托福寫作提分系統(tǒng)訓(xùn)練

1、托福寫作提分如何系統(tǒng)科學(xué)的訓(xùn)練寫作訓(xùn)練方法1-5 篇 不限時(shí)寫作 結(jié)構(gòu)完整 300 字以上6-10 篇 1 小時(shí) 350 字以上 結(jié)構(gòu)完整要求：檢查語法、拼寫錯(cuò)誤跑題、表達(dá)不清問題11-20 篇 半小時(shí) 400 字以上要求：檢查語法、拼寫錯(cuò)誤跑題、表達(dá)不清問題潤飾文章理由不能太具體 否則不容易展開 要擅于利用 “萬金由 ”各個(gè)理由的關(guān)系，必須是并列關(guān)系，排列順序由段落長短來決定。開頭 1 背景 +論題 +各方觀點(diǎn)的理由 +作者論點(diǎn)和理由背景 +論題 +反方觀點(diǎn) +(反方理由 )+過渡 +作者觀點(diǎn) +作者理由開頭段寫理由的好處怎樣寫背景：提出一種普遍的或值得關(guān)注的現(xiàn)象(緊扣論題 )作為背景從遠(yuǎn)到

2、近，由大到小，談?wù)摼o扣論題的社會(huì)觀點(diǎn)作為背景官方、權(quán)威數(shù)據(jù)，調(diào)查研究結(jié)果開頭 2 事例 +論題 +各方觀點(diǎn) (和理由 )+作者理由和論點(diǎn) 媒體 (電視、電臺(tái)、報(bào)紙、雜志和網(wǎng)絡(luò))的報(bào)道 朋友、鄰居、同事的故事開頭 3 問題 +論題 +各方觀點(diǎn) (和理由 )+作者論點(diǎn)和理由把背景用問題方式提出連續(xù)提問 (煽情式提問 )開頭 4 “引語 ”+論題 +各方觀點(diǎn) (和理由 )+作者論點(diǎn)和理由主題句必須是陳述句 必須表面觀點(diǎn) 不要直接寫事實(shí) 由觀點(diǎn)到事實(shí)態(tài)度必須堅(jiān)決 每段都要有主題句通常位于段首或段末結(jié)尾總結(jié)全文 (論點(diǎn) +各方觀點(diǎn) )+重述論點(diǎn)和理由 +提出建議 / 解決問題 / 深化意義把對方的優(yōu)點(diǎn)移

3、植到己方，把己方的觀點(diǎn)消滅掉，提出實(shí)施方案和注意事項(xiàng)深化意義 =展望未來 +對國家社會(huì)的好處黃金規(guī)則一 The longer, the better 每一個(gè)論點(diǎn)都要有理由 每一個(gè)理由都要有例子 每一個(gè)例子都要有細(xì)節(jié)黃金規(guī)則二 -“萬金由 ”黃金規(guī)則三 重述語意的技巧使用同義詞進(jìn)行替換使用同根詞進(jìn)行替換Oppose-oppositionBuild-buildingAnnounce-announcementExplain-explanation使用短語進(jìn)行替換(Support) argue for/vote for/be in favor of(Oppose) argue against/vote

4、 against/object to/be opposed to使用全新的表達(dá)法進(jìn)行替換A company has announced that it wishes to build a large factory near the community.-a large factory is supposed to built near the community according to the announcementissued by a company.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this new influence on y

5、our community.-There is a growing awareness of both the positive and negative influences that theconstruction plan brings to our community.黃金規(guī)則四 -黃金句型 priceless sentence patterns超酷超炫超難句型大比拼注意：主題句 盡可能 2-1 格式 細(xì)節(jié)提升每個(gè)段落開頭1. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句 (1-2)2. The more ,the more-2)(1The more frequently we communicate with famil

6、y members, the more harmonious therelationship in the family between us is.(只要涉及交流都可以用 )3. 倒裝句 (2-3) So that 以.至于So big is the classroom that it may hold ten thousand people.So fast doeshe run that the train couldn t catch up with him. As as(more than 比較)結(jié)構(gòu)I run as fast as he did-I run as fast as di

