li太陽能電池中英文翻譯PhotovoltaicSystemDesign光伏系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)

1、PhotovoltaicSystemDesign1IntroductionAfterPVworkersunremittingefforts,solarcellproductiontechnologyconstantlyimprove,andincreasinglywidelyusedinvariousfields.Postsandtelecommunicationsinparticular,thetelecommunicationsindustryinrecentyearsbecauseoftherapiddevelopmentofcommunicationpowerrequirementsh

2、avebecomemoresophisticated,sostableandreliablepowerSolarenergyiswidelyusedincommunications.Andhowthevariousregionsofsolarradiationconditions,tothedesignofbotheconomicandreliablephotovoltaicpowersystem,whichisoneofthemanyexpertsandscholarsstudythelong-standingissue,buttherearemanyexcellentresearchres

3、ults,forthedevelopmentofChina'sphotovoltaiclaidasolidfoundation.Theauthorofthestudyatthedesignmethodologyofexpertsfoundthatthedesignhasonlyconsideredtheself-maintenanceofbatterytime(thatis,thelongestconsecutiverainydays),withouttakingintoaccountthelossofelectricbatteriesassoonaspossibleafterther

4、ecoverytime(ie,twosetsofthelongestcontinuousraindays,theshortestintervalbetweenthedays).ThisproblemparticularlyinthesouthernChinaregionshouldpaygreatattentiontothesouthernregionbecauseofourrainydayislongtoo,andfortheconvenienceofindependentphotovoltaicpowersystem,becausethereisnootheremergencybackup

5、powerprotection,sothisproblemshouldbeincludedinthedesignconsideredtogether.Inthispaper,anintegrateddesignmethodofthepreviousadvantages,combinedwiththeauthorovertheyearsactuallyengagedinthedesignofphotovoltaicpowersystemsexperience,theintroductionoftwosetsofthelongestconsecutiverainydays,theshortesti

6、ntervalbetweenthenumberofdaysasthebasisforthedesignofone,andcomprehensiveconsiderationofthetheimpactofsolarradiationconditionsofthefactorsthatmadesolarcells,theformulaforcalculatingbatterycapacity,andrelateddesignmethods.2 ManyfactorsaffectthedesignSunsolarcellsonthegroundsquareontheradiationoflight

7、spectrum,lightintensitybythethicknessoftheatmosphere(ieairquality),geographiclocation,thelocationoftheclimateandweather,terrainandsurfacefeaturessuchastheimpactofitsenergyinoneday,Januaryandayearofgreatchange,orevenyearsbetweenthetotalannualamountofradiationTherewerealsolargedifferences.Squaresolarp

8、hotoelectricconversionefficiency,bythebatteryitself,temperature,sunlightintensityandbatteryvoltagefluctuations,whichisthreeinonedaywillchange,sosquarephotovoltaicsolarcellconversionefficiencyisalsovariable.Batteryischarginginthefloatstate,withthesquareofitsvoltageoutputandloadpowerconsumptionchanges

9、.Batteriestoprovideenergyisalsoaffectedbyenvironmentaltemperature.Solarenergybatterychargeanddischargecontrollermadebytheelectroniccomponentsmanufacturer,itisalsonecessaryenergy,whiletheuseofcomponentsofperformance,quality,etc.isalsorelatedtothesizeofenergyconsumption,thusaffectingtheefficiencyofcha

10、rge.Loadofelectricity,butalsoasdeterminedbyuses,suchascommunicationsrelaystations,unmannedweatherstationsandsoon,haveafixedpowerequipment.Someequipmentsuchasalighthouse,beaconlights,civilianpowerconsumptionsuchaslightingandequipmentpowerconsumptionareoftenchanging.Therefore,thesolarpowersystemdesign

11、,theneedtoconsidermanyfactorsandcomplex.Characteristicsare:thedatausedinmostpreviousstatisticaldata,thestatisticaldatameasurementanddataselectionareimportant.Designersofthemissionare:Inthesolarcellmatrixundertheconditionsoftheenvironment(thatis,thesceneofthegeographicallocation,solarradiation,climat

12、e,weather,terrainandsurfacefeatures,etc.),thedesignofsolarcellandbatterypowersystemmatrixisWeshouldpayattentiontoeconomicefficiency,butalsotoensuresystemreliability.Locationofaparticularenergyofsolarradiationdatatometeorologicalinformationprovidedthebasisforthedesignofsolarcellsusedphalanx.Thesemete

