Linux系統(tǒng)維護例行操作指導手冊(2)

1、.神州數(shù)碼系統(tǒng)集成服務有限公司密級 ：第1篇（共1篇）Linux 系統(tǒng)維護例行操作指導手冊外包交付中心.專業(yè)專注.方案名稱 ：編寫 ：編寫日期 ：審核 ：審核日期 ：批準 ：批準日期 ：.專業(yè)專注.修訂狀況修訂前版章節(jié)編號章節(jié)名稱修訂內(nèi)容簡述修訂日期修改人本號.專業(yè)專注.目錄：1系統(tǒng)架構(gòu).41.1招商信諾 Linux 系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)圖 .41.2服務器概要信息 .41.3數(shù)據(jù)庫信息 .42主機系統(tǒng)監(jiān)控和預防性檢查操作方法.52.1操作頻率 .52.2檢查硬盤燈 、電源燈等狀態(tài) .52.3查看網(wǎng)卡狀態(tài)及重啟 .52.4查看硬盤數(shù)以及分區(qū)狀態(tài) .62.5查看系統(tǒng)主要進程運行情況 .62.6查看活動進程

2、.62.7查看操作系統(tǒng)空間情況 .112.8檢查操作系統(tǒng)日志 .122.8.1系統(tǒng)登錄日志 ： last .122.8.2查看系統(tǒng)啟動日志 ：dmesg .122.8.3查看 /var/log/messages系統(tǒng)日志 .122.8.4查看其他日志 .122.9查看操作系統(tǒng)性能 .122.9.1查看系統(tǒng)實時運行狀態(tài) .122.9.2查看系統(tǒng)負載情況 .142.9.3查看最近 1,5,15 分鐘平均系統(tǒng)負載： uptime.14.專業(yè)專注.2.9.4查看當前登陸系統(tǒng)的用戶 .152.9.5查看物理內(nèi)存和Swap 空間使用率 ： free .153例行作業(yè)操作方法 .153.1操作頻率 .153.

3、2操作系統(tǒng)備份 .153.3過期系統(tǒng)日志清除.164操作系統(tǒng)手工停止 、啟動、重啟操作步驟 .164.1關(guān)閉操作系統(tǒng) .164.2重啟操作系統(tǒng) .164.3啟動操作系統(tǒng) .165操作系統(tǒng)常見需求處理方法、常見問題解決方法 .175.1系統(tǒng)加固 ： .175.2忘記 root 密碼 .185.3配置網(wǎng)卡 .205.4配置防火墻 .206操作系統(tǒng)應急恢復方法 .20.專業(yè)專注.1 系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)1.1 Linux 系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)圖XX 系統(tǒng)服務器XX 系統(tǒng)服務器主機備機光纖交換機磁盤陣列PS：此圖只是示例，請根據(jù)實際項目系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)情況重新繪制1.2 服務器概要信息操作系統(tǒng)服務器名IP 地址主要應用1.3 數(shù)據(jù)庫

4、信息數(shù)據(jù)庫版本Oracle 用戶名SID數(shù)據(jù)庫所在服務器名IP 地址端口.專業(yè)專注.注：以下各檢查項，如果有監(jiān)控軟件能實現(xiàn)檢查項的監(jiān)控報警，就不用手工檢查。否則需要手工檢查 。2 主機系統(tǒng)監(jiān)控和預防性檢查操作方法2.1 操作頻率每工作日檢查1 次 。2.2 檢查硬盤燈 、電源燈等狀態(tài)硬盤燈 、電源燈正常為綠燈，如果出現(xiàn)黃燈或紅燈說明有問題。如果電源報警燈亮可以先檢查電源是否插好。如果都已插好則是電源損壞。需要通知硬件代維方更換硬件。2.3 查看網(wǎng)卡狀態(tài)及重啟重啟網(wǎng)絡服務 ：#service network restart查看網(wǎng)絡狀態(tài) ：#ifconfigpmc2: #ifconfigeth0L

5、ink encap:EthernetHWaddr 00:1F:29:09:69:4AUP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICASTMTU:1500Metric:1RX packets:6421788961 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0TX packets:9685332818 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000RX bytes:652478847531 (622252.3 Mb)Interrupt:185 Memory:f8000000

