小升初英語語法復(fù)習(xí)要點歸納(PEP版)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上（人教PEP版）小升初英語語法復(fù)習(xí)要點歸納一、名詞復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則 1一般情況下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2以s、x、sh、ch結(jié)尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4以“f或fe”結(jié)尾，變f或fe為v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives 5不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)： man-men, w

2、oman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 四大時態(tài)時態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)時間特征詞一般現(xiàn)在時動詞用原形或第三人稱單數(shù)（s/es）every day/week,often,usually,sometimes現(xiàn)在進行時be(am,is,are) + doingnow,look,listen一般將來時1.be going t

3、o +動詞原形2.will +動詞原形tomorrow,next week,this morning/afternoon一般過去時1.動詞過去式(ed/不規(guī)則的)2.be動詞過去式was / wereyesterday,last weekendbefore,2 days ago凡是在must, mustnt, can, cant, lets, dont, may，will后的一定要用動詞的原形口訣：1 時間是經(jīng)常，動詞要用原形或第三人稱單數(shù)。2 時間是現(xiàn)在，動詞要用現(xiàn)在進行時be doing 形式。3 時間是將來，動詞要用將來時be going to do（動詞原形）。4 時間是過去，動詞要用

4、過去式（-ed）或不規(guī)則形式。二、一般現(xiàn)在時 1一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性的動作，也可表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)或主語具備的性格和能力。 （關(guān)鍵時間：often, every day, every week, usually, sometimes）2一般現(xiàn)在時中，沒有be動詞和情態(tài)動詞，主語為第三人稱單數(shù)的肯定句，動詞要按規(guī)則加上s，主語是非第三人稱單數(shù)的肯定句，動詞用原形。 3在一般現(xiàn)在時中，句中有be動詞或情態(tài)動詞時，否定句在be動詞和情態(tài)動詞后加not，一般疑問句將be動詞或情態(tài)動詞放在句首。 4在一般現(xiàn)在時中，句中沒有be動詞或情態(tài)動詞時，主語為第三人稱單數(shù)的否定句在動詞前加does+not (d

5、oesnt)，一般疑問句在句首加does，句子中原有動詞用原形；主語為非第三人稱單數(shù)，否定句用do+not (dont)，一般疑問句在句首加do，句子中動詞用原形。 動詞+s的變化規(guī)則 1一般情況下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks 2 以s. x. sh. ch. o結(jié)尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：study-studies 三、現(xiàn)在進行時 1現(xiàn)在進行時表示現(xiàn)在正在進行或發(fā)生的動作，也可表示當前一段時間內(nèi)的活動或現(xiàn)階段正在

6、進行的動作。 （關(guān)鍵時間：now，look，listen）2現(xiàn)在進行時的肯定句基本結(jié)構(gòu)為be+動詞ing. 3現(xiàn)在進行時的否定句在be后加not。 4現(xiàn)在進行時的一般疑問句把be動詞調(diào)到句首。 動詞加ing的變化規(guī)則 1一般情況下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking 2以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting 3如果末尾是一個元音字母和一個輔音字母，雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping 四、一般將來時1定義：表示將要發(fā)生的事或打算、計劃、決定要做的事情。（關(guān)鍵時間：tomorrow，ne

7、xt week，tonight，this afternoon） 2肯定句：be going to +動詞原形，如：Jim is going to play football. 否定句：be not going to +動詞原形，如：Jim is not going to play football. 一般疑問句：把be動詞調(diào)到句首，如：Is Jim going to play football? 特殊疑問句：疑問詞+be+主語+going to+動詞原形？如：What is Jim going to do? 疑問詞當主語時：疑問詞+be+going to+動詞原形？如：Who is going

8、 to play football? 五、一般過去時 1一般過去時表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過去的時間狀語連用。一般過去時也表示過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作感謝。 （關(guān)鍵時間：last night，last weekend，yesterday）2Be動詞在一般過去時中的變化： am 和is在一般過去時中變?yōu)閣as。（was not=wasnt） are在一般過去時中變?yōu)閣ere。（were not=werent） 帶有was或were的句子，其否定、疑問的變化和is, am, are一樣，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑問句把was或were調(diào)到句首。 3句中沒有

