英語語法復(fù)習(xí)專題二 冠詞

1、語法復(fù)習(xí)專題二冠詞一、考點(diǎn)聚焦1.不用冠詞的情況（1）專有名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞、人名、地名等名詞前，一般不加冠詞。China, America, SmithAir is matter.（2）可數(shù)名詞前有物主代詞、指示代詞、名詞所有格等限制時(shí)，不加冠詞。This dictionary is mine.（3）季節(jié)、月份、星期、節(jié)日、假日、一日三餐名稱前一般不加冠詞。March, May Day, National Day, Childrens Day, Womens Day Have you had supper?Spring is the best season of the year.（4

2、）稱呼語或指家用雇用的nurse、cook等名詞前及表示頭銜職務(wù)的名詞作賓語、補(bǔ)語及同位語時(shí)，一般不加冠詞。Whats this, Father? We made him our chairman.Ask nurse to put the child to bed. Professor Li.（5）學(xué)科名稱、球類、棋類名稱前不加冠詞。Do you study physics?He likes playing football/chess.（6）復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示泛指一類人或事物時(shí)前不用冠詞。They are peasants/ workers.（7）在與by連用的交通工具名稱前不加冠詞。by car

3、, by bus,by bike, by train, by air/ water/ land但：take a bus, come in a boat, on the train/ bus需注意。（8）某些固定詞組中不用冠詞。名詞詞組中： husband and wife, brother and sister, body and soul, day and night, knife and fork介詞詞組中：to(at, from) school, in (to)class, in (to,at, from)university（college）,to（in, into, from）chu

4、rch, to(in,into, out of)prison(hospital, bed), to(at, from, out of)work, to(in, from) town,at (from)home, to(at)sea, at night(noon, midnight), by car (bus, bicycle, plane), on foot注意：在有些詞組中，有無冠詞含義不同。in hospital 住院（因病） in the hospital在醫(yī)院（工作、參觀等） in front of在前面，指某物體之外in the front of在前部，指某物之內(nèi)in charge負(fù)

5、責(zé)，主管 out of question沒問題in the charge由負(fù)責(zé) out of the question不可能（9）as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，作表語的名詞不帶冠詞。Child as she is, she knows a lot of French.（10）系動(dòng)詞turn（作“變成”解）后作表語的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前習(xí)慣不用冠詞。The young girl has turned writer.= The young girl has become a writer.（11）在單數(shù)名詞 + after + 同一單數(shù)名詞（表示“一個(gè)接一個(gè)”）結(jié)構(gòu)中，單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前不加冠詞。She did

6、 experiment after experiment.類似的還有：shop after shop, mistake after mistake（12）形容詞的最高級(jí)前、序數(shù)詞前也有不用定冠詞的情況?！癿ost + 形容詞原級(jí)”作“十分、非常、極”解時(shí)，前面不用定冠詞。Oh, its most beautiful.當(dāng)兩個(gè)形容詞最高級(jí)并列修飾同一個(gè)名詞時(shí)，第二個(gè)形容詞前通常不用定冠詞。She is the tallest and fattest girl in our school.當(dāng)形容詞最高級(jí)作表語，不表示與其他人或物相比時(shí)，其前不用定冠詞。The market in the countr

7、y is busiest in winter.形容詞最高級(jí)前有名詞所有格或物主代詞時(shí)，不能用定冠詞。A wolf in a sheeps skin is our most dangerous enemy.序數(shù)詞前面一般加定冠詞表示“第”之意，但在second、third等詞前加不定冠詞表示“又一，再一”之意。why you took a second arrow注意：下句中“a first”表示“第一名、冠軍”。He is a top student in our class; he often gets a first in maths.（13）no與such連用時(shí)應(yīng)放在such之前，suc

8、h后面的名詞不用冠詞。No such thing has ever happened in this village.（14）never、ever置于作主語的名詞前，這些名詞前不用冠詞。Never did student study so hard.這個(gè)學(xué)生從未學(xué)得這么認(rèn)真。（15）有時(shí)為了節(jié)省空間、時(shí)間、金錢和精力，或?yàn)榱艘鹱⒁饬Γ∪(n)或the,這主要用于新聞標(biāo)題、工商業(yè)文件、廣告、電報(bào)、公告、提綱、書名等。Conference opens.會(huì)議召開了。2.定冠詞的使用情況（1）使用定冠詞的一般情況。特指或第二次提到。序數(shù)詞前、最高級(jí)前、獨(dú)一無二的東西前。用于表示發(fā)明物的單數(shù)名詞前