6、-f8012100.專業(yè)專注.loLink encap:Local LoopbackUP LOOPBACK RUNNINGMTU:16436Metric:1RX packets:6385721 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0TX packets:6385721 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0collisions:0 txqueuelen:0RX bytes:402215646 (383.5 Mb)TX bytes:402215646 (383.5 Mb)2.4 查看硬盤數(shù)以及分區(qū)狀態(tài)#fdisklpmc

7、2:/var/log #fdisk -l255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 17844 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesDevice BootStartEndBlocksId System/dev/cciss/c0d0p112622104483+82 Linux swap / Solaris/dev/cciss/c0d0p2*2631784414122741583 Linux2.5 查看系統(tǒng)主要進程運行情況#ps ef |grep backup2.6 查看活動進程#ps aux監(jiān)聽某個進程l

8、sof p 進程號pmc2: #ps -auxUSERPID %CPU %MEMVSZRSS TTYSTAT STARTTIME COMMANDroot10.00.0780304 ?S20080:49 init 5.專業(yè)專注.root20.00.000 ?S20080:01 migration/0root30.00.000 ?SN20080:00 ksoftirqd/0root40.00.000 ?S20080:00 migration/1root50.00.000 ?SN20080:00 ksoftirqd/1root60.00.000 ?S20080:00 migration/2root7

9、0.00.000 ?SN20080:00 ksoftirqd/2root80.00.000 ?S20080:00 migration/3root90.00.000 ?SN20080:00 ksoftirqd/3root100.00.000 ?S20080:01 migration/4root110.00.000 ?SN20080:00 ksoftirqd/4root120.00.000 ?S20080:00 migration/5root130.00.000 ?SN20080:00 ksoftirqd/5root140.00.000 ?S20080:00 migration/6root150.

10、00.000 ?SN20080:00 ksoftirqd/6root160.00.000 ?S20080:01 migration/7root170.00.000 ?SN20080:00 ksoftirqd/7root180.00.000 ?S<20080:00 events/0root190.00.000 ?S<20080:00 events/1root200.00.000 ?S<20080:00 events/2root210.00.000 ?S<20080:00 events/3root220.00.000 ?S<20080:00 events/4root2

11、30.00.000 ?S<20080:00 events/5root240.00.000 ?S<20080:00 events/6root250.00.000 ?S<20080:00 events/7root260.00.000 ?S<20080:00 khelperroot270.00.000 ?S<20080:00 kthreadroot370.00.000 ?S<20080:00 kblockd/0root380.00.000 ?S<20080:08 kblockd/1root390.00.000 ?S<20080:08 kblockd/2

12、root400.00.000 ?S<20080:00 kblockd/3root410.00.000 ?S<20080:00 kblockd/4root420.00.000 ?S<20080:00 kblockd/5root430.00.000 ?S<20080:06 kblockd/6root440.00.000 ?S<20080:00 kblockd/7root450.00.000 ?S<20080:00 kacpidroot2440.00.000 ?S200899:04 kswapd0root2450.00.000 ?S<20080:00 aio

13、/0root2460.00.000 ?S<20080:00 aio/1root2470.00.000 ?S<20080:00 aio/2root2480.00.000 ?S<20080:00 aio/3root2490.00.000 ?S<20080:00 aio/4root2500.00.000 ?S<20080:00 aio/5root2510.00.000 ?S<20080:00 aio/6root2520.00.000 ?S<20080:00 aio/7.專業(yè)專注.root4780.00.000 ?S<20080:00 cqueue/0r

14、oot4790.00.000 ?S<20080:00 cqueue/1root4800.00.000 ?S<20080:00 cqueue/2root4810.00.000 ?S<20080:00 cqueue/3root4820.00.000 ?S<20080:00 cqueue/4root4830.00.000 ?S<20080:00 cqueue/5root4840.00.000 ?S<20080:00 cqueue/6root4850.00.000 ?S<20080:00 cqueue/7root4860.00.000 ?S<20080:

