水運(yùn)材料復(fù)習(xí)參考

1、e ofprovisiqu水運(yùn)材料（一）建筑原材料1 .膠凝材料（1）水硬性膠凝材料了解：水泥定義、分類(lèi)；水泥的生產(chǎn)原料及工藝；水泥的熟料礦物組成及特性；水泥凝結(jié)硬化的過(guò)程和機(jī)理；硫鋁酸鹽水泥、鋁 酸鹽水泥等其它系列水泥的定義、主要技術(shù)性質(zhì)及應(yīng)用范圍；通用水泥、專(zhuān)用水泥、特性水泥的品種及用途。影響試驗(yàn)的 主要因素及在試驗(yàn)過(guò)程中的注意事項(xiàng)。水泥定義、分類(lèi)：硅酸鹽水泥：硅酸鹽水泥熟料中摻入0%- 5%勺石灰石或?；郀t礦渣等混合料，以及適量石膏混合磨細(xì)制成的水泥。其中完全不摻加混合料的稱(chēng)為I型，代號(hào)P-I;摻入量不超過(guò)5 %的稱(chēng)為口型，代號(hào) P- Do普通硅酸鹽水泥： 硅酸鹽水泥熟料中摻入 6%-

2、 15%勺混合料及適量石膏加工磨細(xì)后得到的水泥，代號(hào) P- 0。礦渣水泥：硅酸鹽水泥熟料中摻入 20% 70%勺粒化高爐礦渣和適量石膏加工磨細(xì)制成的水泥，代號(hào) P - So火山灰水泥：硅酸鹽水泥熟料中摻入 20% 50%勺火山灰質(zhì)材料和適量石膏加工磨細(xì)制成的水泥，代號(hào)P - Po粉煤灰水泥：硅酸鹽水泥熟料中摻入 20% 40%勺粉煤灰和適量石膏加工磨細(xì)制成的水泥，代號(hào) P - Fo水泥熟料中加入石膏是用來(lái)調(diào)節(jié)水泥的凝結(jié)速度，石膏是水泥組成中必不可少的緩凝劑。外摻料所起的作用主要是增加水泥產(chǎn)量、降低生產(chǎn)成本的同時(shí)，改善水泥的品質(zhì)，如降低水化熱等。水泥定義：硅酸鹽水泥是指以硅酸鹽水泥熟料、適量石膏

3、和混合材料共同磨細(xì)所得的各種水泥。水泥的生產(chǎn)原料：石灰石：GaO粘土 ： Si02、A12O3、Fe2O3鐵礦粉：Fe3O4水泥熟料礦物組成及特性性能指標(biāo)熟料礦物GSC2SCAC4AF水化速率快慢最快快凝結(jié)硬化時(shí)間快慢最快快28d水化熱多少最多中強(qiáng)度早期高低低低后期高高低低經(jīng)1700 c燃燒后磨細(xì)熟悉：通用水泥（硅酸鹽系列水泥）的主要技術(shù)指標(biāo)：強(qiáng)度等級(jí)、細(xì)度、凝結(jié)時(shí)間、需水性、安定性、燒失量、不溶物、氧化鎂、三氧化硫、堿含量、水化熱；水泥的選用。細(xì)度：硅酸鹽比表面積大于 300m2/kg ,其他80 Vm方孔篩不大于10%;凝結(jié)時(shí)間：初凝不早于 45min,終凝：硅酸鹽不遲于 6.5h ,其他

4、10h;氧化鎂不大于5%,壓蒸安定性合格時(shí)，允許放寬到6%;三氧化硫含量不得超過(guò) 3.5%,礦渣不得超過(guò)4%。掌握：硅酸鹽系列水泥檢驗(yàn)規(guī)則，取樣方法、廢品及不合格品的判定，對(duì)水泥出廠試驗(yàn)報(bào)告的要求、對(duì)水泥出廠交貨與驗(yàn)收的規(guī)定；水泥的物理力學(xué)性能檢測(cè)及評(píng)定方法（包括所用材料、儀器設(shè)備、試驗(yàn)步驟或程序、試驗(yàn)結(jié)果處理及評(píng)定）；對(duì)試驗(yàn)室內(nèi)溫、濕度要求及養(yǎng)護(hù)制度要求。按標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行評(píng)定，編制和審核檢測(cè)報(bào)告。硅酸鹽系列水泥檢驗(yàn)規(guī)則編號(hào)：水泥出廠前按同品種、同強(qiáng)度等級(jí)編號(hào)和取樣。袋裝水泥和散裝水泥應(yīng)分別進(jìn)行編號(hào)和取樣。每一編號(hào)為一取樣單位。水泥出廠編號(hào)按水泥廠年生產(chǎn)能力規(guī)定：120萬(wàn)t以上，不超過(guò)12

