MBA考研英語(yǔ)二真題及答案

1、2019年MBA/MPA考研英語(yǔ)（二）真題及答案SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Weighingyourselfregularlyisawonderfulwaytostayawareofanysignificantweightfluctuations.1,whendonetoooften,thishabitcansometimeshurtmorethanit2.

2、Asforme,weighingmyselfeverydaycausedmetoshiftmyfocusfrombeinggenerallyhealthyandphysicallyactivetofocusing3onthescale.Thatwasbadtomyoverallfitnessgoals.Ihadgainedweightintheformofmusclemass,butthinkingonlyof4thenumberonthescale,Ialteredmytrainingprogram.ThatconflictedwithhowIneededtotrainto5mygoals.

3、Ialsofoundthatweighingmyselfdailydidnotprovideanaccurate6ofthehardworkandprogressIwasmakinginthegym.Ittakesaboutthreeweekstoamonthtonoticeanysignificantchangesinyourweight7alteringyourtrainingprogram.Themost8changeswillbeobservedinskilllevel,strengthandincheslostForthese9,Istoppedweighingmyselfevery

4、dayandswitchedtoabimonthlyweighingschedule10.Sinceweightlossisnotmygoal,itislessimportantformeto_11_myweighteachweek.Weighingeveryotherweekallowsmetoobserveand12anysignificantweightchanges.ThattellsmewhetherIneedto13mytrainingprogram.Iusemybimonthlyweigh-in14togetinformationaboutmynutritionaswell.If

5、mytrainingintensityremainsthesame,butI'mconstantly15anddroppingweight,thisisa16thatIneedtoincreasemydailycaloricintake.The17tostopweighingmyselfeverydayhasdonewondersformyoverallhealth,fitnessandwell-being.I'mexperiencingincreasedzealforworkingoutsinceInolongercarrytheburdenofa18morningweigh

6、-in.I'vealsoexperiencedgreatersuccessinachievingmyspecificfitnessgoals,19I'mtrainingaccordingtothosegoals,notthenumbersonascale.Ratherthan20overthescale,turnyourfocustohowyoulook,feelhowyourclothesfitandyouroverallenergylevel.1. ABesidesBThereforeCOtherwiseDHowever2. AhelpsBcaresCwarnsDreduc

7、es3. AinitiallyBsolelyCoccasionallyDformally4. ArecordingBloweringCexplainingDaccepting5. AmodifyBsetCreviewDreach6. AdefinitionBdepictionCdistributionDprediction7. AduetoBregardlessofCasidefromDalongwith8. AorderlyBrigidCpreciseDimmediate9. AclaimsBjudgmentsCreasonsDmethods10. AinsteadBthoughCagain

8、Dindeed11. AreportBshareCshareDshare12. AdependonBapproveofCholdontoDaccountfor13. AprepareBshareCshareDshare14. AresultsBfeaturesCrulesDtests15. AboredBanxiousChungryDsick16. AprincipleBsecretCbeliefDsign17. ArequestBnecessityCdecisionDwish18. AdisappointingBsurprisingCrestrictingDconsuming19. Aifb

9、ecauseBunlessCuntilDconsuming20. AobsessingBdominatingCpuzzlingDtriumphing1-20參考答案：CDAACADCBDACBDBCBDADSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Unlikeso-calledbasicemotionss

10、uchassadness,fear,andanger,guiltemergesalittlelater,inconjunctionwithachildsgrowinggraspofsocialandmoralnorms.Childrenarentbornknowinghowtosay“Imsorry”;rather,theylearnovertimethatsuchstatementsappeaseparentsandfriends-andtheirownconsciences.Thisiswhyresearchersgenerallyregardso-calledmoralguilt,int

11、herightamount,tobeagoodthing.Inthepopularimagination,ofcourse,guiltstillgetsabadrap.Itisdeeplyuncomfortable-it'stheemotionalequivalentofwearingajacketweightedwithstones.Yetthisunderstandingisoutdated.“Therehasbeenakindofrevivalorarethinkingaboutwhatguiltisandwhatroleguiltcanserve,”saysAmrishaVai

12、sh,apsychologyresearcherattheUniversityofVirginia,addingthatthisrevivalispartofalargerrecognitionthatemotionsarentbinary-feelingsthatmaybeadvantageousinonecontextmaybeharmfulinanother.Jealousyandanger,forexample,mayhaveevolvedtoalertustoimportantinequalities.Toomuchhappinesscanbedestructive.Andquilt

