水運材料復習參考

1、e ofprovisiqu水運材料（一）建筑原材料1 .膠凝材料（1）水硬性膠凝材料了解：水泥定義、分類；水泥的生產(chǎn)原料及工藝；水泥的熟料礦物組成及特性；水泥凝結(jié)硬化的過程和機理；硫鋁酸鹽水泥、鋁 酸鹽水泥等其它系列水泥的定義、主要技術(shù)性質(zhì)及應用范圍；通用水泥、專用水泥、特性水泥的品種及用途。影響試驗的 主要因素及在試驗過程中的注意事項。水泥定義、分類：硅酸鹽水泥：硅酸鹽水泥熟料中摻入0%- 5%勺石灰石或?；郀t礦渣等混合料，以及適量石膏混合磨細制成的水泥。其中完全不摻加混合料的稱為I型，代號P-I;摻入量不超過5 %的稱為口型，代號 P- Do普通硅酸鹽水泥： 硅酸鹽水泥熟料中摻入 6%-

2、 15%勺混合料及適量石膏加工磨細后得到的水泥，代號 P- 0。礦渣水泥：硅酸鹽水泥熟料中摻入 20% 70%勺?；郀t礦渣和適量石膏加工磨細制成的水泥，代號 P - So火山灰水泥：硅酸鹽水泥熟料中摻入 20% 50%勺火山灰質(zhì)材料和適量石膏加工磨細制成的水泥，代號P - Po粉煤灰水泥：硅酸鹽水泥熟料中摻入 20% 40%勺粉煤灰和適量石膏加工磨細制成的水泥，代號 P - Fo水泥熟料中加入石膏是用來調(diào)節(jié)水泥的凝結(jié)速度，石膏是水泥組成中必不可少的緩凝劑。外摻料所起的作用主要是增加水泥產(chǎn)量、降低生產(chǎn)成本的同時，改善水泥的品質(zhì)，如降低水化熱等。水泥定義：硅酸鹽水泥是指以硅酸鹽水泥熟料、適量石膏

3、和混合材料共同磨細所得的各種水泥。水泥的生產(chǎn)原料：石灰石：GaO粘土 ： Si02、A12O3、Fe2O3鐵礦粉：Fe3O4水泥熟料礦物組成及特性性能指標熟料礦物GSC2SCAC4AF水化速率快慢最快快凝結(jié)硬化時間快慢最快快28d水化熱多少最多中強度早期高低低低后期高高低低經(jīng)1700 c燃燒后磨細熟悉：通用水泥（硅酸鹽系列水泥）的主要技術(shù)指標：強度等級、細度、凝結(jié)時間、需水性、安定性、燒失量、不溶物、氧化鎂、三氧化硫、堿含量、水化熱；水泥的選用。細度：硅酸鹽比表面積大于 300m2/kg ,其他80 Vm方孔篩不大于10%;凝結(jié)時間：初凝不早于 45min,終凝：硅酸鹽不遲于 6.5h ,其他

4、10h;氧化鎂不大于5%,壓蒸安定性合格時，允許放寬到6%;三氧化硫含量不得超過 3.5%,礦渣不得超過4%。掌握：硅酸鹽系列水泥檢驗規(guī)則，取樣方法、廢品及不合格品的判定，對水泥出廠試驗報告的要求、對水泥出廠交貨與驗收的規(guī)定；水泥的物理力學性能檢測及評定方法（包括所用材料、儀器設備、試驗步驟或程序、試驗結(jié)果處理及評定）；對試驗室內(nèi)溫、濕度要求及養(yǎng)護制度要求。按標準對試驗結(jié)果進行評定，編制和審核檢測報告。硅酸鹽系列水泥檢驗規(guī)則編號：水泥出廠前按同品種、同強度等級編號和取樣。袋裝水泥和散裝水泥應分別進行編號和取樣。每一編號為一取樣單位。水泥出廠編號按水泥廠年生產(chǎn)能力規(guī)定：120萬t以上，不超過12