9、或某些專有名詞前。（2）定冠詞使用特殊的場(chǎng)合。 He hit him in the face.beat sb. on the nose, take sb. by the arm, pat sb. on the head the rich, the poor, the wounded 富人，窮人，傷員 the elder of the two, he more beautiful of the two兩者中較年長(zhǎng)的一位，較漂亮的一個(gè) The sooner, the better.越快越好。 He got paid by the hour.他是按小時(shí)付工錢的。by the yard/the doz

10、en/the month/the year但：by weight按重量 in the 50s /in the 1870s（表示年代） the Smiths/the Whites（表示一家人或夫婦倆） in the water/field/light/shade/distance/middle/country/rain tell the truth/on the other hand/on the way home 當(dāng)抽象名詞表示某一特定內(nèi)容，特別是當(dāng)它有一限定性修飾語時(shí)，它與定冠詞連用：She is fond of music.He is playing the music written b

11、y Beethoven.Good advice is beyond price.Im sorry not to have taken the advice he gave.3.不定冠詞常用的幾種情況（1）表示“一”相當(dāng)于“one”。Ill return in a day or two.（2）表示“每”相當(dāng)于“per”。We have three meals a day.（3）表示“同一性”相當(dāng)于“the same”。The children are of an age. （4）表示類指，表示“某類”。He wants to he a doctor.（5）表示泛指，相當(dāng)于“any”。A hors

12、e is a useful animal.（6）表示某一個(gè)，相當(dāng)于“a certain”。A Mr. Smith is asking to see you. （7）與抽象名詞連用，可以表示“一場(chǎng)、一次、一件”，如：a pleasure一件樂事，a surprise一件令人驚訝的事，a joy一件高興的事，a pity一件遺憾的事，an honour一個(gè)（件）經(jīng)以為榮的人(事)。（8）與物質(zhì)名詞連用，表示“一種，一陣、一份”。What a heavy rain!What a good supper!Please give me a black coffee!4.冠詞表類別的常見方式（1）定冠詞

13、+ 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，表示一個(gè)，代表一類。The computer was invented in 1945.The TV set was invented by Joan Baird.The horse is a useful animal.（2）不定冠詞 + 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞（表示任意一個(gè)，某一個(gè)）。A pen is a tool for writing.A square has four sides.A horse is a useful animal.注意：man, woman表示泛指時(shí)，不用冠詞，且常用單數(shù)。如：Man is fighting a battle against polluti

14、on.Man tries to be the protector of woman.（3）可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，指類別（考慮到同類中的各個(gè)情況）。Horses are useful animals.Rice is a kind of food.5.冠詞位置問題（1）不定冠詞 + 副詞 + 形容詞 + 名詞。This is a very interesting story.（2）such、what、both、all、quite、rather +不定冠詞+形容詞+名詞。Ive never seen such a film!Half a pound of pork,please!What a goo

15、d idea it is!（3）as、so、too、how、however、enough+形容詞+不定冠詞+名詞。It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.I cant finish the task in so short a time.This seems not too long a distance.We wonder how difficult a problem he worked out.However low te price you paid,you waste your money.He is brave enough a h

16、unter to kill the bear.（4）定冠詞位置。half、twice、three times + the + 名詞He paid twice the price for it.Their house is three times the size of yours.all、both、double + the + 名詞Both the blind men were mistaken.All the students in our class are eager to know the secret.I offered him double the amount, but he s

17、till refused.二、精典名題導(dǎo)解選擇填空1. The warmth of _sweater will of course be determined by the sort of _wool used.（NMET 2001）AThe ; the Bthe ; / C/; the D/; /解析：答案為B。第一空格為特指，交待the warmth的內(nèi)容，第二空格為泛指，the sort of wool used所用羊毛的種類。此題有三點(diǎn)需注意：正確理解sweater 這一句詞在句中的類別。掌握determine在句中作“決定”、“取決于”這個(gè)意思。掌握定冠詞表特指的基本用法。2. Mo

18、st animals have little connection with_animals of_different kind unless they kill them for food.（NMET 2000）Athe a B/ a Cthe the D/ the解析：答案為B。名詞復(fù)數(shù)表類別，其前不用冠詞，故第一個(gè)空格不填冠詞，表不定概念的“一種”，“某種”要用不定冠詞a。要準(zhǔn)確掌握冠詞表類別的三種表達(dá)方式和不定冠詞常用的幾種情況，見前面要點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)聚焦內(nèi)容。3. Paper money was in_use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in _thirteenth century.（NMET1999）Athe / Bthe the C/ the D/ /解析：答案為C。題中in use是固定搭配，意為“在使用”，use為抽象名詞，其前不用冠詞。后者是序數(shù)詞前用定冠詞the。要牢記一些固定搭配如in use、under construction（在建設(shè)中）、in debt（欠債）、come to power（執(zhí)政）、on fire（著火）、at table（用餐）、out of work（失業(yè)）