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1、八年級第二學期牛津英語知識點梳理及配套練習Unit 2 Water Talk重點詞組1. the amount of water 水的數(shù)量2. flow into 流入3. rise from 從升起4. fall as sth. 像似的下落5. tap was on 水龍頭開著6. pour into the washbasin 倒入洗漱池里7. look around 環(huán)顧四周8. sound impatient 聽起來不耐煩9. a drop of water 一滴水10. before that 在那之前11. enjoy the view 欣賞景色12. dropinto 把扔到.1
2、3. speed down 快速下滑,跌落14. clean up 凈化,弄干凈15. a water treatment works 自來水廠16. finish with sth. 用完,不再需要某人17. pumpinto 把吸收到18. a sewage plant 污水處理廠19. a thorough cleaning 一次徹底的清潔20. addto 將加入21. the end of journey 旅程結束22. wait a minute 等一下23. liquid gold 液體黃金24. mean by 意思是25. talk to sb. 和某人談話詞型轉(zhuǎn)換1) da
3、ily adj. 每天的 day n.天2) increase v. 增加 increasable adj. 可增加的 increasing adj. 日益增加的 (反義) decrease v. 減少3) impatient adj. 不耐煩的 impatiently adv. 不耐煩地 impatience n. 急躁 (反義) patient adj. 耐心的4) comfortably adv. 舒服地 comfort v. 安樂n. 舒適comfortable adj. 舒服的 (反義) uncomfortably adv. 不舒服地5) relax v. 放松 relaxed ad
4、j. (人)輕松的 relaxing adj. 令人放松的6) works n. 工廠, 作品 work n. 工作,事業(yè) v. 工作,干活7) cleaning n.清潔,打掃 clean v.使干凈 adj. 清潔的8)ordinary adj. 普通的 ordinarily adv. 普通地9)manufacture v. 生產(chǎn),制造. manufacturer n. 制造商 manufacturing adj.制造的 manufactory n. 工廠10)equipment n. 設備 equip v. 裝備,配備 equipped adj. 裝備的重要句型1. She was br
5、ushing her teeth and the tap was on were/was +doing 表示為過去進行時態(tài),強調(diào)在過去某一點時間時正在進行的動作。例句: It was 2 oclock and my mother was reading a book. on adv. 表示已連接,處于工作狀態(tài)中 (反義)off2, Water was pouring into the washbasin and vanishing down the drain. pour into 流入vanish down 向下消失3. Turn that tap offturn sth. off = tu
6、rn off sth. 動詞+副詞+sth. = 動詞+sth. +副詞常見詞組: pick up , write down, turn on, etc. 4. The voice sounded impatient. sound + adj. 聽起來 sound系動詞 系動詞分類:1) 表示感官的系統(tǒng)詞 look, sound, taste, smell, feel,這五個動詞均可作連系動詞,后面接形容詞作表語,說明主語所處的狀態(tài)。其意思分別為看/聽/聞/嘗/摸起來。除look之外,其它幾個動詞的主語往往是物,而不是人。2)表示狀態(tài)的系動詞用來表示主語狀態(tài),只有be一詞,3)表示持續(xù)狀態(tài)的系
7、動詞,主要有keep, remain, stay 等4)表示主語變化的系動詞,主要有become, grow, turn, fall, 等5. Its not easy for me to get here. It is + adj. +for sb. +to do sth. 其中it 作為形式主語,to do sth. 是邏輯主語。例句: It is important for us to learn English well. 對于我們而言,學好英語非常重要。6. A few days ago, I was floating comfortably in a cloudy in Jiang
8、xi, enjoying the view. Enjoying the view 作為句子的伴隨狀語,強調(diào)水滴在漂浮在云上的時候,正在欣賞著美好的風景。7Then the cloud dropped me into a stream and I sped down the mountain into the Yangtze River. dropinto把。扔到。speed, sped, sped v. 加快,飛跑8. The Yangtze River carried me to a lake. carry sb. to spl. 攜帶某人去某地carry v. 攜帶* carry, tak
9、e, bring,的區(qū)別caryy 意為 攜帶bring意為“帶來,拿來”,指把某物或某人從另一個地方帶到說話的地方來,也可以說是“由遠及近”。take(帶走)意為把某物或某人從說話的地方帶到另一個地方去,也可以說是“由近及遠”,常和介詞to構成搭配。carry意思是“提、扛、搬、攜帶”,意思較多,但沒有方向性。9. Then it was time to get cleaned up. clean up 凈化,弄干凈get + 過去分詞 也是一種被動語態(tài)。例如: get lost 迷路 get hurt 受傷 get married 結婚It is time to do sth. =It i
10、s for sth. 的時候到了It is time to have lunch= It is time for lunch.10. I was dirty after my journey so they took me to a water treatment works. so conj. 表結果,不能與because 連用。常見的還有although,though不能與but連用。treatment n. 當治療方式時為可數(shù)名詞, 當治療時為不可數(shù)名詞works n. 工廠11. I waited there until you called me, and here I am. un
