英語國家概況 第四單元ppt超級詳細!

1、a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy A Guide to English-Speaking Countries a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy A Guide to English-Speaking Countries2022-3-112 Political Parties ConstitutionGovernment Election The CommonwealthIIIIIIIVVa parliamentary democracy a

2、nd a constitutional monarchy A Guide to English-Speaking Countries2022-3-113IvSystem of British government a parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarchy 議會民主制和君主立憲制議會民主制和君主立憲制vBritish Constitution is made up of (P30,3): Statutory Law: passed by Parliament (Magna Carta, Bill of Rights) Com

3、mon Law: case-law; judge-made lawConventions: rules and practices which do not exist legally, but are regarded as vital to the working of government e.g. The Monarch shall grant the Royal Assent to all Bills passed by Parliament. The monarch will accept and act on the advice of their ministers, who

4、are responsible to Parliament for that advice. The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom is the leader of the party (or coalition of parties) with an absolute majority of seats in the House of Commons.Ex. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?(TEM8,2010)A. The British constitution includes t

5、he Magna Carta of 1215.B. The British constitution includes Parliamentary acts.C. The British constitution includes decisions made by courts of law.D. The British constitution includes one single written constitution.(P30,2)a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy A Guide to English-S

6、peaking Countries2022-3-114Monarch (non-political)TheoreticallyIn realityThe importance of the monarchyMonarch reigns but does not rule!LegislatureParliamentLaw-making bodyExecutiveGovernmentDeciding policies taken to parliamentMaking sure the laws being carried outJudiciary Law Lords高等法官高等法官(non-po

7、litical)House of Commons (political)650 MPsHouse of Lords(semi-political)724 LordsPrime Minister (political)Supreme Court最高法院最高法院Court of Appeals上訴法院上訴法院 Basic Structure of UK Central GovernmentIIThe Lords Temporal: 俗職俗職life peers終身貴族終身貴族: 587hereditary peers世襲貴族世襲貴族: 92Law Lords高等法官高等法官(Supreme Cou

8、rt): 19The Lords Spiritual: 神神/靈職靈職 26archbishops: 2bishops: 24Function: to examine and revise bills; to act in a legal capacitycenter of parliamentary power(P33,3)“MPs” representing their constituenciesThree major functions(P33,4): to draft new laws to scrutinize the actions of the government to in

9、fluence the future government policyleader of the majority party head of the governmentcontrolling the ParliamentCenter of British political systemsupreme decision-making body chosen by the Prime MinisterCabinetministers (political)Civil service(non-political) High CourtCrown CourtMagistrates CourtH

10、igh CourtCounty CourtMagistrates Courta parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy A Guide to English-Speaking Countries2022-3-115III 3 types of party systems: (1) one-party systems (2) two-party systems (3) multi-party systems China: A system of multi-party cooperation and political cons

11、ultation under the leadership of the CPCa parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy A Guide to English-Speaking Countries2022-3-116Winston Churchill1940-1945, 19511955Margaret Thatcher 1979-1990 uBeing established in 1830s, from the Tory founded in 1678usupporting free enterprise自由企業(yè)自由企業(yè)

12、 and privatization私有化私有化 of state-owned enterpriseureducing the influence of trade unions and minimizing expenditures on social welfareulow taxesuPolicies: pragmatism and a belief in individualism(國家對經(jīng)濟、政治的國家對經(jīng)濟、政治的)不干涉主不干涉主義，自由放任主義義，自由放任主義umiddleandupper-middleclass (landowners, businessmen)uthe “R

13、ight”u1915-22coalition; 1922-24; 1924-29; 1931-45coalition; u1951-64; 1970-74; 1974-1979coalition;coalitiona parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy A Guide to English-Speaking Countries2022-3-117Tony Blair 1997-2007Gordon Brown 2007-2010ubeing created in 1900ureplacing Liberals自由黨自由黨

14、as one of two major parties by 1929uBelieving in an egalitarian: a socialist partyuHigh taxesuProviding public service: social welfare, education, public transport Setting up NationalHealthService(NHS)國民醫(yī)療保健制度國民醫(yī)療保健制度 Setting up welfare paymentsuNationalizing industries uWorkingclassandcommon people

15、uthe “Left” u1924, 1929-31, 1931-45coalition; , 1964-70, 1974-1979coalition;a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy A Guide to English-Speaking Countries2022-3-118Conservative PartyTimeLabor Party Mid-19thC (old)20thC (young)a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy A G

16、uide to English-Speaking Countries2022-3-119Conservative Party MeasuresLabor PartyNational Health Service(NHS)welfare paymentsNationalizing industries Privatization of nationalized industriesless welfare payments & public service a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy A Guide to

17、 English-Speaking Countries2022-3-1110Conservative Party CharacteristicsLabor Party a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy A Guide to English-Speaking Countries2022-3-1111Conservative Party SupportersLabor Party Working class middle and upper middle a parliamentary democracy and a c

18、onstitutional monarchy A Guide to English-Speaking Countries2022-3-1112v http:/www.parliament.ukv .ukv .uka parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy A Guide to English-Speaking Countries2022-3-1113wNext time: Group work: Exercises of Chap

19、ter 3 and 5 questions of TEM 8 Chapter 4 EconomywGroup work: Current British Economy(P46-50); Exercises of Chapter 4 and 5 questions of TEM 8 wGroup work: Chapter 5 Education, and relative exercises of the chapter Group work: Chapter 5 Media, and relative exercises of the chapter Group work: Chapter

20、 5 Holidays, and relative exercises of the chaptera parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy A Guide to English-Speaking Countries2022-3-11142022-3-1114 Ta parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy A Guide to English-Speaking Countries2022-3-11152022-3-1115The Queens Husband

21、pPrince Consort: Philip the son of Prince Andrew of Greece Duke of Edinburgh Prince of the United Kingdomvcousin Queen Victoria: great-great-grandmothervThe British royal family changed their last name from Saxe-Coburg-Gotha to Windsor in 1917. vThe Queen does not normally use a surname, but on the

22、few occasions where it has been necessary, she has used the surname Windsor. vHer childrens surname: Mountbatten-Windsor vMountbatten as Prince Philips surnamea parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy A Guide to English-Speaking Countries2022-3-11162022-3-1116Surname The Queen does not

23、 normally use a surname, but on the few occasions where it has been necessary, she has used the surname Windsor. Windsor The British royal family changed their last name from Saxe-Coburg-Gotha to Windsor in 1917. Why? WWI broke out in 1914 and anti-German sentiment was its height in 1917. In protest, King George V renounced all the German titles belonging to him and his family and adopted the name of his castle, Windsor. Mountbatten-Windsor Mountbatten as Prince Philips surnameRoyal family portrait, Aug. 22, 1951. (From left) Prince Charles, Queen Elizabeth, Princess Margaret, the duke of