13、orologicaldatarequiredtochecktheaccumulationofseveralyearsorevendecadesonaverage.VariousregionsontheEarthbysunlightandradiationchangesinthecyclefortheday,24h.Inasquareareaofsolarcellsalsohavethepoweroutput24hofthecyclicalchangesinitslawsandsunradiationintheregion,thechangesofthesame.However,changesi

14、nweatherwillaffectthesquareofthegeneratingcapacity.Ifyouhaveafewdaysconsecutiveraindays,almostsquareonthepowergenerationshouldnotrelyonbatteriestopower,andbatterydepthofdischargeandthenneedtobeaddedassoonaspossiblegood.Mostdesignersinordertoweatherthesuntoprovideadailytotalofradiationenergyortheannu

15、alaveragesunshinehoursasthedesignofthemaindata.Eachyearbecauseofaregionaldataisnotthesameasforthesakeofreliabilityshouldbetakenwithinthelastdecadeoftheminimumdata.Undertheloadofelectricityconsumption,insunshineandnosunshinewhenbatterypowerisrequired.Weatherprovidedbysolarpowerorthetotalamountofradia

16、tionthetotalsunshinehoursonthebatterycapacityofthesizeofthedecisionisindispensabledata.Phalanxofthesolarcell,theloadshouldincludeallpowersystemdevices(exceptforusebutalsohaveabatteryandelectricalcircuits,controllers,etc.)consumption.Matrixcomponentsoftheoutputpowerandthenumberofseries-parallel,andse

17、riesarerequiredinordertoobtaintheoperatingvoltage,inparallelarenecessaryinordertoobtainthecurrentwork,anappropriatenumberofcomponentsthroughwhichthecompositionofseries-parallelconnectionofsolarcellsrequiredphalanx.3 DesignedcapacityofbatteriesSolarcellpowersupplysystemisthebatteryenergystoragedevice

18、s.AndsolarcellbatteriesareusuallysquarematchingjobatFloatingstate,withthesquareofitsvoltageoutputandloadpowerconsumptionchanges.Itsloadcapacitythanthepowerrequiredismuchgreater.Batteriestoprovideenergyisalsoaffectedbyenvironmentaltemperature.Andsolarcellsinordertomatchthejobrequirementsoflonglifebat

19、teryandeasymaintenance.(1)BatterySelectionAndbeabletosupporttheuseofsolarcells,manydifferenttypesofbatteries,widelyusedatpresenthavelead-acidmaintenance-freebatteries,ordinarylead-acidbatteriesandalkalinenickel-cadmiumbatteriesofthree.Domesticusearemainlymaintenance-freelead-acidbatteries,becauseofi

20、tsinherent"free"maintenanceofpropertiesandlesspollutingtotheenvironmentcharacteristics,itissuitablefortheperformanceofreliablepowersystemssolarpower,especiallyinunattendedworkstations.Ordinarylead-acidbatteriesrequireregularmaintenancebecauseofitslargerenvironmentalpollution,sothemainsuita

21、bleforthemaintenanceoftheabilityorhavetheuseoflow-gradeoccasions.Althoughalkalinenickel-cadmiumbatterieshavebetterlow-temperature,over-charge,take-offperformance,butbecauseoftheirhigherprices,onlyappliestomorespecialoccasions.(2)CalculationofbatterycapacityBatterycapacitytoensurecontinuouspowersuppl

22、yisveryimportant.Atoneyear,themonthofmatrixgenerationhasverydifferent.Phalanxatthegeneratingcapacitycannotmeettheelectricityneedsofthemonth,torelyonbatterypowergivesupplement;electricityrequiredinmorethanmonth,arerelyingonbatteriestostoreexcessenergy.Phalanxsoinadequategeneratingcapacityandsurplusva

23、lue,istodeterminethebasisforoneofthebatterycapacity.Similarly,thecontinuousovercastandrainydaysduringtheloadofelectricitymustalsobeobtainedfromthebattery.Therefore,thepowerconsumptionduringthisperiodtodeterminethebatterycapacityisalsooneofthefactors.光伏系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)1 引言經(jīng)過光伏工作者們堅(jiān)持不懈的努力，太陽能電池的生產(chǎn)技術(shù)不斷得到提高，并且日益廣泛地

