英語四級長難句

1、10.21【今日長難句】Historians,especially those so blinded by their research intereststhat they havebeen accused of “tunnel method,” frequently fall victim to the“technicalfallacy. ” Also com mon in the n atural scie nces, the tech nical fallacy mistake nly identifies thedisciplineas a whole withcertainpart

2、s of itstechnicalimpleme ntatio n.長難句的正確打開方式先嘗試自己分析然后看下面的解析【詞的處理】bli nd vt.使失明，使眼花，使困惑be accused of 被指責tunnel n. 地下通道，隧道tunnel method 【術語】單方向研究法victim n.受害者，犧牲品 fallacy n.錯誤，謬論 discipli ne n. 學科 as a whole作為一個整體certain adj. 某個，某人，某事 impleme ntati on n. 實施，履行【結構解析】1. 首句主干為主系表結構， 即：Historians/frequent

3、lyfall/ victim to the “technicalfallacy ” .其中 fall =become,表“變成”。2. especially those為插入語成分，對主語Historians做補充說明。so blinded by theirresearch interests that they have been accused of“tunnel method ” 為 those 的后置定語。3. 二句主干為主謂賓賓補結構，即：the technical fallacy /mistakenly identifies/thediscipli ne as a whole /w

4、ith certa in parts of its tech ni cal impleme ntatio n;其中難點在于固定搭配 identify sth. with sth. 譯為：認為某事物等同于 .4. also commonin the natural scien ces,為形容詞短語充當狀語成分修飾整個句子?！緟⒖甲g文】Historians,especially those so blinded by their research intereststhat they havebeen accused of “tunnel method,” frequently fall vict

5、im to the“technicalfallacy. ” Also com mon in the natural sciences, the technical fallacy mistakenly identifies thedisciplineas a whole withcertainparts of itstechnicalimpleme ntatio n.史學家，尤其是那些單純局限于他們研究興趣的史學家，被指責為使用“單方向研究法”， 常常成為“純技術方法論”的犧牲品?！凹兗夹g方法論”錯誤地把整個學科與學科研究的某些操作方法等同起來，這種情況在自然科學領域里也屢見不鮮。10.22【

6、今日長難句】It applies equally to traditionalhistorians who view history as only the externaland internal criticism of sources, and to social scienee historians who equate their activity with specific tech niq ues.長難句的正確打開方式先嘗試自己分析然后看下面的解析【詞的處理】apply to 與相關；適用于；存在于external adj. 外部的 in ternal adj.內(nèi)部的critic

7、ism n.批評，批判，指責equate vt.同等看待，使等同equate with 認為就是【結構解析】1. it所指代的內(nèi)容，需要聯(lián)系上文方能做出判斷。因此，聯(lián)系昨天的句子，it指代thetechnical fallacy, 即：（純）技術錯誤。2. 句子主干為 it /applies to /traditional historians and to social scieneehistorians ，其中，apply to 表“與相關 /存在于”3. who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sou

8、rces禾口 whoequate their activity with specific tech niq ues為定語從句，分另 M修飾traditi onalhistorians 和 social scienee historians。由于定語從句較長，建議處理為單句。4. activity一詞在本句中譯為活動不妥，"歷史學家的活動”顯然表意模糊，譯為"歷史學家的研究”更為恰當?！緟⒖甲g文】It applies equally to traditionalhistorians who view history as only the externaland inter

9、nal criticism of sources, and to social scienee historians who equate their activity with specific tech niq ues.這種謬誤同樣存在于歷史傳統(tǒng)家和歷史社科家；前者認為歷史僅僅是史學界內(nèi)部和外部人士對各種史料來源的評論，后者則認為歷史的研究是具體方法。10.23【今日長難句】They were, by far, the largest and most distant objects that scientists had ever detected: a strip of enormou

10、s cosmic clouds some 15 billionlight-years from earth.But even more importa nt, it was the farthest that scie ntists had bee n able to look into the past, for what they were see ing were the patter ns and structuresthat existed15 billi on years ago.長難句的正確打開方式先嘗試自己分析然后看下面的解析【詞的處理】by far迄今為止object n.