11、til 一直到 引導時間狀語從句常用結構: notuntil 直到。才 here I am 意為:我就到這里了。倒裝句 = I am here. 例句: Here comes the bus. 車來了。12. When youve finished with me, Ill go to a sewage plant. Then theyll pump me into the river and Ill be back in the sea again. finish with sth. 不再需要某物,用完plant 意為“ 工廠,車間”pump into 把。抽吸到。13. Remember
12、not to waste me or pollute me. remember (not ) to do sth. 記?。ú唬┮プ瞿呈聄emember doing sth. 記得做過某事例句: Remember to close the door before you leave. 離開之前記得要去關門。 I remember meeting you somewhere before. 我記得以前于建國你。相似結構:try to do sth. 盡力做某事 try doing sth. 嘗試做某事 forget to do sth. 忘記去做某事 forget doing sth. 忘記做某
13、事 stop to do sth. 停止去做某事 stop doing sth. 停止做某事14. “What do you mean by liquid gold? “ But there was no reply. The water had gone. mean by 意思是What do you mean by saying so? 你這么說是什么意思?reply 是answer 的近義詞l reply 意為經(jīng)過思考之后回復對方的問題。reply to sbl answer 泛指各類回答。 answer the question had gone 為過去完成時態(tài),表示一個動作或狀態(tài)在過
14、去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)完成或結束?;窘Y構“ had + 過去分詞”例句: Before I could say soemthing, the handsome man had gone. 在我想說什么之前,那個帥哥已經(jīng)不見了。語法知識:數(shù)量的表示方式1. 修飾不可數(shù)名詞little(幾乎沒有,表示否定含義), a little(少量), not much,(不多) much (許多) a great deal of (大量)2. 修飾不可數(shù)名詞few(幾乎沒有,表示否定含義), a few(少量), not many(不多), many (許多)a large number of (大量)
15、3. 修飾可數(shù)和不可數(shù)no(沒有), some(一些), any(一些), a lot of (許多),lots of (許多), plenty of (充足的), enough (足夠的)4. 表示數(shù)量約數(shù)數(shù)量表示方式例句數(shù)量正好enoughI have got enough rice. 數(shù)量過多too manytoo much I have got too many apples.I have got too much rice數(shù)量過少too fewtoo littlenot enough I have got too few apples.I have got too little ri
16、ce.I havent got enough apple. 5. 其他數(shù)量搭配only a few (=few) 一點點例句: He spoke only a few words. not a few (=many) 相當多,不少例句:Both students have made not a few experiments on electricity.quite a few (=many) 相當多 例句:Quite a few people came to the lecture. many a (=many)例句:Many a famous pop star has been ruine
17、d by drugs6. none 的用法none作為不定代詞,其義相當于no one、nothing 或not any.1) none與some one、 any one、 every one 均既可指人、也可指物,后可跟of結構;而no one、 everybody、 anybody、 something、 nothing等復合不定代詞只表示人或只表示物,后面不能跟of結構。2) none作主語指代三者或三者以上的可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)時,謂語用單數(shù)也可用復數(shù),常無多大區(qū)別;例句: None of them are teachers. None of them is teachers. 3) 對ho
18、w many, how much 的否定簡略回答,用none而不用nobody 或nothing。例句: - How much rice is there in the box? None. 7. 可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞1)可數(shù)名詞: 一般來說個體名詞和集體名詞可以用數(shù)目來計算,稱為可數(shù)名詞。個體名詞: 表示人或物體中可以數(shù)清的單個體. 如:student, pen集體名詞: (即集合名詞)表示由個體組成的集合體。如:people, family可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復數(shù)兩種形式。如:map maps onion onions baker bakers2)不可數(shù)名詞:不可數(shù)名詞不能用數(shù)字計算包括物質(zhì)名
19、詞及抽象名詞。物質(zhì)名詞: 表示構成物體物質(zhì)的不可數(shù)名詞,或表示無法分為個體的物質(zhì)的名詞。如:gold, air 抽象名詞 : 表示動作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、情感等非具體化的抽象概念。如:advice, hate不可數(shù)名詞沒有復數(shù)形式,只有單數(shù)形式。如:some water a lot of bread 3)對可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問用 how many ;對不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問要用 how much雙基訓練Exercises for Chapter 2I. Choose the best answer (選擇最恰當?shù)拇鸢福肁、B、C或D表示,填入空格內(nèi)。)( ) 1. What does the mana
