輔導(dǎo)，輔導(dǎo)需要-選定的生命周期性能工具在工程環(huán)境-所需工程

20、設(shè)施旅行需要-安全等級要求制造過程能力6. Would you please describe how the projects budget and schedule are established and maintained? 請你描述一下如何建立并維護項目預(yù)算和項目進度。 Listen Fors: · Based on the size and complexity estimation基于規(guī)模和復(fù)雜度估計 · Are major milestones of appropriate separation identified?主要的里程碑識別出了嗎？ ·

21、Are all task dependencies identified and documented? (Critical Path Method (CPM) Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) · Historical data used to verify the schedule?歷史數(shù)據(jù)用到進程里 · Are criteria established for determining what constitutes a “significant deviation” from the project pla

22、n? (Subpractice 6)重大偏差的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是什么？7. Would you please describe how risks are identified or discovered to support project planning 請你描述一下為了支持項目計劃，你如何識別或發(fā)現(xiàn)風(fēng)險。 Listen Fors: · Are risks analyzed to determine the probability of occurrence, impact, and time-frame in which they are likely to occur? ·

23、Are the risks prioritized? · Are risks revised as appropriate throughout the project lifecycle? 風(fēng)險發(fā)生的概率分析確定，影響，和時限，在有可能發(fā)生嗎？ 是風(fēng)險優(yōu)先？ 風(fēng)險酌情修訂的整個項目生命周期？8. What data is identified to be managed and controlled by the project and for the project? Would you please describe the projects plan to manage al

24、l necessary project data? Who controls the data and makes it understandable for the project? 項目中識別出哪些數(shù)據(jù)來管理和控制項目？請你描述一下用來管理所有項目數(shù)據(jù)的項計劃。誰控制這些數(shù)據(jù)，并讓項目數(shù)據(jù)讓大家理解。 Listen Fors: Data · Recorded information, regardless of the form or method of recording, including: - Administration - Engineering - Configur

25、ation management - Financial information - Management information - Logistics - Quality - Safety - Manufacturing - Procurement - Technical data, Computer software documents - Representation of facts - Numbers or datum of any nature that can be communicated, stored, and processed · Is the reason

26、 for collecting each type of data clear to the members of the project team? · What are the requirements and procedures to ensure privacy and security of the data? · Data may include many different forms: - Reports - Manuals - Engineering notebooks - Charts - Drawings - Specifications - Cor

27、respondence - Emails - Minutes of Meetings (MOMs) - Security requirements 數(shù)據(jù)記錄的信息，無論形式或記錄的方法，包括：-管理-工程配置管理財務(wù)信息管理信息物流-質(zhì)量-安全-制造業(yè)-采購技術(shù)數(shù)據(jù)，計算機軟件文檔代表事實-或任何性質(zhì)的數(shù)據(jù)可傳送，存儲，處理的原因是收集各種數(shù)據(jù)類型明確的項目團隊成員？有什么要求和程序，確保數(shù)據(jù)的隱私和安全的？數(shù)據(jù)可能包括許多不同的形式：-報告-手冊工程筆記本-排行榜圖紙-規(guī)格-通信-電子郵件-會議紀(jì)要（媽媽）-安全要求9. Would you please describe how your

28、projects resources are defined? 請你描述一下項目資源是如何定義的。 Listen Fors: · Top-level WBS is further decomposed into work packages that can be assigned, performed, and tracked · Project resource definition includes labor, machinery/equipment, materials, methods and their required quantities · Fa

29、cilities, equipment and component requirements · Long-lead time item · Staffing requirements defined 頂級項目的進一步分解成工作包可以被分配，進行跟蹤，并 項目資源的定義包括勞動，機器設(shè)備，材料，方法和所需數(shù)量 設(shè)施，設(shè)備和部件的要求 待發(fā)時間項目 人員需求定義10. Would you please describe how the knowledge and skills needs are identified and satisfied on your project

30、? 請你描述一下項目所需的知識和技能是如何識別并滿足項目需求的。 Listen Fors: · Knowledge and skills needs are identified based on organization and project records? · Available knowledge and skills is assessed? · Human Resources department is consulted to determine the availability and appropriateness of internal tr

31、aining? · Mechanisms believed to be helpful to solve the knowledge and skills gap are implemented? - Training (Internal and External) - Mentoring - Coaching - On-the-job application of learned skills 知識與技能需求的基礎(chǔ)上確定的組織和項目的記錄？現(xiàn)有的知識和技能進行評估？人力資源部門協(xié)商確定的可用性和適宜的內(nèi)部培訓(xùn)？機制被認(rèn)為有助于解決知識和技能方面的差距是？-培訓(xùn)（內(nèi)部和外部）指導(dǎo)教練

32、-在職的經(jīng)驗教訓(xùn)的應(yīng)用技能11. Would you please describe the set of or all relevant stakeholders needed to support your project throughout its product lifecycle? 請你描述一下項目整個生命周期中所需的相關(guān)干系人。 Stakeholders are those who can most affect the project and its products and those who can be affected by it. Listen Fors: ·

33、; Stakeholders are identified from all phases of the product lifecycle by identifying the type of people and functions needing representation in the project · The relevance and degree of interaction for each stakeholder is recorded · Stakeholders include: - Senior Managers, Project functio

34、nal managers (e.g., Sys Engineering, S/W Engineering, Mech Engineering, Financial managers, Customers and end users, Subcontractors / suppliers, Project members, Regulatory agencies, Independent Test, Quality Assurance, Configuration Management · The plan for stakeholder interaction should incl

35、ude the following: - List of all relevant stakeholders - Rationale for stakeholder involvement - Roles and responsibilities per life-cycle phase - Relationships between stakeholders - Relative importance of the stakeholder to project success by project phase - Schedule for phasing of stakeholder int

36、eraction 利益相關(guān)者確定從各個階段的產(chǎn)品生命周期的識別的類型和功能需要代表性項目相關(guān)性和相互作用的程度為每個利益相關(guān)者的記錄利益相關(guān)者包括：高級經(jīng)理，項目經(jīng)理（如功能，系統(tǒng)工程，機械工程/瓦特，工程，財務(wù)管理，客戶和最終用戶/供應(yīng)商，分包商，項目成員，監(jiān)管機構(gòu)，獨立的測試，質(zhì)量保證，配置管理關(guān)鍵人員互動計劃應(yīng)包括以下內(nèi)容：所有相關(guān)的利益有關(guān)者名單-理由，利益相關(guān)者的參與每個生命周期階段的角色及職責(zé)-利益相關(guān)者之間的關(guān)系相對重要性的利益相關(guān)者對項目成功的項目階段逐步利益相關(guān)者的互動12. Would you please describe the project plan? 請你描述一下

37、項目計劃。 Project plan addresses all relevant planning items necessary to achieve the mutual understanding, commitment, and performance of individuals, groups, and organizations that must execute or support the plans. Listen Fors: · Project Plan typically contains: - Schedules based on technical ac

38、tivities and their dependencies - Technical and management tasks - Milestones - Risks - Stakeholders - Criticality requirements including security - Required resources including: Ø Tools Ø Facilities Ø Environment Ø Staffing Ø Knowledge and skills Ø Infrastructure descrip