13、,bypromptingustothinkmoredeeplyaboutourgoodness,canencouragehumanstomakeupforerrorsandfixrelationships.Guilt,inotherwords,canhelpholdacooperativespeciestogether.Itisakindofsocialglue.Viewedinthislight,guiltisanopportunity.WorkbyTinaMalti,apsychologyprofessorattheUniversityofToronto,suggeststhatguilt

14、maycompensateforanemotionaldeficiency.Inanumberofstudies,Maltiandothershaveshownthatguiltandsympathymayrepresentdifferentpathwaystocooperationandsharing.SomeKidswhoarelowinsympathymaymakeupforthatshortfallbyexperiencingmoreguilt,whichcanreinintheirnastierimpulses.Andviceversa:Highsympathycansubstitu

15、teforlowguilt.Ina2014study,forexample,Maltilookedat244children.Usingcaregiverassessmentsandthechildrensself-observations,sheratedeachchildsoverallsympathylevelandhisorhertendencytofeelnegativeemotionsaftermoraltransgressions.Thenthekidswerehandedchocolatecoins,andgivenachancetosharethemwithananonymo

16、uschild.Forthelow-sympathykids,howmuchtheysharedappearedtoturnonhowinclinedtheyweretofeelguilty.Theguilt-proneonessharemore,eventhoughtheyhadntmagicallybecomemoresympathetictotheotherchildsdeprivation.“Thatsgoodnews,”Maltisays,“Wecanbeprosocialbecausewecausedharmandwefeelregret.”21. Researchersthink

17、thatguiltcanbeagoodthingbecauseitmayhelpA. regulate a child B. improve a child C. foster a childD. intensify a childsbasicemotionssintellectualabilitysmoraldevelopmentspositivefeelings22. AccordingtoParagraph2,manypeoplestillconsiderguilttobeA. deceptiveB. burdensomeC. addictiveD. inexcusable23. Vai

18、shholdsthattherethinkingaboutguiltcomesfromanawarenessthat.A. emotionsarecontext-independentB. emotionsaresociallyconstructiveC. emotionalstabilitycanbenefithealthD. anemotioncanplayopposingroles24. Maltiandothershaveshownthatcooperationandsharing.A. mayhelpcorrectemotionaldeficienciesB. canresultfr

19、omeithersympathyorguiltC. canbringaboutemotionalsatisfactionD. maybetheoutcomeofimpulsiveacts25. Theword“transgressions”(Line4,Para.5)isclosestinmeaningto.A. teachingsB. discussionsC. restrictionsD. wrongdoings21-25參考答案：CBDBDText2Forestsgiveusshade,quietandoneofthehardercallengesinthefightagainstcli

20、matechange.Evenaswehumanscountonforeststosoakupagoodshareofthecarbondioxideweproduce,wearethreateningtheirabilitytodoclimatechangewearehasteningcouldonedayleaveuswithforeststhatemitmorecarbonthantheyabsorb.Thankfully,thereisawayoutofthistrap-butitinvolvesstrikingasubtlebalance.Helpingforestsflourish

21、asvaluable"carbonsinks"longintothefuturemayrequirereducingtheircapacitytoabsorbcarbonnow.Califormiaisleadingtheway,asitdoesonsomanyclimateefforts,infiguringoutthedetails.Thestate'sproposedForestCarbonPlanaimstodoubleeffortstothinoutyoungtreesandclearbrushinpartsoftheforest.Thistemporar

22、ilylowerscarbon-carryingcapacity.Buttheremainingtreesdrawagreatershareoftheavailablemoisture,sotheygrowandthrive,restoringtheforest'scapacitytopullcarbonfromtheair.Healthytreesarealsobetterabletofendoffinsects.Thelandscapeisrenderedlesseasilyburnable.Evenintheeventofafire,fewertreesareconsumed.T

23、heneedforsuchplanningisincreasinglyurgent.Already,since2010,droughtandinsectshavekilledover100milliontreesinCalifornia,mostofthemin2016alone,andwildfireshaveburnedhundredsofthousandsofacres.Californiaplanstotreat35,000acresofforestayearby2020,and60,000by2030-financedfromtheproceedsofthestate'sem