20、ger mean _ saying break legs when we have the match? A. for B. by C. with D. to ( ) 2. My little brother cant find his favourite toy and now he becomes _.A. impatiently B. happily C. excited D. impatient ( ) 3. Hurry up! We have _ time left.A. many B. much C. little D. a little ( ) 4. Suddenly, I he
21、ard _ strang voice behind me. A. a B. an C. the D. /( ) 5. When Daisy _ and the tap was on. A. is brushing B. brushed C. brushes D. was brushing. ( ) 6. Daisy is talking with a _ of water. A. cup B. piece C. drop D. box( ) 7. This place is very _ and make people feel _.A. relaxedrelaxed B. relaxingr
22、elaxing C. relaxedrelaxing D. relaxingrelaxed( ) 8. water was given a thorough _ and get _ up. A. cleanclean B. cleaningcleaned C. cleanedcleaned D. cleanedcleaning( ) 9. Lets wait _ the rain stop. A. until B. because C. but D. so ( ) 10. Please remember _ the light when you leave the classroom. A.
23、turning off B. turn off C. turned off D. to turn off( ) 11. How many people can a plane _? A. take B. send C. carry D. bring ( ) 12. The room has _ so it is _.A. enough lightsenough bright B. enough lightsbright enoughC. lights enoughbright enough D. lights enoughbright enough( ) 13. It _ me fifteen
24、 minutes to go to school by bike.A. keeps B. uses C. spends D. takes( ) 14. A: Daisy could read English when she was four years old. B: _ clever the girl was!A. How a B. What a C. What D. How ( ) 15. Only you are here. Where are _?A. the other boy B. the others boys C. other boys D. the other boys(
25、) 16. A: Which do you like btter, singing or dancing? B: _ of them is ok. I like all the activites. A. Both B. Neither C. Either D. None( ) 17. A: Im afraid I cant help you. B: _. I can do it by myself.A. Certainly B. Thats right C. Never mind D. Im sorry. ( ) 18. A: When will we get off the buts? B
26、: _.A. Here they are. B. Here we are. C. We are here. D. Thank you. ( ) 19. Teacher wanted to find out who broke the window but no one replied. A. answered B. talked C. said D. spoke( ) 20. The doctor gave him a thorough exam that day. A. clearly B. careful C. complete D. correctII. Complete the sen
27、tences with the given words in their proper forms. (用括號中所給單詞的適當形式完成下列句子)1. He doesnt have a necessary _, though he was badly ill. (treat ) 2. A few days ago, I was floating _ in a cloud in Jiangxi, enjoying the view. ( comfort)3. Our body needs eight cups of water _. ( day ) 4. Doctors suggest us we
28、 should brush our _ at least twice a day. ( tooth ).5. The cloud dropped the water into a stream and the water _ down the mountain into the Yangtze River. ( speed ) 6. The strange voice _ Dasiy when she heard it. ( freeze ) III. Rewrite the sentences (按要求改寫句子,每空格限填一詞)1. Turn off the light . ( 改為否定句)
29、 _ _ off the light. 2. The water is precious. ( 改為感嘆句)_ _ the water is !3. You must remember ! Dont waste or pollute water. ( 合并為一句)You must remember _ _ waste or pollute water.4. To work out the math problem is not easy for me. (保持句意不變)_ is not easy for me _ work out the math problem. 5. There is a