9、be動詞的一般過去時的句子 否定句：didnt +動詞原形，如：Jim didnt go home yesterday. 一般疑問句：在句首加did，句子中的動詞過去式變回原形。如：Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑問句： 疑問詞+did+主語+動詞原形？如： What did Jim do yesterday? 疑問詞當主語時：疑問詞+動詞過去式？如：Who went to home yesterday? 動詞過去式變化規(guī)則： 1一般在動詞末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked 2結(jié)尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted 3末尾只有一個

10、元音字母和一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped 4以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的，變y為i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied 5不規(guī)則動詞過去式： am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drin

11、k-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat 六、Have、Has和There be結(jié)構(gòu) 1.There be結(jié)構(gòu)包括there is， there are ，there was， there were 2.意思都是“有”。 3.和have、has、had的區(qū)別： （1）There be 句型表示：在某地有某物（或人） （2）在there be 句型中，主語是單數(shù)，be 動詞用is ; 主語是復(fù)數(shù)，be 動詞用are ; 如有幾件物品，be 動詞根據(jù)最近be 動詞的那個名詞決定。 （3）th

12、ere be 句型的否定句在be 動詞后加not , 一般疑問句把be 動詞調(diào)到句首。 （4）there be句型與have(has) 的區(qū)別：there be 表示在某地有某物（或人）；have(has) 表示某人擁有某物。 （5）some 和any 在there be 句型中的運用：some 用于肯定句， any 用于否定句或疑問句。 （6）and 和or 在there be句型中的運用：and 用于肯定句， or 用于否定句或疑問句。 （7）針對數(shù)量提問的特殊疑問句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是： How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + are there + 介詞短語？ How much + 不可數(shù)名詞 +

13、 is there + 介詞短語？ （8）針對主語提問的特殊疑問句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是： Whats + 介詞短語？ （9）There be結(jié)構(gòu)一般用在句子的開頭，而have等詞只能用于某一個主語后面。七、形容詞的比較級1、形容詞比較級：在英語中，兩者進行比較，強調(diào)一方比另一方，可使用形容詞比較級than 結(jié)構(gòu)2語法歸納（形容詞比較級）情況加法例詞一般情況加ersmall-smaller以e結(jié)尾的詞加rlarge-larger以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞變y為i，再加ereasy-easier以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的詞將這輔音字母雙寫再加erhothotterthin-thinner3不規(guī)則形容詞比較級： go

14、od-better, beautiful- more beautiful八、數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞?；鶖?shù)用于表示數(shù)量多少，而基數(shù)詞用于表示次序，常在日期中出現(xiàn)。區(qū)別：基數(shù)詞前面沒有“the”；序數(shù)詞前一定要有“the”。1、超過二十以上的兩位數(shù)需要在個位和十位之間加上“-”。如：21 twenty-one2、序數(shù)詞一般加“th”，特殊的有：first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth；3、二十及二十以外的整十：twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth “第幾十幾”：前面整十不變，后面“幾”改為序數(shù)詞。如：88 eight

15、y-eighth巧記序數(shù)詞：1,2,3,特殊記,加th從4起; 8少t,9去e,逢5逢12 ve變f;2090,y要變ie;若是幾十幾,前基后序別倒位.九、特殊疑問詞的復(fù)習(xí)what（什么） what colour（什么顏色） what time（幾點） what day（星期幾） how（怎樣） how old（多大、幾歲）how many（多少） who（誰） how much (多少錢)when（什么時候） whose （誰的） where（在哪里） why（為什么） which（哪一個）（一） What：什么（問事情、事物；問愛好；問職業(yè)；問外貌）1.What is this/that?

16、 這/那是什么？It is a/an +名詞單數(shù)。2.What are these/those? 這些/那些是什么？They are +名詞復(fù)數(shù)。3.What is it? 它是什么？It is a/an +名詞單數(shù)。4.What are they? 他們/她們/它們是什么？They are +名詞復(fù)數(shù)。5.What is your sister like? 你姐姐長得怎么樣？She is tall and young.6.What does your sister like? 你姐姐喜歡什么？She likes diving.7.What do you usually do on the w