5、00t為一編號；60萬t至120萬t ,不超過1000t為一編號；30萬t至60萬t ,不超過600t為一編號；10萬t至30萬t ,不超過400t為一編號；suchas leaks, investigated for resprinci ples ofwofwho s in charge,w ho is runni ngand who isresponsisponsibilit y.Accor dingto whoi s in chargeand re quirchnology Cobviouslyfacilityuptareanetworko 160 milli(chua n taught

6、 letter(2013)18tGongcenter ma chi ne roomequipmeh,)requirements,Ipoi nts impleme ntationteadigital educatia netw orkrealizesntralLion resourWanZ haok uan tocoverpr oje ct,combine d Icity spe cificsit uation,develofbroa dband t othe tabl e,'wire '(ie:Web,vi> - 一 一 一. - se tea chere ducatio

7、n cloped issue d hasdeo, audi o) tntedli nksthe twocurit y,assurance responsictronic w hiteboards, multimetoschools. XXucityyschools(u(nits) totalsite20,)peomneteachinngepointsnsdiegitawloresourpceaormss.fullpcroevseernp,rojeecctoyfismplLJL. 一 ementationprogramme, Establinteractive video teao comput

8、ershedXX,fullcoverchnig systemofmoderhanequipment-一ction asse ssment, ofwhi ch 1 (XXeducatinthe classroom With IntelcompaI . - 一 _ 一 一 oughthe classroom (primarya nd ontea chi ng project lea ding group,onand re source network)forclassifiedsecurity proteXXEducation Citye campusctionl evels,wit houtth

9、ird -level i nformation sy stems.domain netw ork oftopi c casede sign,relie s on Cisco company thoug L I -II -I- - I - . -.-network. The establi shment of an a dvanced,- 一 1-|- - Inedwucoarti.on.eEstabelsia she sd, dmiegnitalreoansoaur vcaenscie, n mopdraercncdaihtShuai d chua npr - -ducationalmetro

10、politaotal educati on i nformation sy stems 1 (XXeducation clon tea chi ng,XXfullcoverage projectgr oup,XX,Direhasthre eyearstechnology-I II. _ Ischools haveaccesstoeducatictor of theCenterforeoud platform),containsfeatures witsupport,from2009onalmetropolitanare-. . L bega n, accordingto.I.h e-Gover

11、 nment,resource librara ndar ds,ay,test data base, mai lservi ces,such ase -booknd ma npowerplII_ ducati onal i nformationand equipmentchaire d Zhu Guiyan,responsible for distanceeducati on digitalresourcesanning,a nd poi ntsstepI . _I. .Iork, br oadcast netw orks i I 一一coveri ng prnetservi ces.deon

12、 managemNo for gradeproteimplementati on, usi ngschoolearthquake onjteoctthew oclraks.srooms,realizePtrojectshine triplXX ceitpylasofschool( units),requirements theschool(units) according to i nformationsecurity gradeprotectHou reconstrSchools share Internetsources i nmodernd on a regcomputer forits

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16、 forovinceDe partmentofe ducation .- - 一university e ducation digitalresourofcampuson issued XX provi ncetea chi ng pointsces covering proje ctmanagemenetwork a nd networkaccsestoal l rooms;XX education metropolitanon.A ccordi ng toprovi nces arrangements,I Ce nter has arraof notificationngements10

17、萬 t 以下，不超過200t 為一編號當散裝水泥運輸工具的容量超過該廠規(guī)定出廠編號噸數(shù)時，允許該編號的數(shù)量超過取樣規(guī)定噸數(shù)。分割樣品質(zhì)試驗：分割樣試驗每季度進行一次。可任選一個品種、標號。分割樣的品質(zhì)試驗結(jié)果必須符合水泥標準技術(shù)要求。分割樣取得后應立即進行試驗。全部樣品必須在一周內(nèi)進行完畢。當分割樣試驗結(jié)果有低于水泥的技術(shù)要求時，或 28天抗壓強度變異系數(shù)大于6%時，即應每季度進行二次；當仍有低于技術(shù)要求時，或變異系數(shù)大于6時，則每月進行一次。當分割樣試驗結(jié)果全部符合水泥標準技術(shù)要求時，方可恢復為每季一次。增加試驗時，一般應用同品種、標號的水泥。取樣方法取樣應有代表性，可連續(xù)取，亦可從20 個

