虛擬語氣詳解

1、虛擬語氣詳解虛擬語氣表示說話人的主觀愿望（往往與客觀事實相反），或是表示假象和猜測。 虛擬語氣無論從形式上還是時態(tài)上都比較復雜，需要歸類記憶。虛擬語氣大體分為三類：（1）_be_型虛擬_（2）_were _型虛擬_（3）_if _條件句及主 句虛擬下面會詳細說每種虛擬形式的特征和規(guī)律，考試時先判斷屬于哪種虛擬類型，剩下的皆是套路（1）be型虛擬（基本是套路）形式：should + _動詞原形，should_可以省略用法：1） 一表示 命令、建議、要求一”等意義詞語之后的賓語從句用be型虛擬，常見的詞如下 :dema nd, desire, in sist,_order, ask, comma

2、nd, propose, recomme nd, suggest, prefer, require, request等最常見的形式是這類動詞后面接著一個賓語從句，則賓語從句的謂語部分要用（should）+動詞原形來虛擬例:We dema nd that the meeti ng （ should） be postp on ed.The man ager suggested that we （should） work together.注意：有時候你所見到不一定是上述動詞引導的賓語從句，而是由上述詞變體后所引導主語從句（it 做形式主語，如：it is advised/ suggested/ r

3、equested/ ordered/ proposed that）、表語從句或同位語從句例如：It is required that the students （should） learn a foreign Ianguage. （主語從句）The requireme nt is that all the equipme nt in the meeti ng room（should） be checked twice before.（表語從句）We didn ' stand for his proposal that the meeting （should）be postp on ed

4、.（ 同位語從句）只要看到句中有上述動詞或其變體，不管詞性怎么變、句型怎么變，都用be型虛擬！特例：suggest和insist 這兩個比較特殊，當suggest作 暗示、表明、說明二 講，insist_作“堅持說”講，后面一般跟的是客觀事實，不需要虛擬這是一個比 較重要的考點，體會下面兩組句子：We all suggest that a lab （should） be built.我們都建議建一個實驗室。Her expressi on suggests that she is angry.她的表情說明她生氣了。She in sisted that we should find the sou

5、rce of the river.她堅持主張我們應該找到河的源頭。She in sisted that she had done no thi ng wrong.她堅持說自己沒做錯事。suggest的區(qū)別很明顯，但insist有點難辨別，一般來說如果insist后面跟的 是某種主張，或是堅持要做一件事，那么用虛擬。2）表示主觀看法，常表示某事是必要的、重要的。oo怎么怎么樣的”尤其是在it is +名詞/形容詞+ that從句”結構中，常見的形容詞包括：advisable,desirable,esse ntial,imperative,importa nt,n ecessary, obliga

6、tory,proper, dispe nsable, impossible, n atural, surpris ing等例如：It is advisable that you （should） leave now.It is necessary that teenagers （should） take part in outside activities.It is of great importanee that smoking （should） be banned in public area.依舊是套路，熟悉這些關鍵提示詞即可3）表示恐怕，擔心，以免，萬一 ”等，例如：if, lest

7、, in case, for fear that 等，后面的從句用（should） +動詞原形來虛擬注意：這里的if不是引導條件句，而是表示以防” 萬一”例: He took his rain coat with him in case it （should） rain.He took his rain coat with him for fear that he （should） be caught in the rai n.4）be型虛擬還用于表示 祝愿”的特殊結構，通常是 May +主語+動詞原形 例: May you be happy.幾乎不考，了解即可（2）were型虛擬（要推時態(tài)）

8、表達與事實情況相反、未曾實現(xiàn)的主觀愿望，形式如下：主觀表達的愿望從句謂語的形式與現(xiàn)在事實相反的愿望過去式（be動詞一律用were）與過去事實相反的愿望過去完成式had +過去分詞與將來事實相反的愿望過去將來式would/ could + 動詞原形用法：1）wish引導的賓語從句，表示 希望”例：I wish I were a bird.（ 對現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬）I wish you came here now._（_我希望你現(xiàn)在就來）I wish that I had passed the fi nal exam.（對過去情況虛擬，實際上未通過考試）I wish he would/ could c

9、ome to help me with my paper, but he will goon bus in ess next_week._（_對將來情況虛擬，實際上下周來不了 ）注意句子里的時間標志，有時沒有時間標志，就需要自行體會2） if only引導的感嘆句，表示 要是就好了”例：If only she were here at this moment.要是她此刻在這兒就好了。If only I had n 'made this mistake.要是我沒犯這個錯誤就好了。If only you would / could atte nd my wedd ing.禮就好了。（現(xiàn)在也

