高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專題復(fù)習(xí)介詞考點(diǎn)匯總

1、2021屆高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專題復(fù)習(xí)介詞考點(diǎn)匯總介詞不能單獨(dú)使用,必須后跟賓語(yǔ),構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)在句中使用,介詞短語(yǔ)由介詞+賓語(yǔ)構(gòu)成,在句中可作狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)等.in,on,to,with,by,for,at,from,up,beyond,before,among,of,off,against,like,since,besides,behind,during等aboutbeaboutto即將做What/Howabout？怎么樣for交換：Hesoldthehousefor50,000yuan.到達(dá)某一數(shù)值：Shewroteacheckfor£20.贊成,擁護(hù)：I'mforgettin

2、gupearlyandgoingtobedearly.固定搭配：foronething首先f(wàn)orexample例如forever永遠(yuǎn)forthetimebeing暫時(shí),目前forinstance例如forfree免費(fèi)forthefirsttimeA次forsale出售,待售watchoutfor警惕longfor渴望forone'sgood為某人好with和一起：HeisplayingtabletenniswithTom.用工具：Don'twritewithapencil.隨著：Theweatherchangeswithseasons.帶有,具有：Ourcompanyneeds

3、peoplewithspecializedknowledge.行為方式：Handlewithcare!原因：Sheshiveredwithcold.注意：with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：常在句中作狀語(yǔ),表示伴隨動(dòng)作、行為方式及原因、條件或結(jié)果等情況.Sheoftensleepswiththewindowopen.(adj.)她經(jīng)常開(kāi)著窗戶睡覺(jué).Hecameinwithabookinhishand.(prep.)他手里拿著本書(shū)進(jìn)來(lái)了.Shefeltscaredwithsomanypeoplelookingather.(doing)這么多人看著她,她感到害怕.Witheverythingbought,hele

4、ftthemarket.(done)買完了所需要的東西之后,他離開(kāi)了市場(chǎng).Withnothingtodo,hewentoutforawalk.(todo)由于沒(méi)有什么事情可做,他便到外面散步.Helefthisroomwiththelighton.adv.他離開(kāi)了房間,燈亮著.by用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：ThisbookwaswrittenbyLuXun.表地點(diǎn),“靠近,在的旁邊“：Thereisapumpingstationbytheriver.表時(shí)間,“在之前,不遲于“：Youmusthandinyourhomeworkbytomorrow.表方法、手段：Youwillmakeprogressonl

5、ybystudyinghard.途徑：Heenteredbythebackdoor.表示按某物標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或單位：Thecompanypaidmebythehour.根據(jù),根據(jù)：Don'tjudgeapersonbyhisappearance.觸及,持住某人的身體或衣物：Itooktheboybythehand.表增減程度：Hemissedthetargetbyaninch.固定搭配：littlebylittlestonebystoneonebyonebymistakebynomeansbyaccidentbychancebyoneselfbyandbybyfar逐漸地一塊石頭一塊石頭地一個(gè)一

6、個(gè)地由疏忽所至決不偶然偶然,碰巧單獨(dú)不久以后得多,最趨于,傾向某種情況,性質(zhì)等Iwasmovedtotears.to至U地點(diǎn)：LastweekherauntcametoShanghai.給：Ioftenwritetomyuncle.差時(shí)間：Itistentoeleven.比：Thescoreis2to1.伴隨：Hedancedtothemusic.他隨著音樂(lè)跳舞.使某人快樂(lè)的是使某人快樂(lè)的是使某人悲傷的是使某人大吃一驚的是使某人吃驚的是固定搭配：toone'sdelight=tothedelightofsb.toone'sjoy=tothejoyofsb.toonessorro

7、w=tothesorrowofsb.toonesastonishment=totheastonishmentofsb.toonessurprise=tothesurpriseofsb.off離,從離開(kāi)：ItisanislandoffthecoastofFrance.through通過(guò),“從一邊進(jìn),從另一邊出“：Shepushedherwaythroughthecrowd.由于：Thewarwaslostthroughbadorganization.從頭至尾,由始至終：Ireadthroughthebook.各處：WetraveledthroughFrance.beyond表示位置在那一邊,超出