18、以上不同部位取等量樣品，總量至少12kg。自動取樣器取樣：將裝置安裝在盡量接近于水泥包裝機的管路中，從流動的水泥流中取出樣品，然后將樣品放入潔凈、干燥、不易受污染的容器中。取樣管取樣：隨機選擇 20個以上不同的部位，將取樣管插入水泥適當深度，用大拇指按住氣孔，小心抽出取樣管。將所取樣品放入潔凈、干燥、不易受污染的容器中。槽形管狀取樣器取樣：當所取水泥深度不超過2m時，采用槽形管式取樣器取樣。通過轉(zhuǎn)動取樣器內(nèi)管控制開關(guān)，在適當位置插入水泥一定深度，關(guān)閉后小心抽出。將所取樣品放入潔凈、干燥、不易受污染的容器中。廢品及不合格品的判定凡游離氧化鎂、三氧化硫、初凝時間、安定性中任一項指標不符合規(guī)定，均判

19、為廢品水泥，嚴禁在工程中使用；凡細度、終凝時間、不溶物和燒失量中任一項指標不符合規(guī)定，或混合料摻入量超過最大限量和強度低于商品強度等級指標時，判為不合格水泥。當水泥包裝標志中水泥品種、強度等級、生產(chǎn)者名稱和出廠標號不全的也屬于不合格品。對水泥出廠試驗報告的要求、對水泥出廠交貨與驗收的規(guī)定試驗報告內(nèi)容應包括本標準規(guī)定的各項技術(shù)要求及試驗結(jié)果，助磨劑、工業(yè)副產(chǎn)石膏、混合材料的名稱和摻加量，屬旋窯或立窯生產(chǎn)。當用戶需要時，水泥廠應在水泥發(fā)出之日起7 天內(nèi)寄發(fā)除28 天強度以外的各項試驗結(jié)果。28 天強度值，應在水泥發(fā)出之日起32 天內(nèi)補報。交貨與驗收：交貨時水泥的質(zhì)量驗收可抽取實物試樣以其檢驗結(jié)果為

20、依據(jù)，也可以水泥廠同編號水泥的檢驗報告為依據(jù)。采取何種方法驗收由買賣雙方商定，并在合同或協(xié)議中注明。以抽取實物試樣的檢驗結(jié)果為驗收依據(jù)時，買賣雙方應在發(fā)貨前或交貨地共同取樣和簽封。取樣數(shù)量為20kg,縮分為二等份。一份由賣方保存40 天，一份由買方按規(guī)定的項目和方法進行檢驗。在 40 天以內(nèi)，買方檢驗認為產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量不符合標準要求，而賣方又有異議時，則雙方應將賣方保存的另一份試樣送省級或省級以上國家認可的水泥質(zhì)量監(jiān)督檢驗機構(gòu)進行仲裁檢驗。以水泥廠同編號水泥的檢驗報告為驗收依據(jù)時，在發(fā)貨或交貨時買方在同編號水泥中抽取試樣，雙方共同簽封后保存三個月；或委托賣方在同編號水泥中抽取試樣，簽封后保存三個月。

21、在三個月內(nèi)，買方對水泥質(zhì)量有疑問時，則買賣雙方應將簽封的試樣送省級或省級以上國家認可的水泥質(zhì)量監(jiān)督檢驗機構(gòu)進行仲裁檢驗。水泥的物理力學性能檢測及評定方法( 包括所用材料、儀器設備、試驗步驟或程序、試驗結(jié)果處理及評定)a、維卡儀法稠度測定的方法拌制水泥凈漿。將攪拌鍋和攪拌葉片先用濕布擦過，將拌和水倒入鍋中，然后 5s10s內(nèi)小心將稱好的500g水泥加入鍋中，啟動攪拌機，低速攪拌120s,停15s,同時將葉片和鍋壁上的水泥漿刮入鍋中間，接著高速攪拌 120s停機。拌和結(jié)束后，立即將拌制好的水泥凈漿裝入已放在玻璃板上的試模中，用小刀插搗，輕輕振動數(shù)次，刮去多余的凈漿。抹平后迅速將試模和底板移到維卡儀