15、00 kseriodroot5180.00.000 ?S<20080:00 kpsmousedroot10070.00.000 ?S<20080:00 ata/0root10080.00.000 ?S<20080:00 ata/1root10090.00.000 ?S<20080:00 ata/2root10100.00.000 ?S<20080:00 ata/3root10110.00.000 ?S<20080:00 ata/4root10120.00.000 ?S<20080:00 ata/5root10130.00.000 ?S<20080

16、:00 ata/6root10140.00.000 ?S<20080:00 ata/7root10150.00.000 ?S<20080:00 ata_auxroot10710.00.000 ?S<20080:00 reiserfs/0root10720.00.000 ?S<20081:56 reiserfs/1root10730.00.000 ?S<20081:55 reiserfs/2root10740.00.000 ?S<20080:00 reiserfs/3root10750.00.000 ?S<20080:00 reiserfs/4root1

17、0760.00.000 ?S<20080:22 reiserfs/5root10770.00.000 ?S<20081:25 reiserfs/6root10780.00.000 ?S<20080:00 reiserfs/7root11400.00.07128700?S<s20080:00 /sbin/udevd -daemonroot18120.00.000 ?S<20080:00 khubdroot18240.00.000 ?S20080:00 shpchpd_eventroot28650.00.010516736?Ss20080:00 /sbin/resmg

18、rdroot28960.00.08296876?Ss20082:27 /sbin/syslog-ngroot28990.00.02640404?Ss20080:08 /usr/sbin/irqbalanceroot29020.00.02884668?Ss20082:34 /sbin/klogd -c 1 -x -xroot29070.00.02620520?Ss20080:00 /sbin/acpid10029410.00.0131641140 ?Ss20080:33 /usr/bin/dbus-daemon-systemroot30390.00.0134003484?Ss20080:06 /

19、usr/sbin/hald -daemon=yes-retain-privilegesroot34180.00.06012736?S20080:00 hald-addon-acpiroot35360.00.012012632?S<sl20080:00 /sbin/auditd -nroot35380.00.000 ?S<20080:00 kauditdnobody35420.00.04844672 ?Ss20080:00 /sbin/portmapdaemon35930.00.0129841044 ?Ss20080:00 /usr/sbin/slpd.專業(yè)專注.root37090.

20、00.0 1229641104 ?Ssl20082:16 /usr/sbin/nscdlp38790.00.0242844120 ?Ss20080:00 /usr/sbin/cupsdroot38930.00.000 ?S<20080:00 nfsd4root38940.00.000 ?S20080:00 nfsdroot38950.00.000 ?S20080:00 nfsdroot38960.00.000 ?S20080:00 nfsdroot38970.00.000 ?S20080:00 nfsdroot38990.00.000 ?S20080:00 lockdroot39000.

21、00.000 ?S<2008 162:34 rpciod/0root39010.00.000 ?S<20080:00 rpciod/1root39020.00.000 ?S<20080:00 rpciod/2root39030.00.000 ?S<20080:00 rpciod/3root39040.00.000 ?S<20080:00 rpciod/4root39050.00.000 ?S<20080:00 rpciod/5root39060.00.000 ?S<20080:00 rpciod/6root39070.00.000 ?S<2008

22、0:00 rpciod/7root39250.00.05928624?Ss20080:00 /usr/sbin/rpc.mountdroot39640.00.0270561464?Ss20080:11 /usr/sbin/sshd -oPidFile=/var/run/sshd.init.pidroot39780.00.0202882004?S20080:06 /usr/sbin/powersaved -d -f/var/run/acpid.socket -v 3root40590.00.0213242172?Ss20080:02 /usr/lib/postfix/masterroot4090

23、0.00.07100572?Ss20080:01 /usr/sbin/cronpostfix40950.0 0.0213282160 ?S20080:11 qmgr -l -t fifo -uroot43930.00.03060704 tty1Ss+20080:00 /sbin/mingetty -noclear tty1root43950.00.03060692 tty3Ss+20080:00 /sbin/mingetty tty3root43960.00.03060708 tty4Ss+20080:00 /sbin/mingetty tty4root43970.00.03064688 tt

24、y5Ss+20080:00 /sbin/mingetty tty5root43980.00.03064692 tty6Ss+20080:00 /sbin/mingetty tty6oracle46310.00.163048 10244 ?Ssl20082:53/opt/oracle/product/10.2/db_1/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER -inheritroot300310.00.0286481568?Ss20080:00 login - rootroot245510.00.097202292 tty2Ss+20080:00 -bashroot239010.00.0508

