定語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別

1、定語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別 一、 定語(yǔ)從句是形容詞從句，其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞，是用來(lái)修飾前面的名詞或代詞的；同位語(yǔ)從句是名詞從句，其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞，是對(duì)前面的名詞作進(jìn)一步解釋的。例如： 1 We heard the news that he had told her. 我們聽(tīng)到他對(duì)她說(shuō)的消息。 2 We heard the news that he had won the game. 我們聽(tīng)到消息他贏得了比賽。 例1中的that從句的作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞，其作用是修飾the news；例2中的that從句的作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞，是對(duì)the news的進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明。二、定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞在從句中

2、充當(dāng)一定的成分，可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等；而同位語(yǔ)從句中的引導(dǎo)詞在從句只起連接作用，不作任何句子成分。例如： 1. A plane is a machine that can fly. 飛機(jī)是一種能飛的機(jī)器。 2. The fact that they didnt finish the work has to be faced. 必須面對(duì)事實(shí)，他們沒(méi)有完成工作。 例1中的引導(dǎo)詞that在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，作從句的主語(yǔ)，故為定語(yǔ)從句；例2中的that只起連接作用，引導(dǎo)從句解釋fact的內(nèi)容，不作任何句子成分，故為同位語(yǔ)從句。 三、引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以省略或被其他詞代替

3、；而同位語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞一般不能省略，更不能被代替。例如： 1. The news that she heard is true. 她聽(tīng)到的消息是真的。 2. The news that she will go abroad is true. 她將出國(guó)這消息是真的。 例1是定語(yǔ)從句，that可省略；例2是同位語(yǔ)從句，that不能省略。 3. The reason why he was chosen remains unknown. 他為什么被選上的原因還是不清楚。 4. The idea why he was chosen attracted our attention. 他為什么會(huì)被選上，這一

4、想法引起我們的注意。 例3中why引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句，why可以被 for which或 that 代替；例4中 why引導(dǎo)的是同位語(yǔ)從句，why 不能省去，也不能被其它詞代替。 四、同位語(yǔ)從句與其所修飾的名詞之間是一種同位關(guān)系，二者之間存在邏輯上的系表關(guān)系，可用“主+系+表”結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示。例如： The news that he won the first place is true. 他贏得冠軍的那個(gè)消息是真的。 上句若用“主+系+表”結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示，則是： The news is that he won the first place. 消息是他贏得了冠軍。 意思合理，系表結(jié)構(gòu)成立，故為同位語(yǔ)從

5、句。 五、定語(yǔ)從句所修飾、限定的先行詞可以是各類名詞，可以有復(fù)數(shù)形式；而同位語(yǔ)從句一般都與抽象名詞同位，一般沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如： 1. The possibilities that she was offered seemed very great.她得到的可能性似乎大些。 2. Her mother was worried about the possibility that her daughter dislike to go to school. 她的母親很擔(dān)心，她女兒有可能不喜歡上學(xué)。 例1中的possibilities是定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞，可用復(fù)數(shù)形式；例2中的possibility是

6、抽象名詞，后接的是同位語(yǔ)從句，一般不用復(fù)數(shù)形式。六、由when, why, where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句分別修飾或說(shuō)明表示時(shí)間、原因或地點(diǎn)的詞，但它們引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句一般不和表示時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)的詞同位。例如： 1. I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. 我仍然記得初次來(lái)北京的那天。 2. I have no idea when she will be back. 我不知道她何時(shí)回來(lái)。 3. This is the house where I lived two years ago. 這是我兩年前住的房子。 4. The quest

7、ion where we shall have a meeting hasnt decided. 我們到什么地方去開(kāi)會(huì)，這個(gè)問(wèn)題沒(méi)有決定。 例1、3中的when和 where引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句，day 和house分別表示時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)；例2、4中的when和 where引導(dǎo)的是同位語(yǔ)從句。同位語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)題1.The fact _ she works hard is well known to us all. A.that    B.what    C.why      D.which2.T

8、he fact _ he was successful proves his ability.A.that    B.what    C.which    D.why3.The news _ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly.A. what    B.that    C.why      D.when4.His suggestion _ the meeti

9、ng be delayed was turned down.A.which   B.that    C./        D.it5.I have no idea _ he will start.A.when    B.that    C.what     D./6.I've come from the government with a message _ the m

10、eeting won't be held tomorrow.A.if      B.that     C.whether     D.which7.The thought _ he might fail in the exam worried him.A.when    B.which    C.what        D.tha

11、t8.The order _ the prisoner be set free arrived too late.A.which   B.whether  C.that        D.what9.The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patient's fear _ he would die of the disease.A.that    B.as    &

12、#160;  C.of which    D.which10.He often asked me the question _ the work was worth doing.A.whether    B.where    C.that     D.when名詞性從句一、語(yǔ)法知識(shí)（一）, 主語(yǔ)從句1, 由what等代詞引導(dǎo)的從句,表示”所的(東西)”,實(shí)際上等于一個(gè)現(xiàn)行詞加上一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句.也可以由-ever等代詞引導(dǎo). What they are tal

13、king about is nothing valuable. What I really want is to have a good rest. Whatever she did is wrong. Whoever passes the exam can get 50 yuan. Whoever used to have another name raise your hand.2, 由that引導(dǎo)的從句,通常用形式主語(yǔ)來(lái)代替. That he has disappeared worries his parents. It worries his parents that he has d

14、isappeared. It is not likely that he can win the lottery. It is a big surprise that he is still alive.3, 由連接代詞或連接副詞或whether引導(dǎo)的從句. When she will be back is still a question. Where they had put the files troubled the spy. Whether he will take part in the play is clear. Whether or not she will go to Ja