8、范圍、限度：Myhomeisbeyondthebridge.Thisisbeyondmycomprehension.Thefruitwasbeyondmyreach.against反對(duì),違背：Weareagainstwaste.靠著,倚：Isatagainstthewall.Thepicturelooksgoodagainstthatlightwall.防御：Wearealltakingmedicineagainstthedisease.我們大家都在吃藥預(yù)防那種病.與相反,逆著：Wesailedagainstthewind.at在表空間、地點(diǎn)：Idon'tknowthemanstand

9、ingatthegate.在時(shí)亥U表時(shí)間：Weusuallygotoworkattwointheafternoon.以速度、價(jià)格：Theysoldtheirbeefatahighprice.處于狀態(tài),從事于：Thetwocountrieswereatwar.表示目標(biāo),意為"朝,對(duì)"：Wehadaheatedargumentandshoutedateachother.與有情感的詞語(yǔ)連用如angry,delighted,glad,happy,sad,disappointed,shocked,excited等表示產(chǎn)生這些感情的原因,“由于,對(duì)于"：Iwassurpris

10、edatthenews.Wewereindeepsorrowathisdeath.I'mgladathearingyourreturnhomefromCanada.Hisparentsweredisappointedathislosingthechancetouniversity.固定搭配：atthelatestatseaatonceatmostatleastatfirstatpresentatonetimeatatimeatbreakfast最遲在海上,在航海馬上至多至少起初,開(kāi)始的時(shí)候目前曾經(jīng)一次吃早餐時(shí)atthesametime同時(shí)atstake在勝敗關(guān)頭,冒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)over超過(guò)：T

11、hereareovertwentygirlsinourclass.遍于：IhavetraveledalloverEurope.在上方與under相反：Thereisabridgeovertheriver.越過(guò)尤指先往上再往下：Hejumpedoverthewall.在期間：WillyoubeathomeoverChristmas?通過(guò)：Idon'twanttosayitoverthetelephone.在上面蓋著：Heputthenewspaperoverhisface.in在方面：Yoursuccessintheexaminationdependsuponyoureffortsnow

12、.用語(yǔ)言：HewrotealetterinEnglish.表示計(jì)算或度量的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),“用,以"：Theenergyismeasuredincalories.在之內(nèi)表時(shí)間或空間：Theworkwascompletedintwoweeks.過(guò)后時(shí)間：Itwillbereadyinaweek.穿、戴：Heisinasilkshirt.表狀態(tài)：Hewasinpoorhealth.Theroomisinamess.表示原材料：Theletterwaswritteninink.固定搭配:inpublicinordertoinnotimeincommoninallinfactintheendinthe

13、distance公開(kāi)地inalowvoiceinawordinotherwordsinmoderntimesinplaceingeneralinthepastinthiswayinreturninshortintheopenairtakeprideintakepartinplayapartinintheformof為了馬上共同,共用總共實(shí)際上最后,終于在遠(yuǎn)處低聲地總之換句話說(shuō)現(xiàn)代,近代在適當(dāng)?shù)牡胤揭话阏f(shuō)來(lái)在過(guò)去用這種方法作為回報(bào)簡(jiǎn)言之在戶外以自豪參加在方面起作用以形式insight在視力范圍之內(nèi),看得見(jiàn)incase萬(wàn)一inthenameof以名義indetail詳細(xì)地on在的外表上：There

14、aretwomapsonthewall.在的時(shí)候某日或某日的上午、下午、晚上,表具體或特殊的日子:OnthemorningofNovember12,1939,Dr.Bethunebreathedhislast.有關(guān),論及：Ihavewrittenanarticleontheimportanceofbirthcontrol.在河畔,沿著：是的一員：LondonisontheThames.MyclassmateisonChinaDaily.ondoingsth.onleaveonpurposeonholidayonthewholeonfireonone'sownonstrikeonthel

15、eft/rightonthecontraryonsaleonaverageontheaironboardcallonsb.onbehalfofOn(hearing).一一就休假成心度假總的來(lái)說(shuō)著火單獨(dú),單獨(dú)罷工在左/右邊相反地出售/減價(jià)平均無(wú)線電/電視播送在車/船/飛機(jī)上拜訪某人代表聽(tīng)到就固定搭配：of和某一動(dòng)詞連用表示"想到","談到"：Hebegantotalkofhishometown.表示所屬關(guān)系：HeisaworkeroftheBeijing.fromfromamong從當(dāng)中,frombehind從后面,fromunder從下面,atabout