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17、萬(wàn) t 以下，不超過(guò)200t 為一編號(hào)當(dāng)散裝水泥運(yùn)輸工具的容量超過(guò)該廠規(guī)定出廠編號(hào)噸數(shù)時(shí)，允許該編號(hào)的數(shù)量超過(guò)取樣規(guī)定噸數(shù)。分割樣品質(zhì)試驗(yàn)：分割樣試驗(yàn)每季度進(jìn)行一次?？扇芜x一個(gè)品種、標(biāo)號(hào)。分割樣的品質(zhì)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果必須符合水泥標(biāo)準(zhǔn)技術(shù)要求。分割樣取得后應(yīng)立即進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)。全部樣品必須在一周內(nèi)進(jìn)行完畢。當(dāng)分割樣試驗(yàn)結(jié)果有低于水泥的技術(shù)要求時(shí)，或 28天抗壓強(qiáng)度變異系數(shù)大于6%時(shí)，即應(yīng)每季度進(jìn)行二次；當(dāng)仍有低于技術(shù)要求時(shí)，或變異系數(shù)大于6時(shí)，則每月進(jìn)行一次。當(dāng)分割樣試驗(yàn)結(jié)果全部符合水泥標(biāo)準(zhǔn)技術(shù)要求時(shí)，方可恢復(fù)為每季一次。增加試驗(yàn)時(shí)，一般應(yīng)用同品種、標(biāo)號(hào)的水泥。取樣方法取樣應(yīng)有代表性，可連續(xù)取，亦可從20 個(gè)

18、以上不同部位取等量樣品，總量至少12kg。自動(dòng)取樣器取樣：將裝置安裝在盡量接近于水泥包裝機(jī)的管路中，從流動(dòng)的水泥流中取出樣品，然后將樣品放入潔凈、干燥、不易受污染的容器中。取樣管取樣：隨機(jī)選擇 20個(gè)以上不同的部位，將取樣管插入水泥適當(dāng)深度，用大拇指按住氣孔，小心抽出取樣管。將所取樣品放入潔凈、干燥、不易受污染的容器中。槽形管狀取樣器取樣：當(dāng)所取水泥深度不超過(guò)2m時(shí)，采用槽形管式取樣器取樣。通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)取樣器內(nèi)管控制開(kāi)關(guān)，在適當(dāng)位置插入水泥一定深度，關(guān)閉后小心抽出。將所取樣品放入潔凈、干燥、不易受污染的容器中。廢品及不合格品的判定凡游離氧化鎂、三氧化硫、初凝時(shí)間、安定性中任一項(xiàng)指標(biāo)不符合規(guī)定，均判

19、為廢品水泥，嚴(yán)禁在工程中使用；凡細(xì)度、終凝時(shí)間、不溶物和燒失量中任一項(xiàng)指標(biāo)不符合規(guī)定，或混合料摻入量超過(guò)最大限量和強(qiáng)度低于商品強(qiáng)度等級(jí)指標(biāo)時(shí)，判為不合格水泥。當(dāng)水泥包裝標(biāo)志中水泥品種、強(qiáng)度等級(jí)、生產(chǎn)者名稱(chēng)和出廠標(biāo)號(hào)不全的也屬于不合格品。對(duì)水泥出廠試驗(yàn)報(bào)告的要求、對(duì)水泥出廠交貨與驗(yàn)收的規(guī)定試驗(yàn)報(bào)告內(nèi)容應(yīng)包括本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定的各項(xiàng)技術(shù)要求及試驗(yàn)結(jié)果，助磨劑、工業(yè)副產(chǎn)石膏、混合材料的名稱(chēng)和摻加量，屬旋窯或立窯生產(chǎn)。當(dāng)用戶需要時(shí)，水泥廠應(yīng)在水泥發(fā)出之日起7 天內(nèi)寄發(fā)除28 天強(qiáng)度以外的各項(xiàng)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果。28 天強(qiáng)度值，應(yīng)在水泥發(fā)出之日起32 天內(nèi)補(bǔ)報(bào)。交貨與驗(yàn)收：交貨時(shí)水泥的質(zhì)量驗(yàn)收可抽取實(shí)物試樣以其檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果為