17、eekend?（一般現(xiàn)在時）I often visit my grandparents.8.What are you doing now?（現(xiàn)在進行時）I am reading a book.9.What are you going to do tomorrow?（一般將來時）I am going to watch TV tomorrow./I will watch TV tomorrow.10.What did you do last weekend?（一般過去時）I played football.與What有關(guān)的疑問詞短語：1. What colour：什么顏色（問顏色）2. What

18、time：幾點鐘（問時間/問幾點鐘）What time is it now? It is 7:30.3. What day：星期幾（問星期）What day is it today? It is Monday.4. What date：什么日期（問日期）What date is it today? It is June 1st.5. Whats the weather like today：（問天氣）天氣怎么樣？ It is sunny.What was the weather like yesterday? It was cloudy.6.Whats the matter with you?

19、（問病癥）你怎么了？I have a cold.7.Whats your favourtite food/colour/animal/sport/class/season?My favourite food/colour/animal/sport/class/season is8.Who is your favourite teacher? 誰是你最喜愛的老師？Mr Chen/Miss Li is my favourite teacher.（二） Where：在哪里（問地點、位置、方位）where 配動詞go1.Where do you usually go every weekend?（一般

20、現(xiàn)在時）I usually go to a park.2.Where are you going now?（現(xiàn)在進行時）你現(xiàn)在去哪里？I am going to U.S.A. now.我去美國。3.Where are you going to go tomorrow?（一般將來時）你明天打算去哪里？I am going to the bookstore tomorrow./ I will go to the bookstore. 我準備明天去書店。4.Where did you go last weekend?（一般過去時）你上個周末去了哪里？I went to Beijing last we

21、ekend.我上個周末去了北京。（三） Who：誰（問人）1.Who am I? You are Mike. 2.Who are you? I am Amy. 3.Who is he/she? He is Mike./ She is Amy. 4.Who are they? They are Mike and Amy.5.Who is the(this) boy / girl? He is Mike./ She is Amy. 6.Who is that man/woman? He is my father./ She is my mother.（四） Which ：哪一個（問具體事物）1.W

22、hich floor? It is on the 5th,Room 5A.2.Which bus can I take? You can take the No.3 bus.3.Which bus can you take? I can take the No.5 bus.4.Which bag is Mikes? The yellow bag is Mikes bag./The bigger one is Mikes bag.5.Which season do you like best? I like summer best.（五） When：什么時候（問時間）1.When is your

23、 birthday? (in+月份, on +月+日)(1)My birthday is in October./ Its in October.(2)My birthday is on October 5th./It is on October 5th.2.When is Teachers Day/National Day/Childrens Day/Womens Day?It is September 10th./October 1st./June 1st./March 8th.（六）Why：為什么（問原因；用because答）1.Why do you like summer? Becau

24、se I can swim in the sea.2.Why does Mike like fall? Because he can fly kites.3.Why do you like grapes? Because they are sweet.4.Why does John like apples? Because they are sweet.（七） How：怎樣（問交通方式；問身體狀況；問心情,問感覺）1.How are you?：你好嗎？（問身體狀況）I am fine,thanks.2.How do you feel?：你感覺怎樣？I feel sick.3.How does

25、Mike feel? （問心情）He feels happy./He is happy.與How有關(guān)的疑問詞短語：How many：多少（問數(shù)量） How much：多少前（問價錢）How tall：多高（問身高） How old：多少歲（問年齡）How heavy:多重（問體重） How big：多大（問尺碼、大?。〩ow long：多長（問長度） How large：多少平方（問面積）1. How many days are there in a week? There are 7.2.How many months are there in a year? There are 12.3.

26、How many seasons are there in a year? There are 4.4.How many people are there in your family? There are 4.5. How many brigdes are there in the picture? There is one.6. How many birds can you see? I can see 2 birds.7.How much is your pen? It is 2 yuan.8.How much are the books? They are 20 yuan.9.How

27、tall are you? I am 168 cm tall.10.How tall is your father? He is 180 cm tall.11.How old are you? I am 12 (years old.)12.How old is Mike? He is 11 (years old).13.How heavy are you? I am 35 kg.14.How heavy is Amy? She is 32 kg.15.How big are your feet? I wear size 37.16.How big are your brothers feet? He wears size 40.17.How long is the dogs tail? It is 10 cm long.18.How long are your legs? They are 90 cm long.19.How large is your ro