25、806652?S20080:08 /opt/gnome/sbin/gdmroot239140.00.0602682820?S20080:00 /opt/gnome/sbin/gdmroot239170.00.1448768312 tty7Ss+2008 118:31 /usr/X11R6/bin/X :0 -audit 0-br -auth /var/lib/gdm/:0.Xauth vt7gdm239360.00.2 94228 18812 ?Ss20080:00/opt/gnome/lib64/gdm/gdmgreeterroot240770.00.08700444?Ss20080:00

26、/usr/bin/gpg-agent -sh-daemonroot240820.00.010268900 ?Ss20080:00 dbus-daemon -fork-print-pid 8 -print-address 6 -sessionroot177910.00.010268892 ?Ss20090:00 dbus-daemon -fork.專業(yè)專注.-print-pid 8 -print-address 6 -sessionoracle281980.00.161984 9096 ?Ssl20090:24/opt/oracle/product/10.2/db_1/bin/tnslsnr L

27、ISTENER -inheritoracle282050.00.22563316 19812 ?Ss20090:01 ora_pmon_orcloracle282070.00.12562144 16180 ?Ss20091:33 ora_psp0_orcloracle282090.010.8 2562140 887704 ?Ss20090:10 ora_mman_orcloracle282110.022.9 2595952 1879296 ?Ss20096:00 ora_dbw0_orcloracle282130.00.52577696 48272 ?Ss20098:24 ora_lgwr_o

28、rcloracle282150.01.22563684 102704 ?Ss200912:35 ora_ckpt_orcloracle282170.016.7 2564780 1369832 ?Ss20099:24 ora_smon_orcloracle282190.03.22563724 267828 ?Ss20090:00 ora_reco_orcloracle282210.08.52563796 698012 ?Ss20093:10 ora_cjq0_orcloracle282230.031.7 3347456 2593104 ?Ss200913:57 ora_mmon_orclorac

29、le282250.02.02562140 164608 ?Ss20090:04 ora_mmnl_orcloracle282270.00.22562988 16464 ?Ss20090:00 ora_d000_orcloracle282330.00.12563316 15680 ?Ss20090:00 ora_s000_orcloracle282370.00.42577696 33280 ?Ss20090:46 ora_arc0_orcloracle282390.00.42577696 33140 ?Ss20090:45 ora_arc1_orcloracle282430.00.2256214

30、0 17564 ?Ss20090:00 ora_qmnc_orcloracle282470.016.9 2564804 1389684 ?Ss20090:27 ora_q000_orcloracle282490.00.22562136 16768 ?Ss20090:05 ora_q001_orcloracle252970.00.32562848 31136 ?SsSep030:00 oracleorcl (LOCAL=NO)oracle252990.00.22562272 19720 ?SsSep030:00 oracleorcl (LOCAL=NO)oracle253010.00.22562

31、268 19648 ?SsSep030:00 oracleorcl (LOCAL=NO)oracle253030.00.22562268 19632 ?SsSep030:00 oracleorcl (LOCAL=NO)oracle253050.00.22562268 19620 ?SsSep030:00 oracleorcl (LOCAL=NO)oracle253070.00.22562268 19656 ?SsSep030:00 oracleorcl (LOCAL=NO)oracle253090.00.22562268 19636 ?SsSep030:00 oracleorcl (LOCAL

32、=NO)oracle253110.00.22562268 19632 ?SsSep030:00 oracleorcl (LOCAL=NO)oracle253130.00.22562268 19624 ?SsSep030:00 oracleorcl (LOCAL=NO)oracle253150.00.22562268 19628 ?SsSep030:00 oracleorcl (LOCAL=NO)oracle253170.00.22562272 19828 ?SsSep030:00 oracleorcl (LOCAL=NO)oracle253190.00.22562268 19628 ?SsSep030:00 oracleorcl (LOCAL=NO)oracle253210.00.22562272 19652 ?SsSep030:00 oracleorcl (LOCAL=NO)oracle253230.00.22562268 19648 ?SsSep030:00 orac