24、應(yīng)用于各個(gè)領(lǐng)域。特別是郵電通信方面，由于近年來通信行業(yè)的迅猛開展，對(duì)通信電源的要求也越來越高，所以穩(wěn)定可靠的太陽能電源被廣泛使用于通信領(lǐng)域。而如何根據(jù)各地區(qū)太陽能輻射條件，來設(shè)計(jì)出既經(jīng)濟(jì)而又可靠的光伏電源系統(tǒng)，這是眾多專家學(xué)者研究已久的課題，而且已有許多卓越的研究成果，為我國光伏事業(yè)的開展奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的根底。筆者在學(xué)習(xí)各專家的設(shè)計(jì)方法時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)，這些設(shè)計(jì)僅考慮了蓄電池的自維持時(shí)間即最長連續(xù)陰雨天，而沒有考慮到虧電后的蓄電池最短恢復(fù)時(shí)間即兩組最長連續(xù)陰雨天之間的最短間隔天數(shù)。這個(gè)問題尤其在我國南方地區(qū)應(yīng)引起高度重視，因?yàn)槲覈戏降貐^(qū)陰雨天既長又多，而對(duì)于方便適用的獨(dú)立光伏電源系統(tǒng)，由于沒有應(yīng)急的其他電

25、源保護(hù)備用，所以應(yīng)該將此問題納入設(shè)計(jì)中一起考慮。本文綜合以往各設(shè)計(jì)方法的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，結(jié)合筆者多年來實(shí)際從事光伏電源系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)工作的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，引入兩組最長連續(xù)陰雨天之間的最短間隔天數(shù)作為設(shè)計(jì)的依據(jù)之一，并綜合考慮了各種影響太陽能輻射條件的因素，提出了太陽能電池、蓄電池容量的計(jì)算公式，及相關(guān)設(shè)計(jì)方法。2 影響設(shè)計(jì)的諸多因素太陽照在地面太陽能電池方陣上的輻射光的光譜、光強(qiáng)受到大氣層厚度即大氣質(zhì)量、地理位置、所在地的氣候和氣象、地形地物等的影響，其能量在一日、一月和一年內(nèi)都有很大的變化，甚至各年之間的每年總輻射量也有較大的差異。太陽能電池方陣的光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率，受到電池本身的溫度、太陽光強(qiáng)和蓄電池電壓浮動(dòng)的影響，而這

26、三者在一天內(nèi)都會(huì)發(fā)生變化，所以太陽能電池方陣的光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率也是變量。蓄電池組也是工作在浮充電狀態(tài)下的，其電壓隨方陣發(fā)電量和負(fù)載用電量的變化而變化。蓄電池提供的能量還受環(huán)境溫度的影響。太陽能電池充放電控制器由電子元器件制造而成，它本身也需要耗能，而使用的元器件的性能、質(zhì)量等也關(guān)系到耗能的大小，從而影響到充電的效率等。負(fù)載的用電情況，也視用途而定，如通信中繼站、無人氣象站等，有固定的設(shè)備耗電量。而有些設(shè)備如燈塔、航標(biāo)燈、民用照明及生活用電等設(shè)備，用電量是經(jīng)常有變化的。因此，太陽能電源系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)，需要考慮的因素多而復(fù)雜。特點(diǎn)是：所用的數(shù)據(jù)大多為以前統(tǒng)計(jì)的數(shù)據(jù)，各統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)的測(cè)量以及數(shù)據(jù)的選擇是重要的。設(shè)計(jì)者的任務(wù)是：在太陽能電池方陣所處的環(huán)境條件下即現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的地理位置、太陽輻射能、氣候、氣象、地形和地物等，設(shè)計(jì)的太陽能電池方陣及蓄電池電源系統(tǒng)既要講究經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，又要保證系統(tǒng)的高可靠性。某特定地點(diǎn)的太陽輻射能量數(shù)據(jù)，以氣象臺(tái)提供的資料為依據(jù)，供設(shè)計(jì)太陽能電池方陣用。這些氣象數(shù)據(jù)需取積累幾年甚至幾十年的平均值。地球上各地區(qū)受太陽光照射及輻射能變化的周期為一天24h。處在某一地區(qū)的太陽能電池方陣的發(fā)電量也有24h的周期性的變化，其規(guī)律與太陽照在該地區(qū)輻射