16、在大約左右,afterabout在大約之后,fromacross從的對(duì)岸,fromabove從上方等Itookaballfromunderthetable.我從桌底拿出一個(gè)球.易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥：1. in與withinin后接表示時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度的名詞,可以與將來(lái)時(shí)或過(guò)去時(shí)連用.如果它與將來(lái)時(shí)連用,那么常表示“過(guò)一段時(shí)間之后；如果與非將來(lái)時(shí)連用,常表示“在之內(nèi).in火車還有十五分鐘就到了.“不超過(guò),不到某一段時(shí)間.更正式.我三周之內(nèi)回來(lái).Thetrainwillarriveinfifteenminutes.within后接表示時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度的名詞,表示在這一范圍之內(nèi),可以同將來(lái)時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí)連用,比Ishallbeb

17、ackwithinthreeweeks.2. in和afterin后接一段時(shí)間,after接某一點(diǎn)的時(shí)間,均可用于將來(lái)時(shí).in不可以接表示某一點(diǎn)的時(shí)間名詞,而after如果在過(guò)去時(shí)的句子中可以加一段的時(shí)間名詞,表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間算起,in加一段時(shí)間指從現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間算起.I'llcomebackinanhour.我要在一小時(shí)后回來(lái).(inanhour為一段時(shí)間)Illcomebackafterthreeoclock.我要在三點(diǎn)鐘之后回來(lái).threeo'clock為時(shí)間點(diǎn)3. through,across和over它們都可用作介詞,與動(dòng)詞連用,表示“通過(guò),穿過(guò)".但acro

18、ss強(qiáng)調(diào)在某一物體平面上運(yùn)動(dòng),與on有關(guān),側(cè)重橫貫式橫向通過(guò)；through強(qiáng)調(diào)運(yùn)動(dòng)在某一物體的三維空間(內(nèi)部)進(jìn)行,與in有關(guān),側(cè)重在空間穿過(guò)；over是從某物體上方越過(guò),或在高形物上穿過(guò),當(dāng)表示在某一長(zhǎng)形物的另一邊時(shí)用法同across.Thenwetookoffandflewoverthemountain.隨后我們起飛了,飛過(guò)高山.Theroadrunsthroughthevillage.這條路穿過(guò)這村子.Theywalkedacrossthesquare.他們走過(guò)廣場(chǎng).4. besides和except,butbesides"除之外,還有,表示附加意義；except"

19、除了,不包括“,常與表示全肯定或全部否認(rèn)的詞連用,表示整體中除去例外,即整體中不再包括除去局部.but意義與except相同,但語(yǔ)氣較except弱；使用except的限制較少,而使用but那么有許多限制,but只能用在none,all,nobody,anybody,everything,everyone,以及who,what,where之后.WeallwenttothepartybesidesTom.除了湯姆參加了晚會(huì),我們也去了.Weallwenttothepartyexcept/butTom.除了湯姆沒(méi)去晚會(huì),我們都去了.Whobut/exceptafoolwoulddosuchathi

20、ng?除了傻瓜,有誰(shuí)會(huì)做這樣的事情呢？5.except和exceptforexcept是從一組東西中排除其特殊一個(gè)或幾個(gè),exceptfor那么是以保存的方式對(duì)整個(gè)句子內(nèi)容進(jìn)行修正,也就是說(shuō),如果兩局部所用的詞或詞組所表示的并非同一類事,而它們之間又是所屬關(guān)系,句子后半部對(duì)前半部所說(shuō)的根本情況在細(xì)節(jié)上加以修正,就要用exceptfor.except只用于句中、句末,不用于句首.Exceptfor可用于句首.Ilookedeverywhereexceptinthebathroom.除了浴室之外,我到處都看了.Heisagoodmanexceptforhottemper.他是個(gè)好人,只是脾氣暴躁而已.6. Itbe+形容詞+forsb.todosth./Itbe+形容詞+ofsb.todosth.如果句型中的形容詞描述的是sb.的品質(zhì)、品格,在邏輯上可以作sb.的表語(yǔ),那么sb.前應(yīng)用介詞of,否那么就用for.It'snecessaryf