20、依據(jù)，也可以水泥廠同編號(hào)水泥的檢驗(yàn)報(bào)告為依據(jù)。采取何種方法驗(yàn)收由買(mǎi)賣(mài)雙方商定，并在合同或協(xié)議中注明。以抽取實(shí)物試樣的檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果為驗(yàn)收依據(jù)時(shí)，買(mǎi)賣(mài)雙方應(yīng)在發(fā)貨前或交貨地共同取樣和簽封。取樣數(shù)量為20kg,縮分為二等份。一份由賣(mài)方保存40 天，一份由買(mǎi)方按規(guī)定的項(xiàng)目和方法進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)。在 40 天以?xún)?nèi)，買(mǎi)方檢驗(yàn)認(rèn)為產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量不符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求，而賣(mài)方又有異議時(shí)，則雙方應(yīng)將賣(mài)方保存的另一份試樣送省級(jí)或省級(jí)以上國(guó)家認(rèn)可的水泥質(zhì)量監(jiān)督檢驗(yàn)機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行仲裁檢驗(yàn)。以水泥廠同編號(hào)水泥的檢驗(yàn)報(bào)告為驗(yàn)收依據(jù)時(shí)，在發(fā)貨或交貨時(shí)買(mǎi)方在同編號(hào)水泥中抽取試樣，雙方共同簽封后保存三個(gè)月；或委托賣(mài)方在同編號(hào)水泥中抽取試樣，簽封后保存三個(gè)月。

21、在三個(gè)月內(nèi)，買(mǎi)方對(duì)水泥質(zhì)量有疑問(wèn)時(shí)，則買(mǎi)賣(mài)雙方應(yīng)將簽封的試樣送省級(jí)或省級(jí)以上國(guó)家認(rèn)可的水泥質(zhì)量監(jiān)督檢驗(yàn)機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行仲裁檢驗(yàn)。水泥的物理力學(xué)性能檢測(cè)及評(píng)定方法( 包括所用材料、儀器設(shè)備、試驗(yàn)步驟或程序、試驗(yàn)結(jié)果處理及評(píng)定)a、維卡儀法稠度測(cè)定的方法拌制水泥凈漿。將攪拌鍋和攪拌葉片先用濕布擦過(guò)，將拌和水倒入鍋中，然后 5s10s內(nèi)小心將稱(chēng)好的500g水泥加入鍋中，啟動(dòng)攪拌機(jī)，低速攪拌120s,停15s,同時(shí)將葉片和鍋壁上的水泥漿刮入鍋中間，接著高速攪拌 120s停機(jī)。拌和結(jié)束后，立即將拌制好的水泥凈漿裝入已放在玻璃板上的試模中，用小刀插搗，輕輕振動(dòng)數(shù)次，刮去多余的凈漿。抹平后迅速將試模和底板移到維卡儀

22、上，并將其中心定在試桿下，降低試桿直到與水泥凈漿表面接觸， 擰緊螺絲1s2smprove,se curitypreve ntionca pacityobviously e nhance d, security hidden a ndsecuritya ccdient obviously re duced,effectiveguarantees information health development. XXEducationCentre regularlycarry outday -to-day netw orksecurity monitoring informationa nd e q

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27、WindowsS erver2003,window sServer2008,windowsServer2012,Linux,theoperatingsy stem,thedatabase forSQLServer2008, Officesoftware, suchasMi crosoft Office software.Schools (units)of computer,i nformation systemsecurityproductsfordomestic products, includingt heuse of 360 a nd king softInter netsecurity

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29、strive to a chi evenetw ork everyoneknowsse curitya nd viru s beforet heguar d,toimprove network a nd information security, e nsurethatthe XXe ducationsystem netw ork and i nformation system securit y. Trackingreporting sy stem requires all partiestostrengthen collaboration,work closelywithemerge nc

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31、schoolnetwork managers on common networkfailuresa ndbecapable ofsolving security issues.Issues thatcannot be resolved,timely formsof meetings,such as meeti ngs,a nalysis,and solutions throug h ameeting,without rolling up t he abi lity to solveproblems,andfeedback tosuperior sinwriting departme ntsto

32、 resolve.Throughself-examinati on, w eare wellaware,relative lack ofinvestment in education,facilitiesand e qui pmentforfurther updates,educati ondevelopme ntisstilluneven, new e ducation conceptsneedto be furtherenhanced tosomeextentand restricti ng the development of cityeducation.Wewilltake theop