24、issions-permitauctions.That'sonlyasmallshareofthetotalacreagethatcouldbenefit,abouthalfamillionacresinall,soitwillbevitaltoprioritizeareasatgreatestriskoffireordrought.Thestrategyalsoaimstoensurethatcarboninwoodymaterialremovedfromtheforestsislockedawayintheformofsolidlumberorburnedasbiofuelinve

25、hiclesthatwouldotherwiserunonfossilfuels.Newresearchontransportationbiofuelsisalreadyunderway.Stategovernmentsarewellaccustomedtomanagingforests,buttraditionallythey'vefocusedonwildlife,watershedsandopportunitiesforrecreation.Onlyrecentlyhavetheycometoseethevitalpartforestswillhavetoplayinstorin

26、gcarbon.Califormia'splan,whichisexpectedtobefinalizedbythegovernornextyear,shouldserveasamodel.26. Bysaying“oneoftheharderchallenges,”theauthorimpliesthat.A. globalclimatechangemaygetoutofcontrolB. peoplemaymisunderstandglobalwarmingC. extremeweatherconditionsmayariseD. forestsmaybecomeapotentia

27、lthreat27. Tomaintainforestsasvaluable“carbonsinks,"wemayneedto.A. preservethediversityofspeciesinthemB. acceleratethegrowthofyoungtreesC. strikeabalanceamongdifferentplantsD. lowertheirpresentcarbon-absorbingcapacity28. California'sForestCarbonPlanendeavorsto.A. cultivatemoredrought-resist

28、anttreesB. reducethedensityofsomeofitsforestsC. findmoreeffectivewaystokillinsectsD. restoreitsforestsquicklyafterwildfiresisessentialtoCalifornia'splanaccordingtoParagraph5?A. Tohandletheareasinseriousdangerfirst.B. Tocarryitoutbeforetheyearof2020.C. Toperfecttheemissions-permitauctions.D. Toob

29、tainenoughfinancialsupport.30.Theauthor'sattitudetoCalifornia'splancanbestbedescribedas.A. ambiguousB. tolerantC. supportiveD. cautious26-30參考答案：DDBACText3Americanfarmershavebeencomplainingoflaborshortagesforseveralyearsnow.Givenamulti-yeardeclineinillegalimmigration,andasimilarlysustainedpi

30、ckupinthe.jobmarket,thecomplaintsareunlikelytostopwithoutanoverhaulofimmigrationrulesforfarmworkers.Effortstocreateamorestraightforwardagricultural-workersvisathatwouldenableforeignworkerstostaylongerinthe.andchangejobswithintheindustryhavesofarfailedinCongress.Ifthisdoesntchange,Americanbusinesses,

31、communitiesandconsumerswillbethelosers.Perhapshalfof.farmlaborersareundocumentedimmigrants.Asfewersuchworkersenterthe.,thecharacteristicsoftheagriculturalworkforcearechanging.Todaysfarmlaborers,whilestillpredominantlyborninMexico,aremorelikelytobesettled,ratherthanmigrating,andmorelikelytobemarriedt

32、hansingle.Theyarealsoaging.Atthestartofthiscentury,aboutone-thirdofcropworkerswereovertheageof35.Now,morethanhalfare.Andcroppickingishardonolderoft-debatedcureforthislaborshortageremainsasimplausibleasithasbeenallalong:Native.workerswontbereturningtothefarm.Mechanizationisnottheanswereithernotyetatl

33、east.Productionofcorn,cotton,rice,soybeansandwheathavebeenlargelymechanized,butmanyhigh-value,labor-intensivecrops,suchasstrawberries,needlabor.Evendairyfarms,whererobotscurrentlydoonlyasmallshareofmilking,havealongwaytogobeforetheyareautomated.Asaresult,farmshavegrownincreasinglyreliantontemporaryg

34、uestworkersusingtheH-2Avisatofillthegapsintheagriculturalworkforce.Startingaround2012,requestsforthevisasrosesharply;from2011to2016thenumberofvisasissuedmorethandoubled.TheH-2Avisahasnonumericalcap,unliketheH-2Bvisafornonagriculturalwork,whichislimitedto66,000annually.Evenso,employersfrequentlycompl

35、ainthattheyarentallottedalltheworkerstheyneed.Theprocessiscumbersome,expensiveandunreliable.OnesurveyfoundthatbureaucraticdelaysledH-2Aworkerstoarriveonthejobanaverageof22dayslate.Andtheshortageiscompoundedbyfederalimmigrationraids,whichremovesomeworkersanddriveothersunderground.Ina2012survey，71perc

