英語語法之名詞的用法

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上第12章 名詞一.概念名詞是表示人,事物,地點或抽象概念的名稱的詞,有專有名詞和普通名詞之分,還有可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞之分.二.相關(guān)知識點精講.名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化此處圖片未下載成功此處圖片未下載成功2.其它名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化） 以y結(jié)尾的專有名詞，或元音字母 y 結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時，直接加s變復(fù)數(shù)。例如：Marys the Henrys-monkeys holiday-holidays） 以o 結(jié)尾的名詞，變復(fù)數(shù)時：. 加s，如： photo-photos piano-pianos-radios zoo-zoos；. 加es，如：potato-potatoes tom

2、ato-tomatoes. 上述a和b兩種方法均可，如zero-zeros / zeroes。） 以f或fe 結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時：. 加s，如： belief-beliefs roof-roofs-safes gulf-gulfs；. 去f,fe 加ves，如：half-halves-knives leaf-leaves wolf-wolves-wives life-lives thief-thieves；. 上述a和b兩種方法均可，如handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves。.名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化） child-children foot-fe

3、et tooth-teeth-mice man-men woman-women注意：由一個詞加 man 或 woman構(gòu)成的合成詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是 -men 和-women，如an Englishman，two Englishmen。但German不是合成詞，故復(fù)數(shù)形式為Germans；Bowman是姓，其復(fù)數(shù)是the Bowmans。） 單復(fù)同形，如deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese ，li，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin等。但除人民幣的元、角、分外，美元、英鎊、法郎等都有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：a dollar, two dollar

4、s; a meter, two meters。）集體名詞，以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，但實為復(fù)數(shù)。例如：police cattle 等本身就是復(fù)數(shù)，不能說 a people，a police，a cattle，但可以說a person，a policeman，a head of cattle, the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名詞，表示國民總稱時，作復(fù)數(shù)用，如The Chinese are industries and brave. 中國人民是勤勞勇敢的。） 以s結(jié)尾，仍為單數(shù)的名詞，如：. ma

5、ths，politics，physics等學(xué)科名詞，一般是不可數(shù)名詞，為單數(shù)。. news 為不可數(shù)名詞。. the United States，the United Nations 應(yīng)視為單數(shù)。United Nations was organized in 1945. 聯(lián)合國是1945年組建起來的。. 以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的書名，劇名，報紙，雜志名，也可視為單數(shù)。例如："The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. 一千零一夜是一本非常有趣的故事書。） 表示由兩部分構(gòu)成的東西，如：glasses （眼鏡） trous

6、ers, clothes等，若表達(dá)具體數(shù)目，要借助數(shù)量詞 pair（對，雙）; suit（套）; a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers等。） 另外還有一些名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式有時可表示特別意思，如：goods貨物，waters水域，fishes（各種）魚。. 不可數(shù)名詞量的表示）物質(zhì)名詞. 當(dāng)物質(zhì)名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為個體名詞時為可數(shù)。比較：Cake is a kind of food. 蛋糕是一種食物。 （不可數(shù)）cakes are sweet. 這些蛋糕很好吃。 （可數(shù)）. 當(dāng)物質(zhì)名詞表示該物質(zhì)的種類時，可數(shù)。例如：factory produces steel.

7、 （不可數(shù)）need various steels. （可數(shù)）c. 當(dāng)物質(zhì)名詞表示份數(shù)時，可數(shù)。例如：country is famous for tea. 我國因茶葉而聞名。teas, please. 請來兩杯茶。） 抽象名詞表示具體的事例時也可數(shù)。例如：freedoms 四大自由 the four modernizations四個現(xiàn)代化物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞可以借助單位詞表一定的數(shù)量，如a glass of water 一杯水/ a piece of advice 一則建議。. 定語名詞的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作定語一般用單數(shù)，但也有以下例外。) 用復(fù)數(shù)作定語。例如：meeting 運動會 students

8、reading-room 學(xué)生閱覽室table 談判桌 the foreign languages department 外語系） man, woman, gentleman等作定語時，其單復(fù)數(shù)以所修飾的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。例如：workers women teachers gentlemen officials） 有些原有s結(jié)尾的名詞，作定語時，s保留。例如：train （貨車） arms produce 武器生產(chǎn)papers 海關(guān)文件 clothes brush 衣刷） 數(shù)詞 名詞作定語時，這個名詞一般保留單數(shù)形式。例如：dozen eggs 兩打雞蛋 a ten-mile walk 十英里

9、路hundred trees 兩百棵樹 a five-year plan. 一個五年計劃此處圖片未下載成功英語中有些名詞可以加"s"來表示所有關(guān)系，帶這種詞尾的名詞形式稱為該名詞的所有格，如：a teachers book。名詞所有格的規(guī)則如下：） 單數(shù)名詞詞尾加"s"，復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞尾沒有s，也要加"s"，如the boys bag 男孩的書包，mens room 男廁所。） 若名詞已有復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s ，只加" "，如：the workers struggle 工人的斗爭。） 凡不能加"s"的名詞，

10、都可以用"名詞 of 名詞"的結(jié)構(gòu)來表示所有關(guān)系，如：the title of the song 歌的名字。） 在表示店鋪或教堂的名字或某人的家時，名詞所有格的后面常常不出現(xiàn)它所修飾的名詞，如：the barbers 理發(fā)店。） 如果兩個名詞并列，并且分別有s，則表示"分別有"；只有一個s，則表示共有。例如：s and Marys rooms（兩間） John and Marys room（一間）6） 復(fù)合名詞或短語，s 加在最后一個詞的詞尾。例如：a month or twos absence三.鞏固練習(xí).He was eager to make so

11、me extra money, since during these years he could hardly live on his_. a little wage b. few wage c. wage d. wages.Most of the houses in the village were burnt to _ during the war. an ash b. the ash c. ash d. ashes.The students at colleges or universities are making _ for the coming New Year. many pr

12、eparations b. much preparation c. preparations d. preparation.Paiting in _ is one of their spare-time activities. oil b. an oil c. oils d. the oil.In the view of the foreign experts, there wasnt _ oil here. much b. lots of c. a great deal of d. many.The large houses are being painted, but _. of grea

13、t expense b. at a great expense c. in a lot of expenses d. by high expense.The room was small and contained far too _.much new furniture c. much new furnitures.many new furniture d. many new furnitures.Jim was late for two classes this morning. He said that he forgot both of the _. rooms number b. r

14、oom number c. rooms numbers d. room numberscan do _ work in a short time, but a man can not do _ by himself.great many many c. much a great deal.great deal of much d. many a great many.She didnt know _ he had been given. how many information c. how many informations. the number of information d. how

15、 much information.He invited all of his _ to join his wedding party. comrade-in-arms c. comrades-in-arm. comrades-in-arms d. comrade-in-arm.All the _ in the hospital got a rise last month. women doctors c. woman doctors. women doctor d. woman doctor.After ten years, all these youngsters became_. gro

16、wns-ups c. growns-up. grown-up d. grown-ups.The police investigated those _ about the accident. stander-by c. standers-by. stander-bys d. standers-bys.The Nazi kept those _ in their concentration camp.prisoner-of-wars c. prisoners-of-war.prisoners-of-wars d. prisoner-of-war.The manager was greatly appreciate that _ made by Linda lately. new reel b. news reel c. new-reels d. news reels.Marys dress is similar in appearance to her _. elder sister b. elder sisters c. elder sisters d. elder sisters dress.All the people at the conference are _. mathematic teachers c. mathematic