15、pan is up to her.（二）, 賓語(yǔ)從句1, 由連接代詞或副詞引起的從句. Please show me how to make him happy. I dont know who did all the cleaning. Have you decided whom you will take to Australia? She still wondered when she would leave school. I am wondering whether/if the dress is too short. He advised me which books I shou

16、ld read. 還可以做介詞的賓語(yǔ). The singer still worries about where to live. The price depends on how many you will buy.2, 由關(guān)系代詞型what等代詞引起的從句. I will tell you what I know. Well give whatever help you need. I plan to read whichever book you recommend. His father was not satisfied with what he had. She walked up

17、 to where I stood.3, 由that引起的從句,在believe, think, suppose后常不加that.在think, believe, suppose, expect等動(dòng)詞引起的賓語(yǔ)從句中,有時(shí)謂語(yǔ)盡管是否定意思,也只將前面的詞否定. I dont think you can beat me. He doesnt expect we need worry. 有時(shí)在賓語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間可以插入一個(gè)間接賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ). She reminded me that I had a meeting to attend. They explained to us that they di

18、dnt mean to make us angry. 有時(shí)在這種帶有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的句子中, that引起的從句常常移到后面, 前面用一個(gè)it作為形式賓語(yǔ). I thought it very impossible that she would come. They took it for granted that the singer was coming.（三）, 表語(yǔ)從句是接在系動(dòng)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句.（四）, 同位語(yǔ)從句, 在idea, fact rumor, news, hope, belief, thought, doubt等等詞后面, 常常用that或連接代詞或副詞引導(dǎo)從句. I had

19、no idea that they were in that plane. He left me a message that he would buy me a ticket to the rock concert.The news that we will have a one-month vacation is not true.二、練習(xí)與檢測(cè)1. _ we need more practice is quite clear.A. When B. WhatC. That D. /2. _ I accept the gift or refuse it is none of your bus

20、iness.A. If B. WhetherC. Even if D. No matter when3. _ knows the truth about it will tell you.A. Who that B. ThatC. Whoever D. That who4. _ he is doing seems quite difficult.A. How B. ThatC. Which D. What5. _ certain that his invention will lead to the development of production.A. Thats B. This isC.

21、 Its D. Whats6. _ that there is another good harvest this year.A. It says B. It is saidC. It was said D. He was said7. _ that she has received a doctors degree.A. Its a splendid news B. This is a splendid newsC. Its splendid news D. This is splendid news8. It is strange _.A. that no one should like

22、this bookB. that no one liked this bookC. that why no one likes this bookD. why no one likes this book9. It is suggested that the experiment _ under low temperature.A. makes B. is makeC. should be made D. will be made10. _ still needs to be discussed.A. How is the plan to be carried outB. How the pl

23、an is to be carried outC. Why is the plan carried outD. Why the plan carried out11. _ is unknown to us all.A. Where did she put it B. Where she put itC. That where she put it D. In which she put it12. _ nothing to do with us.A. What he did is B. What he has done isC. What did he do has D. What he ha

24、s done has13. Thats _ the Party called on us to do.A. what B. thatC. how D. why14. She looked _ she were ten years younger.A. that B. likeC. as D. as though15. The reason I have to go is _ if I dont.A. that she will be disappointedB. because she will be disappointedC. on account of her being disappo

25、intedD. that she will be disappointing16. It was _ he worked hard that he succeeded.A. because B. sinceC. as D. for17. It seemed that the girl _.A. had lost important something B. had lost something importantC. lost important things D. lost something important18. The fact _ he is an advanced worker

26、is well known.A. what B. whichC. that D. why19. The fact _ in the past few years proves that our Partys policy is correct.A. that great achievement was madeB. which great achievements were madeC. what have been madeD. that great achievements have been made20. I have no idea _.A. what does the word “

27、infinity” meanB. what the word “infinity” meansC. what the meaning of the word “infinity”D. what the word “infinity” mean21. His suggestion _ to see the art exhibition interested every one of us.A. that we go B. which we should goC. that we would go D. when we should go22. Ill certainly tell the Emp

28、eror _ pleased I am with it.A. how B. whatC. who D. whom23. I wonder _ he asked such a silly question in public.A. how B. whatC. that D. why24. _ do you think will teach us maths next term?A. Whom B. WhoC. What D. That25. I will give this dictionary to _ wants to have it.A. whomever B. whoeverC. who

29、m D. whatever26. Do _ you think is right _ difficulties you may have.A. what/however B. that/whatC. whatever/whoever D. what/whatever27. Are you sure _? A. whether she is honest B. that she is honesty C. she is honest D. is she honest28. He was interested in _ he had seen at the exhibition. A. which

30、 B. that C. all what D. all that29. He often thinks of _ he can do more for the four modernizations. A. what B. how C. that D. which30. Take _ much you want and _ you want to. A. however/when B. whenever/how C. however/whoever D. however/whenever三、練習(xí)與檢測(cè)答案15 CBCDC 610 BCACB 1115 BDADA 1620 ABCDB2125

31、AADBB 2630 DCDBD二、用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞填空：1. I can't decide _ dictionary I should buy.2. That's _ he refused my invitation.3. I am very interested in _ he has improved his pronunciation in such a short time.4. _ we need is more time.5. The fact _ she had not said anything at the meeting surprised everybody

32、.6. _ and _ they will meet has not been decided yet.7. Please tell me _ you are waiting for.8. Is that _ you are looking for?9. Would you please tell me _ the nearest post office is?10. I don't know _ he will agree to the plan or not.定語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)改錯(cuò)1 This is the factory where we visited last week. 2 This is the watch for which Tom is looki