36、entoftree-fruitgrowersandnearly80percentofraisinandberrygrowerssaidtheywereshortoflabor.SomewesterngrowershaverespondedbymovingoperationstoMexico.From1998-2000,percentofthefruitAmericansconsumedwasimported.Littlemorethanadecadelater,theshareofimportedfruithadincreasedtopercent.Ineffect,the.canimport

37、blemshouldbeaddressedaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs?againstforeignworkersinthe.lawsinfavorofsomeAmericanbusinesses.in.immigrationrulesforfarmworkers.D.Declineofjobopportunitiesin.agriculture.32. Onetroublewith.agriculturalworkforceis.risingnumberofillegalimm

38、igrantshighmobilityofcropworkerslackofexperiencedlaborersagingofimmigrantfarmworkers33. Whatisthemuch-arguedsolutiontothelaborshortagein.farming?A. Toattractyoungerlaborerstofarmwork.B. Togetnative.workersbacktofarming.C. Tousemorerobotstogrowhigh-valuecrops.D. Tostrengthenfinancialsupportforfarmers

39、.34. AgriculturalemployerscomplainabouttheH-2Avisaforits_.A. slowgrantingproceduresB. limitondurationofstayC. tightenedrequirementsD. controlofannualadmissionsofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthistext?A. .AgricultureinDecline?B. ImportFoodorLabor?C. AmericaSavedbyMexico?D. Manpowervs.Automation?3

40、1-35參考答案：CDBABText4AmoldSchwarzenegger,DiaMirzaandAdrianGrenierhaveamessageforyou:It'seasytobeatplastic.They'repartofabunchofcelebritiesstarringinanewvideoforWorldEnvironmentDayencouragingyou,theconsumer,toswapoutyoursingle-useplasticstapleslikestrawsandcutlerytocombattheplasticscrisis.Theke

41、ymessagesthathavebeenputtogetherforWorldEnvironmentDaydoincludeacallforgovernmentstoenactlegislationtocurbsingle-useplastics.Buttheoverarchingmessageisdirectedatindividuals.Myconcernwithleavingituptotheindividual,however,isourlimitedsenseofwhatneedstobeachieved.Ontheirown,takingourownbagstothegrocer

42、ystoreorquittingplasticstraws,forexample,willaccomplishlittleandrequireverylittleofus.Theycouldevenbedetrimental,satisfyinganeedtohave"doneourbit"withouteverprogressingontobigger,bolder,moreeffectiveactionsakindof"morallicensing"thatallaysourconcernsandstopsusdoingmoreandaskingmo

43、reofthoseincharge.Whiletheconversationaroundourenvironmentandourresponsibilitytowarditremainscenteredonshoppingbagsandstraws,we'reignoringthebalanceofpowerthatimpliesthatas"consumers"wemustshopsustainably,ratherthanas"citizens"holdourgovernmentsandindustriestoaccounttopushfor

44、realsystemicchange.It'simportanttoacknowledgethattheenvironmentisn'teveryone'spriorityorevenmostpeople's.Weshouldn'texpectittobe.Inherlatestbook,WhyGoodPeopleDoBadEnvironmentalThings,WellesleyCollegeprofessorElizabethR.DeSombrearguesthatthebestwaytocollectivelychangethebehaviorof

45、largenumbersofpeopleisforthechangetobestructural.Thismightmeanimplementingpolicysuchasaplastictaxthataddsacosttoenvironmentallyproblematicaction,orbanningsingle-useplasticsaltogether.Indiahasjustannounceditwill"eliminateallsingle-useplasticinthecountryby2022."Therearealsoincentive-basedway

46、sofmakingbetterenvironmentalchoiceseasier,suchasensuringrecyclingisatleastaseasyastrashdisposal.DeSombreisn'tsayingpeopleshouldstopcaringabouttheenvironment.It'sjustthatindividualactionsaretooslow,shesays,forthattobetheonly,orevenprimary,approachtochangingwidespreadbehavior.Noneofthisisabout

47、writingofftheindividual.It'sjustaboutputtingthingsintoperspective.Wedon'thavetimetowait.Weneedprogressivepoliciesthatshapecollectiveaction(andreininpollutingbusinesses),alongsideengagedcitizenspushingforchange.36. SomecelebritiesstarinanewvideotoA. demandnewlawsontheuseofplasticsB. urgeconsu