10、會用過去式表示將來，但是表示將來的不怎么會考，所以無 需糾結）3） would rather, would sooner, would prefer, had rather等引導的賓語從 句，表示寧愿，但愿”例: I would rather you came here now.l would rather he had n 'told me the truth.I ' rather you went tomorrow.（同樣也會用過去式表示將來）4） as if / as though引導的狀語從句，表示 似乎，好像.”與事實情況 相反或幾乎不大可能會發(fā)生例: She spe

11、aks as though she were sick.He talked about the film as if he had seen it before.It seems as if the meeting would never end.注意：如果as if / as though后面跟的是事實或者近乎事實，則不需要虛擬， 只能意會不能言傳，對比一下下面兩句話就知道了，但這并不是高頻考點It seemsas if he has no worries. 看起來他似乎沒有煩惱，是真的沒有煩惱。It seems as if he had no worries.他只是看起來沒煩惱，其實內心世

12、界很糾結。（3）if 條件句及主句虛擬if引導的條件句分為真實條件句和非真實條件句，非真實條件句的主句和從句 都要用虛擬語氣，表示根本不存在的情況或可能性很小的假設。主句和從句都有一定套路，而且要根據(jù)時態(tài)搭配使用，具體見下表：從句（if）主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反過去式（be動詞都用were）would/ could/ might/ should+動詞原形與過去事實相反過去完成式would/ could/ might/ should+現(xiàn)在完成時與將來事實相反過去式/ should+動詞原形/ were to dowould/ could/ might/ should+動詞原形例: If I had e

13、no ugh mon ey, I would buy myself a computer.If we had had eno ugh rain last year, we could have gained a good harvest.If I should see/ were to see/ saw him tomorrow, I would in vite him home.would, could, might, should在意思上稍有區(qū)別，would語氣肯定，表示十有八九會出現(xiàn)的結果；could表示能夠；might表示或許；should表示應該，但這 個區(qū)別真的不重要 考試也不會在

14、這個上面做文章，自己稍稍理解體會，留個印 象就行。注意_1:表格中的是最基本的規(guī)則，主句和從句發(fā)生在同一個時空（假如我當 初怎樣，那么我當時就會怎樣，都是發(fā)生在過去時間；假如我現(xiàn)在怎樣，我現(xiàn)在 就會怎么怎么，都是發(fā)生在當下）。但也會有些情況，主從句動作發(fā)生的時間不 一致（假如我以前怎么樣，我現(xiàn)在就會怎樣；假如我現(xiàn)在怎樣，我將來就會怎樣。）我們把這種類型的句子稱作 錯綜時間”虛擬條件句，看上去很厲害的樣子， 其實只需要把主從句分開獨立分析，看主、從句分別是對什么時間的虛擬，各自 對應表格就行。關鍵是先判斷主、從句發(fā)生時間是否一致，考試很喜歡考例：If you had worked hard, y

15、ou would be very tired.如果你剛才認真工作了，你現(xiàn)在就會很累。主句對現(xiàn)在虛擬，從句對過去虛擬。If you followed my advice now, you would succeed in the final exam n ext mon th.要是你現(xiàn)在聽我的話，下個月的期末考肯定沒問題。主句對將來虛擬，從句 對現(xiàn)在虛擬。注意_2：虛實混用，有的部分是真實的，有的部分是虛擬的，非真實的部分才虛擬，真實的部分用正常語法形式例：If I had bee n at the con cert yesterday eve ning, I should have met t

16、he famous singer. But I failed to get a ticket.前面是對過去的虛擬，是沒發(fā)生的，但是沒買到是真實發(fā)生的，所以正常用過去式即可。注意3：倒裝結構：if從句中如果含有were，should， had時可以省略if，將were，should， had倒裝至主語之前。例: If I were_you, I would apply for the job.> Were I you, I wouldapply for the job.If you had take n myadvice, you would n ' have failed in

17、the exam in ati on. > Hadyou take n myadvice, you would n ' have failed in the exam in ati on.If he should arrive there in advanee, I would show him around London. > Should he arrive there in adva nee, I would show him around London.注意_4：有時假設的情況并不用if從句表示出來，而是通過一個介詞/介詞短語(without, but for 等)

18、、副詞(otherwise )、連詞(or, but, but that 等)、 were it_not_for 、had_it_not_been_for, 這屬于含蓄的虛擬語氣。雖然沒出現(xiàn) if，還是按照前面說的套路來例: Without air, there wouldn'be living things in the world.But for your advice, I would have failed.He came to town yesterday, otherwise/ or I would not have met him.She would have come to see you, but she was so busy that day.注意：were it not for + 名詞/名詞短語、had it not been for + 名詞/名詞短 語，這兩個結構也是