7、d he. 表示地點(diǎn)、位置、范圍、處所的狀語或表語提前至句首My sister is among those students.-Among those students is my sister. 分詞或形容詞短語提前至句首主語 (+定語 )+be+形容詞 / 過去分詞 / 不及物動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞 +介詞 +名詞主語 (+定語 )+be+及物動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞 +n.E.g. Contrary to/coincident with the opinion of many people is my heartfelt (忠心的 ) objectionto/agreement with the idea

8、that students should study together with classmates.Those people/parents who hold the opinion that money is the only symbol of success aresatisfied with/contented with/interested in/worried about/opposed to their children finding a high-paying and long-working job.-Satisfied with/contented with/inte

9、rested in/worriedabout/opposed to their children finding a high-paying and long-working job are those people/parents who hold the opinion that money is the only symbol of successArguing for those students living outside the campus are those people who hold the opinion that independence is the most c

10、ritical characteristic of a university student 形容詞 +though/as+主語 +謂語 +主句Rich though he is, he is unhappy.Though the advantages (that owning a business enjoys/leads to/results in) are considerable/wonderful/numerous, they can not compete with the benefits (that working for others brings about/causes)

11、, when/if responsibility is taken into consideration/deliberation/account.Though the advantages that living in outside the campus enjoys are considerable, they can not compete with the benefits that living in inside the campus brings about, when safety is taken intoconsideration.(通常用在第一段的最后一句話提出文章論點(diǎn)

12、和理由，2-1 文章的承上啟下部分或文章的結(jié)尾 ) - considerable though the advantages that living in outside thecampus enjoys are, they can not compete with the benefits that living in inside the campus brings about, when safety is taken into consideration. 表示否定的副詞或短語 +助動(dòng)詞 +主語 +謂語 +其他成分No/not/never/Neither/nor/ ( 全部否定 )se

13、ldom/rarely/barely/scarcely/hardly( 部分否定 )Never will I form an idea that bicycles affect human beings life style most profoundly amtransportation means. Only+ 狀語置于句首 +助動(dòng)詞 +主語 +謂語 +其他成分Only though this crisis do I understand that you love me best in the world.3. 比較結(jié)構(gòu)和倍數(shù)關(guān)系 (1-2)As asA is five times as

14、 big as BA is five times bigger than BA is five times the size of B.4. 修辭問句 (1-2)When human beings enjoy their happy life, isn t it necessaryve thatsometheyconsiderationgi tothose cute animals without enough playing ground?When those people enjoy their happy life outside campus, isn t it necessary t

15、hat they giveconsideration to the great opportunities with their classmates if they live inside campus?When those people enjoy convenience brought by automobiles, isn t it necessary that they gsome consideration to the heavily polluted air and those people who are injured severely (had) in the car a

16、ccidents?When people enjoy the convenience brought the construction plan, isn t it necessary that theygive some consideration to the heavily polluted air and those people who are injured severely or die in the car accident because of the traffic jam after the construction of the factory?5. 并列結(jié)構(gòu) (2-3

17、)Teaching machines are devices that can store instructional information, present displays, receive response from a learner, and act on those responses.6. 虛擬語氣 闡述各種假定的惡劣后果時(shí)，可以使用虛擬語氣。If we built a factory in our community, there would be much pollution. 表示建議時(shí)，可以使用虛擬語氣。I suggest he (should) go now 論及不太

18、可能會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)或不可能會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)或不希望會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情時(shí)，可以使用虛擬語氣。7. 插入語 (2-3 次 )重要的插入語列舉：l indeed， surely， (however，nevertheless，nonetheless，admittedly, notwithstanding) 轉(zhuǎn)折，意思完全一樣 , obviously， besides, furthermore, briefly, similarly,l honestlyfranklygenerally (speaking)，naturally， luckilyfortunately ，astonishingly, conversely, un