48、merstocuttheuseofplasticsC. invitepublicopinionontheplasticscrisisD. disclosethecausesoftheplasticscrisis37. Theauthorisconcernedthat“morallicensing”mayA. misleadusintodoingworthlessthingsB. preventusfrommakingfurthereffortsC. weakenoursenseofaccomplishmentD. suppressourdesireforsuccess38. Bypointin

49、goutouridentityas“citizens,”,theauthorindicatesthatA:ourfocusshouldbeshiftedtocommunitywelfareB: ourrelationshipwithlocalindustriesisimprovingC: WehavebeenactivelyexercisingourcivilrightsD: Weshouldpressourgovernmenttoleadthecombat39. DeSombrearguesthatthebestwayforacollectivechangeshouldbeA: awin-w

50、inarrangementB: aself-drivenmechanismC: acost-effectiveapproachD: atopdownprocess40. TheauthorconcludesthatindividualeffortsA: canbetooaggressiveB: canbetooinconsistentC: arefarfromsufficientD: arefarfromrational36-40參考答案：AACCBPartBDirections:Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatext.Choosethemostsui

51、tableheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)FivewaystomakeconversationwithanyoneInchoosinganewhome,CamilleMcClainskidshaveasingledemand:abackyard.McClainslittleonesarenttheonlykidswhohaveanopinionwhenitcomestohousing,andinmanycasesyoungstersvie

52、wsweighheavilyonparentsrealestatedecisions,accordingtoa2018HarrisPollsurveyofmorethan2,000.adults.Whilemorefamiliesbuckanolder-generationproclivitytoleavekidsinthedarkaboutrealestatedecisions,realtyagentsandpsychologistshavemixedviewsaboutthefinancial,personalandlong-termeffectskidsopinionsmayhave.T

53、heideaofinvolvingchildreninabigdecisionisagreatideabecauseitcanhelpthemfeelasenseofcontrolandownershipinwhatcanbeanoverwhelmingprocess,saidRyanHooper,aclinicalpsychologistinChicago.“Childrenmayfaceseriousdifficultiesincopingwithsignificantmoves,especiallyifitremovesthemfromtheircurrentschoolorsuppor

54、tsystem,”hesaid.GregJaroszewski,arealestatebrokerswithGagliardoRealtyAssociates,saidhesnotconvincedthatkidsshouldbeinvolvedinselectingahome-buttheiropinionsshouldbeconsideredinregardstoproximitytofriendsandsocialactivities,ifpossible.Youngerchildrenshouldfeelliketheyrechoosingtheirhome-withoutactual

55、lygettingachoiceinthematter,saidAdamBailey,arealestateattorneybasedinNewYork.Askingthemquestionsaboutwhattheylikeaboutthebackyardofapotentialhomewillmakethemfeelliketheyrebeingincludedinthedecision-makingprocess,Baileysaid.Manyoftheaspectsofhomebuyingarentaconsiderationforchildren,saidTraceyHampson,

56、arealestateagentbasedinSantaClarita,Calif.Andplacingtoomuchemphasisontheiropinionscanruinafantastichomepurchase.“Speakingwithyourchildrenbeforeyoumakearealestatedecisioniswise,butIwouldntbasethepurchasingdecisionsolelyontheiropinions.”Hampsonsaid.Theotherissueisthatmanychildren-especiallyolderones-m

57、aybasetheirrealestateknowledgeonHGTVshows,saidAaronNorrisofTheNorrisGroupinRiverside,Calif.“TheyloveChipandJoannaGainesjustasmuchastherestofus,”hesaid.“HGTVhasseriouslychangedhowpeopleviewrealestate.Itsnotshelter,itsalifestyle.Withthatmindsetchangecomesomeseriousmoney_"consequences.Kidstendtoge

58、tstuckinthefeaturesandtheimmediatebenefitstothempersonally,Norrissaid.Parentsneedtoremindtheirchildrenthattheirneedsanddesiresmaychangeovertime,saidJulieGurner,arealestateanalystwith.“Theiropinionscanchangetomorrow,“Gurnersaid."Harshasitmaybetosay,thatdecisionshouldlikelynotbemadecontingentonachild'sopinions,butrathermadeforthemwithgreatconsiderationintowhathomecanmeettheirneedsbest-andgivethemanopportunitytocustomizeitabitandmakeittheirown.”Thisadviceismorer