22、上，并將其中心定在試桿下，降低試桿直到與水泥凈漿表面接觸， 擰緊螺絲1s2smprove,se curitypreve ntionca pacityobviously e nhance d, security hidden a ndsecuritya ccdient obviously re duced,effectiveguarantees information health development. XXEducationCentre regularlycarry outday -to-day netw orksecurity monitoring informationa nd e q

23、ui pment. Bythe a ppr opriatetechni calstaff,XXnetworkengineroom maintenance staff on sitemanagementand maintena nce on areg ular ba sis,sche dule dviewi ng ofnetw orks,systems, databa sesand associatedequipmentoperatingconditions,andmakea record. Computerlabmainte nance manag ersregularlyr un ava r

24、ietyofdevices i n theschooli nformationsy stem parameters, serversystemsand various data backup,so that therewas a hardwarefailure in asystem crash can re sume quicklya ndefficie ntly. Computer lab mai ntenance managersestabl ish a networka ntivirussy stem,Avira V irus systemona regul ar basis,a nd

25、anti-vir ussoftware securityasse ssment,time to upgrade.Com puterla bmaintena ncemanagement for allequi pment int heroom aregular dust, replacethe ol d label.Regularlyhostserver s,netw ork switches, core r outing ,firewalls, har dware mainte nance,suchase qui pment failure,shoul dbeproce ssedin atim

26、ely mannerin ordertoensuresafeand reli able operati on ofthesy stem.In XX city information and equipment wa sestabli shed withi n theCentre, e ducationalmetropolitanareanetwork centermachine roomXX.Serversand datastores and a ppl icationsto setupi nXXCitymetropolitanareanetw orkcenter ma chi neroom.

27、WindowsS erver2003,window sServer2008,windowsServer2012,Linux,theoperatingsy stem,thedatabase forSQLServer2008, Officesoftware, suchasMi crosoft Office software.Schools (units)of computer,i nformation systemsecurityproductsfordomestic products, includingt heuse of 360 a nd king softInter netsecurity

28、software. XXeducati on metropolita n areanetw orkuse d by theserverfor HP , firewalland information securityproductforHuaweiand Cisco products.In t heirdailyw ork,to publicizerel atedknowledg e andi nformation security considerations.Enhanced globalaware ness ofnetworka nd i nformation security,a nd

29、strive to a chi evenetw ork everyoneknowsse curitya nd viru s beforet heguar d,toimprove network a nd information security, e nsurethatthe XXe ducationsystem netw ork and i nformation system securit y. Trackingreporting sy stem requires all partiestostrengthen collaboration,work closelywithemerge nc

30、y safetypla n devel ope d XX education metropolitan area netw ork,regularlycarry outemergencydrills,and carried outspe cialfunds everyyear toprotectthe securityof information.Annua l2-3 professi onaltrainingfornetworkmanagersin thecity,formingtechnol ogywith astrongpr ofessionaland techni cal team,

31、schoolnetwork managers on common networkfailuresa ndbecapable ofsolving security issues.Issues thatcannot be resolved,timely formsof meetings,such as meeti ngs,a nalysis,and solutions throug h ameeting,without rolling up t he abi lity to solveproblems,andfeedback tosuperior sinwriting departme ntsto

32、 resolve.Throughself-examinati on, w eare wellaware,relative lack ofinvestment in education,facilitiesand e qui pmentforfurther updates,educati ondevelopme ntisstilluneven, new e ducation conceptsneedto be furtherenhanced tosomeextentand restricti ng the development of cityeducation.Wewilltake theop

33、port unity ofgovernment supervision,to strive for theprovi nce education demonstration countiesasa drivi ng force,furtherincreaseinput ineducation,effortsto promotethelong wing ,and LiWa nfu,and Mi chaelJe nkins,andChen Jian, a ndS ongandxiaochuany un,7 bit comradeparti cipate in provi nce back bone

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41、or reofwho s in charge,w ho is runni ngand who isresponsiblefor, whouse sprinci ples ofwsponsibilit y.Accor dingto whoi s in chargeand re quirchnology Cobviouslyfacilityuptareanetworko 160 milli(chua n taught letter(2013)18tGongcenter ma chi ne roomequipmeh,)requirements,Ipoi nts impleme ntationtead