19、deniably, undoubtedlyl strange to say， needless to say， most important of all ， worse of alll in sumshort summary ， in other words ， in a sense， in general， in my viewopinionjudgment ，l in consequence, in conclusionl in the first place，in additionl On the contrary, in contrastl to my joydelightsatis

20、faction surpriseastonishmentamazement regret disappointment，l of course,l for instanceexample,l in fact, as a matter of factl to be sure， to sum up， to tell the truth, to start with ，l I am sure， I believewondersuppose ， it seems， as I see it， what is important (serious)， I m afraid， it is said語言的雕琢

21、聰明的 clever brilliant smart intelligent wise genius bright talented gifted quick-witted quick-minded ingenious非常 very extremely extraordinarily highly unusually pretty considerably remarkably amazingly astonishingly surprisingly impressively noticeable notably著名的 well-known famed noted celebrated ren

22、owned eminentEnjoy a nation-wide/world-wide fame/name/recognition/Celebrity/eminence /reputation be widely recognized acknowledged關(guān)于 regarding concerning involving as regards relating to with respect to with regard to with reference to with relation toE.g.: Concerning this issue, as far as I am conc

23、erned,I think you are very famous and cleverFrom my point of view, you are extraordinarily well-known and intelligent.文章中禁止使用的項(xiàng)目About ,get ,famous, clever, very, lovely, good, bad, big, many, important在每個(gè)名詞前，試圖加上一個(gè)形容詞;在每個(gè)形容詞前，試圖加上一個(gè)副詞詞匯選擇的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)UnderstandableAcceptableCorrect e.g. a slim/ample opportuni

24、ty take care of yourselfPlaywright(劇作家 )Gain/obtain/accumulate/acquire knowledge( 獲得知識(shí) )AppropriateExactIdiomatic(合乎語言習(xí)慣的 )Interesting段落的實(shí)現(xiàn)例證法 每個(gè)理由后面必須同時(shí)有例子每篇文章至少兩個(gè)例子提出論點(diǎn) -列舉事例 -分析事例 -得出結(jié)論 -(重述論點(diǎn) )我認(rèn)為 -因?yàn)槲矣X得 -比如說 -你看舉例之后 一定要強(qiáng)調(diào)這樣的例子不勝枚舉。Abraham Lincoln因果法 提出論點(diǎn) -原因 -分析條件 (如果這樣會(huì)有什么好處/ 壞處，而這正是我們所需要/ 擔(dān)心的

25、 )-得出結(jié)果Lead to/result inresult fromBecause of/due to/thanks to/owing to/by reason of/on account ofFor 表示 “因?yàn)?”時(shí)不能放在句首Because/for/since/asAs a result/outcome/consequence ofIn consequence/in the end/consequentlyTherefore/thereby/hence/thus( 副詞 )So(連詞 ) 比較對照法 (整體、分項(xiàng)比較 )整體比較的好處：寫起來容易整體印象完整 缺點(diǎn)：兩者對比不鮮明分項(xiàng)比

26、較的好處：兩者對比特別鮮明缺點(diǎn)：零碎的印象，大量的重復(fù)Interweave 交織 分類法 / 并列法總論點(diǎn)分論點(diǎn)一在 A方面在B方面在 C方面分論點(diǎn)二分論點(diǎn)三定義法銜接手段使用連接詞和短語 (表示并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、遞進(jìn)、因果、比較、對照、舉例)使用代詞使用語意粘連舉例：同意建工廠常用詞匯和結(jié)構(gòu)表示第一項(xiàng)Firstly, to begin/start with, first of all, in the first place, on the one hand, the most important reason is, first and foremost另一項(xiàng) secondly, in the second place, on the other hand, besides, further more, additionally, in addition, moreover, equally important is, also, too, another最后一項(xiàng) last but not the least, most important of all, finally, thirdly, another point/reason題型分類：觀點(diǎn)選擇 給出兩個(gè)對立觀點(diǎn)或者一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)的對立兩個(gè)方面，要