30、 lot of rice here. (劃線部分提問)_ _ rice is here? IV. Cloze text A) Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage(選擇最恰當?shù)膯卧~或詞語,完成短文. )The world is not only hungry, but it is also _1_for water. This may seem strange to you, since nearly 70% of the earths surface is _2_ with water. But about 97%
31、of that is sea wate, or salt watre. Man can only drink and sue the other 3% - the fresh water from rivers, lakes, underground, and other sources. (源泉). And we can not evern use all of that. Even worse, some of it has been made dirty. However, as things stand today, this _3_ water is still enough for
32、 us. But our need for water is becoming larger and larger quickly almost _4_. We should take steps to do with this problem now and in this way we can get away from a serious world wide water shortage (缺乏) later on.We all have to learn how to stop _5_ our valuable water. One of the first steps is to
33、develop ways of reusing it. Today in most large cities, water is used only once and then sent out into a sewer system (下水道). From there it returns to _6_ or runs into underground places. But even if every large city reused its water, we still would not have _7_. All wed have to do to make use of sea
34、 water in the world is to remove the salt. If we take these steps we will be in no danger of drying up. Choose the words or expressions and complete passage. (7分)( ) 1. A. thirstyB. sweetyC. sportD. hungry( ) 2. A. filled B. cover C. covered D. full( ) 3. A. salt B. fresh C. icy D. sweet( ) 4. A. da
35、y B. day with day C. day by day D. day on day( ) 5. A. wasting B. reusing C. to waste D. reducing( ) 6. A. Moon B. land C. space D. sea( ) 7. A. manyB. enough C. few D. a lot ofB) Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words(在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當?shù)脑~,使其內(nèi)容通順,每空格限填一詞,首字母已給。)Without water at lunchtime
36、One day at Bluesea Middle School in Hong Kong, about 450 students and teachers went without water at l_1_. They were in a meeting to learn about s_2_ water. The school also collected about HK$10,000. The money would be used to plant 1,880 tress at the heads of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers. The loca
37、l director of “ Friends of the Earth” Ms. Wong explained that one third of the worlds population still did not have enough water for all their needs. She thought that by the year 2010, one half of the worlds population would not have enough water. Ms. Wong said she had visited the heads of the two r
38、ivers three times in the past year. “ I had expected them to be clean places, as they are at the t_3_ of the rivers. However, sadly I found that they were polluted seriously, even worse than a few years ago.”Ms. Wong said that if everyone helped save water, the situation would get a little b_4_. She
39、 hoped that everyone could do something for saving water. One of the students who a_5_ the meeting said,” Im pleased I came to the meeting. Now I can remember how a third of the population lives. I thin Ill try and c_6_ some of my habits, for example, when I clean my teeth, I dont leave the tap running but use just a glass of water i_7_. l_ 2. s_ 3.
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