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52、orkaccesstoall rooms;on system securityma nagementlevelon.A ccordi ng toprovi nces arrangemeXX education metropolitannts,I Ce nter has arraof notificationngements后，突然放松，使試桿垂直自由地沉入水泥凈漿中。在試桿釋放30s 時(shí)或試桿不再下沉?xí)r記錄試桿到底板的距離，升起試桿后，立即擦凈。整個(gè)操作應(yīng)在攪拌后 1.5min內(nèi)完成。以試桿沉入凈漿并距底板6mn1 1mm勺水泥凈漿為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)稠度凈漿，其拌和用水量為該水泥的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)稠度用水量。試錐法（

53、代用法）：采用代用法測(cè)定水泥標(biāo)準(zhǔn)稠度用水量可用調(diào)整水量和不變水量?jī)煞N方法的任一種測(cè)定。不變水量法時(shí)的拌和水量用142.5mL。拌制水泥凈漿。拌和結(jié)束后，立即將拌制好的水泥凈漿裝入錐模中，用小刀插搗，輕輕振動(dòng)數(shù)次，刮去多余的凈漿；抹平后迅速放到試錐下面固定的位置上，將試錐降至凈漿表面，擰緊螺絲12s后，突然放松，讓試錐垂直自由地沉入水泥凈漿中。到試錐停止下沉或釋放試錐30s 時(shí)記錄試錐下沉深度。整個(gè)操作過(guò)程應(yīng)在攪拌后1.5min 內(nèi)完成。調(diào)整水量法以試錐下沉深度28mn± 2mm寸的凈漿為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)稠度凈漿，其拌和用水量為該水泥的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)稠度用水量，按水泥質(zhì)量的百分比計(jì)。不變水量法，根據(jù)測(cè)得的試

54、錐下沉深度S （mrm計(jì)算標(biāo)準(zhǔn)稠度用水量 P=33.4-0.185S。當(dāng)試錐下沉深度小于 13mm時(shí)，應(yīng)改用調(diào)整水量法測(cè)定。調(diào)整水量法和固定水量法發(fā)生爭(zhēng)議時(shí)，以調(diào)整水量法為準(zhǔn)。當(dāng)固定水量法的試錐下沉深度小于13mm時(shí)，應(yīng)采用調(diào)整水量法。b 、安定性測(cè)定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方法雷氏夾法；代用法試餅法；目前的安定性檢測(cè)方法只是針對(duì)游離CaO的影響，并未涉及游離 MgCO石膏造成的安定性問(wèn)題。國(guó)家對(duì)游離MgCO SO在水泥中的含量均有嚴(yán)格的限制，超出指標(biāo)的水泥即為廢品水泥，嚴(yán)禁在工程中使用。雷氏夾試件的制備方法：養(yǎng)護(hù)24h± 2h。雷氏夾法結(jié)果判別：當(dāng)兩個(gè)試件煮后增加距離的平均值不大于5.0mm時(shí)，即認(rèn)

55、為該水泥安定性合格，當(dāng)兩個(gè)試件煮后增加距離的差值超過(guò)4.0mm時(shí)，應(yīng)用同一樣品立即重做一次試驗(yàn)。再如此，則認(rèn)為該水泥為安定性不合格。 試餅法結(jié)果判別：試餅從玻璃板取下時(shí)，先檢查試餅是否完整（如已開(kāi)裂、翹曲，要檢查原因，確定無(wú)外因時(shí)，該試餅已屬不合格，不必沸煮），在無(wú)缺陷的情況下沸煮后目測(cè)試件未發(fā)行裂縫，用鋼直尺檢查也沒(méi)有彎曲的試餅為安定性合格；反之為不合格。當(dāng)兩個(gè)試餅判別結(jié)果有矛盾時(shí)，該水泥的安定性為不合格。沸煮的條件：30min± 5min 內(nèi)加熱水至沸騰，并恒沸3h± 5min。c、凝結(jié)時(shí)間測(cè)定的操作方法、注意事項(xiàng)。初凝時(shí)間測(cè)定：測(cè)定前準(zhǔn)備工作，調(diào)整凝結(jié)時(shí)間測(cè)定儀的試針接觸玻璃板，使指針對(duì)準(zhǔn)零點(diǎn)。以標(biāo)準(zhǔn)稠度用水量制成標(biāo)準(zhǔn)稠度凈漿，記錄水泥全部加入水中的時(shí)間作為凝結(jié)時(shí)間的起始時(shí)間。一次裝滿試模，振動(dòng)數(shù)次刮平，立即放入濕氣養(yǎng)護(hù)箱中。計(jì)時(shí)開(kāi)始30min 后進(jìn)行第一次測(cè)定，測(cè)定時(shí)，從濕氣養(yǎng)護(hù)箱中取出試模放到試針下，降低試針與水泥凈漿表面接觸。擰緊螺絲1s2s后，突