11、物體detect vt. 發(fā)現(xiàn)a strip of 一條/塊（狹長的）eno rmous adj. 巨大的cosmic adj. 宇宙的 （cosmos n. 宇宙）lligte-year n. 光年look into 調(diào)查，觀察Pattern n. 模式【結構解析】1. 本句主干為主系表結構，即： they/ were / the largest and most distant objects.2. by far為插入語，表時間狀語3. that scie ntists had ever detected為定語從句，修飾 objects.4. 分號之后的" a strip of

12、enormous cosmic clouds some 15 billion light-years fromearth ”為objects的同位語，起解釋說明作用。二句1. but eve n more importa nt為句子的狀語成分2. 句子主干為主系表結構，即： it /was /the farthest ;其中it指代上文中的 a strip of eno rmous cosmic clouds3. that引導定語從句修飾 the farthest4. for +從句，表原因。從句主干為主系表結構： what they were see in g/ were / the pat

13、ternsand structures; that existed 15 billi onyears ago. 為定語從句修飾 the patter nsandstructures.【參考譯文】They were, by far, the largest and most distant objects that scientists had everdetected: a strip of enormous cosmic clouds some 15 billionlight-years from earth.But even more importa nt, it was the fart

14、hest that scie ntists had bee n able to lookinto the past, for what they were see ing were the patter ns and structures that existed 15 billi on years ago.迄今為止，科學家所發(fā)現(xiàn)的最大、最遙遠的物體是：離地球大約150億光年的一塊狹長的巨大宇宙云系。更為重要的是，這是科學家們能夠觀測到的最遙遠的過去的景象，因為他們看到的是150億年前宇宙云的形狀和結構。10.24【今日長難句】That was just about the mome nt t

15、hat the uni verse was born. What the researchers found was at once both amaz ing and expected: the US Nati onal Aeron autics and SpaceAdministration' s Cosmic Background Explorer satellite Cobe had discoveredIan dmark evide nce that the uni verse did in fact beg in with the primeval explosi onth

16、at has become known as the Big Bang (the theory that the uni verse origi nated in an explosi on from a sin gle mass of en ergy).長難句的正確打開方式先嘗試自己分析然后看下面的解析【詞的處理】Aeron autics n. 航空學Admi nistrati on n. 管理；管理局Ian dmark n.地標；里程碑primeval adj.遠古的，原始的origi nate vi.起源于【結構解析】1. 首句主干為"主系表”結構，即：that / was /

17、just about the moment; that引導定語從句，可譯為“的”結構，即：那大約就是宇宙形成的時候。2. 二句主干為“主從 + 系動詞 + 表語”結構， 即: what the researchers found/ was/ at once both amazing and expected: 該句翻譯時，順序翻譯即可：研究人員的發(fā)現(xiàn)既令人驚訝，又在人們的意料之中：3. “：”之后為“ what the researchers found”的同位語從句，從句主干為“主謂賓”，即：the US National Aeronautics and Space Administrati

18、on' s Cosmic BackgroundExplorer satellite Cobe /had discovered/Ian dmark evide nee; 譯為：美國國家航空航天局的Cobe號宇宙背景探測器已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了劃時代的證據(jù)4. that the uni verse did in fact begi n with the primeval explosi on為同位語從句，解釋evidenee的內(nèi)容，其中did +begin with為強調(diào)謂語動詞的強調(diào)結構。例如：如果你的男人跟你說“ I did love you.”意思是“我過去確實愛過你?！?. that has

19、become known as the Big Bang (the theory that the uni verse orig in atedin an explosi on from a si ngle mass of en ergy)為定語從句，修飾 the primevalexplosi on.【參考譯文】That was just about the mome nt that the uni verse was born. What the researchers found was at once both amaz ing and expected: the US Nati on

20、al Aeron autics and SpaceAdministration ' s Cosmic Background Explorer satellite Cobe had discoveredIan dmark evide nce that the uni verse did in fact beg in with the primeval explosi onthat has become known as the Big Bang (the theory that the uni verse origi nated inan explosi on from a sin gl

21、e mass of en ergy).那大約就是宇宙形成的時候。研究人員的發(fā)現(xiàn)既令人驚訝，又在人們的意料之中：美國國家航空航天局的Cobe號宇宙背景探測器已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了劃時代的證據(jù)，表明宇宙確實起源于最早 的一次爆炸，人們稱之為”大爆炸"(此理論認為宇宙起源于一大塊能量的爆炸)。10.25【今日長難句】長難句的正確打開方式：先嘗試自己分析-再看下面的解析 The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang, first put forward in the 1920s, to maintain its reign as the domi