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44、 classroom With IntelcompaI 1 - - - _ _ 一 -onand rectionl evels,wit houtthird-leveling to thisoughthe classroom (primarya nd s econdary);36o ontea chi ng project lea ding group, XX,chaired tXXEducation City domain netw ork oftopi c casede sign,relie s on Cisco company thougIII_ - -L I -II -I- - I -

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52、orkaccesstoall rooms;on system securityma nagementlevelon.A ccordi ng toprovi nces arrangemeXX education metropolitannts,I Ce nter has arraof notificationngements后，突然放松，使試桿垂直自由地沉入水泥凈漿中。在試桿釋放30s 時或試桿不再下沉時記錄試桿到底板的距離，升起試桿后，立即擦凈。整個操作應在攪拌后 1.5min內(nèi)完成。以試桿沉入凈漿并距底板6mn1 1mm勺水泥凈漿為標準稠度凈漿，其拌和用水量為該水泥的標準稠度用水量。試錐法（

53、代用法）：采用代用法測定水泥標準稠度用水量可用調(diào)整水量和不變水量兩種方法的任一種測定。不變水量法時的拌和水量用142.5mL。拌制水泥凈漿。拌和結(jié)束后，立即將拌制好的水泥凈漿裝入錐模中，用小刀插搗，輕輕振動數(shù)次，刮去多余的凈漿；抹平后迅速放到試錐下面固定的位置上，將試錐降至凈漿表面，擰緊螺絲12s后，突然放松，讓試錐垂直自由地沉入水泥凈漿中。到試錐停止下沉或釋放試錐30s 時記錄試錐下沉深度。整個操作過程應在攪拌后1.5min 內(nèi)完成。調(diào)整水量法以試錐下沉深度28mn± 2mm寸的凈漿為標準稠度凈漿，其拌和用水量為該水泥的標準稠度用水量，按水泥質(zhì)量的百分比計。不變水量法，根據(jù)測得的試

54、錐下沉深度S （mrm計算標準稠度用水量 P=33.4-0.185S。當試錐下沉深度小于 13mm時，應改用調(diào)整水量法測定。調(diào)整水量法和固定水量法發(fā)生爭議時，以調(diào)整水量法為準。當固定水量法的試錐下沉深度小于13mm時，應采用調(diào)整水量法。b 、安定性測定的標準方法雷氏夾法；代用法試餅法；目前的安定性檢測方法只是針對游離CaO的影響，并未涉及游離 MgCO石膏造成的安定性問題。國家對游離MgCO SO在水泥中的含量均有嚴格的限制，超出指標的水泥即為廢品水泥，嚴禁在工程中使用。雷氏夾試件的制備方法：養(yǎng)護24h± 2h。雷氏夾法結(jié)果判別：當兩個試件煮后增加距離的平均值不大于5.0mm時，即認

55、為該水泥安定性合格，當兩個試件煮后增加距離的差值超過4.0mm時，應用同一樣品立即重做一次試驗。再如此，則認為該水泥為安定性不合格。 試餅法結(jié)果判別：試餅從玻璃板取下時，先檢查試餅是否完整（如已開裂、翹曲，要檢查原因，確定無外因時，該試餅已屬不合格，不必沸煮），在無缺陷的情況下沸煮后目測試件未發(fā)行裂縫，用鋼直尺檢查也沒有彎曲的試餅為安定性合格；反之為不合格。當兩個試餅判別結(jié)果有矛盾時，該水泥的安定性為不合格。沸煮的條件：30min± 5min 內(nèi)加熱水至沸騰，并恒沸3h± 5min。c、凝結(jié)時間測定的操作方法、注意事項。初凝時間測定：測定前準備工作，調(diào)整凝結(jié)時間測定儀的試針接觸玻璃板，使指針對準零點。以標準稠度用水量制成標準稠度凈漿，記錄水泥全部加入水中的時間作為凝結(jié)時間的起始時間。一次裝滿試模，振動數(shù)次刮平，立即放入濕氣養(yǎng)護箱中。計時開始30min 后進行第一次測定，測定時，從濕氣養(yǎng)護箱中取出試模放到試針下，降低試針與水泥凈漿表面接觸。擰緊螺絲1s2s后，突