中考復(fù)合句 狀語從句

1、初三首輪復(fù)習(xí)句法初三首輪復(fù)習(xí)句法復(fù)合句復(fù)合句 狀語從句狀語從句復(fù)合句概念概念 復(fù)合句也稱復(fù)合句也稱主從句主從句，即主句和從句，即主句和從句，從句須有從句須有引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞或叫連詞引出，否則復(fù)合或叫連詞引出，否則復(fù)合句不成立。由于連詞既起句不成立。由于連詞既起連接連接主句和從句主句和從句的作用，表明主從句之間的關(guān)系，還在從的作用，表明主從句之間的關(guān)系，還在從句中句中充當(dāng)充當(dāng)一定的一定的成份成份，有一定的意義，故，有一定的意義，故復(fù)合句中的連詞常成為考查的焦點(diǎn)。復(fù)合句中的連詞常成為考查的焦點(diǎn)。 初中階段復(fù)合句初中階段復(fù)合句 1.賓語從句賓語從句 2.狀語從句狀語從句 3.定語從句定語從句 狀語從句狀

2、語從句 用來修飾主句中的動(dòng)詞，副詞和形容詞的從句叫狀語從句。根據(jù)其含義狀語從句可分為時(shí)間狀語從句，地點(diǎn)狀語從句，條件狀語從句， 原因狀語從句，結(jié)果狀語從句，比較狀語從句，目的狀語從句，讓步狀語從句。1. 時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)間狀語從句2. 條件狀語從句條件狀語從句3. 原因狀語從句原因狀語從句4. 結(jié)果狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句5. 比較狀語從句比較狀語從句6. 目的狀語從句目的狀語從句7. 讓步狀語從句讓步狀語從句8. 地點(diǎn)狀語從句地點(diǎn)狀語從句1. 時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)間狀語從句(1)時(shí)間狀語從句常用時(shí)間狀語從句常用when, as, while, before, after, since, till, un

3、til, as soon as等連詞來引導(dǎo)。例如：等連詞來引導(dǎo)。例如： It was raining hard when got to school yesterday. While he was doing his homework, the telephone rang. As he walked along the lake, he sang happily. He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China. After he finished middle school, he went to work in a fact

4、ory.(2)在時(shí)間狀語從句里，通常不用將來時(shí)態(tài)，在時(shí)間狀語從句里，通常不用將來時(shí)態(tài)，用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表示將來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。例如：用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表示將來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。例如： Ill ring you up as soon as I get to New York. I will tell him everything when he comes back. He wont believe it until he sees it with his own eyes.(3)在帶有在帶有till或或until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句的主從復(fù)合引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句里，如果主句用句里，如果主句用肯定式肯定式，

5、其含義是，其含義是“一直一直到到時(shí)時(shí)”，謂語動(dòng)詞只能用，謂語動(dòng)詞只能用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如果。如果主句主句用否定式用否定式，其含義是，其含義是“直到直到才才”, “在在以前不以前不”, 謂語動(dòng)詞可用謂語動(dòng)詞可用瞬間動(dòng)詞瞬間動(dòng)詞。例。例如：如： The young man read till the light went out. Lets wait until the rain stops. We wont start until Bob comes. Dont get off until the bus stops.2. 條件狀語從句條件狀語從句 (1)條件狀語從句通常由條件狀語從句通常

6、由if, unless引導(dǎo)。例引導(dǎo)。例如：如： What shall we do if it snows tomorrow? Dont leave the building unless I tell you to.(2)在條件狀語從句里，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用現(xiàn)在在條件狀語從句里，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表示將來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。例如：時(shí)態(tài)表示將來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。例如： Ill help you with your English if am free tomorrow. He wont be late unless he is ill.(3)“祈使句祈使句 + and (or)+ 陳述句陳述句” 在意思上

7、相在意思上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)帶有條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句。例當(dāng)于一個(gè)帶有條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句。例如：如： Hurry up, or youll be late.=If you dont hurry up, youll be late. Study hard and you will pass the exam.=If you study hard, you will pass the exam.3. 原因狀語從句原因狀語從句(1)原因狀語從句通常由原因狀語從句通常由because, since, as引導(dǎo)。例如：引導(dǎo)。例如： He didnt come to school because he was i

8、ll. As it is raining, we shall not go the zoo. Since you cant answer the question, Ill ask someone else.(2)because表示直接原因，語氣最強(qiáng)。表示直接原因，語氣最強(qiáng)。Because引引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句多放在主句之后。回答由導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句多放在主句之后?；卮鹩蓋hy提出的問題，只能用提出的問題，只能用because。As和和since語氣語氣較弱，一般用來表示明顯的原因。由較弱，一般用來表示明顯的原因。由as和和since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從居引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從居多放在句首多放在句首。例如：

9、。例如： -Why arent going there? -Because I dont want to. As he has no car, he cant get there easily. Since we have no money, we cant buy it.(3)because和和so不能同用在一個(gè)句子里。不能同用在一個(gè)句子里。4. 結(jié)果狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句(1)結(jié)果狀語從句由結(jié)果狀語從句由sothat, suchthat, so that引導(dǎo)。例如：引導(dǎo)。例如： He is so poor that he cant buy a bike for his son. She is

10、 such a good teacher that everybody likes her. My pencil fell under the desk, so that I couldnt see it.(2)sothat語語such.that可以互換。例如：可以互換。例如： 在由在由so.that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句中，引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句中，so是副詞，是副詞，與形容詞連用。其結(jié)構(gòu)是與形容詞連用。其結(jié)構(gòu)是: “.so + 形容詞（副詞）形容詞（副詞）+ that + 從句從句”。例如：。例如： He was so glad that he couldnt say a word. The ha

11、ll is so big that it can hold 2,000 people. Mother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her. 在由在由suchthat引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句中，引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句中，such是是形容詞，它修飾的可以是單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，形容詞，它修飾的可以是單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，也可以是不可數(shù)名詞；名詞前面可以帶形容詞，也可以是不可數(shù)名詞；名詞前面可以帶形容詞，也可不帶。如果是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，前面需加不定也可不帶。如果是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，前面需加不定冠詞冠詞a或或an。例如：。例如： It was such a hot

12、day that nobody wanted to do anything. He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling. He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term. 有時(shí)上述兩種結(jié)構(gòu)是可以互換的。例如：有時(shí)上述兩種結(jié)構(gòu)是可以互換的。例如： It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again. =The film was so wonderful

13、that all of us wanted to see it again. It is such an important match that nobody wants to miss it. =The match is so important that nobody wants to miss it.(3)如果名詞前由如果名詞前由many, much, little, few等等詞修飾時(shí)，只能用詞修飾時(shí)，只能用so, 不用不用such。例如：。例如： Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses. He

14、 has so little time that he cant go to the cinema with you.但是但是little表示表示“小小”的時(shí)候除外。例如：的時(shí)候除外。例如： They are such little children that they cant walk far. 5. 比較狀語從句比較狀語從句比較狀語從句通常由比較狀語從句通常由asas, 比較級(jí)比較級(jí) + than等連詞引導(dǎo)。例如：等連詞引導(dǎo)。例如： Tom runs faster than John does. This classroom is as big as that one.6. 目的狀語從句

15、目的狀語從句(1)目的狀語從句通常由目的狀語從句通常由 so that, in order that引導(dǎo)。例如：引導(dǎo)。例如： We started early so that we could catch the first train. He studies hard so that he could work better in the future. We used the computer in order that we might save time.(2)so that既可引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，又可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀既可引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，又可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。區(qū)別這兩種從句的辦法有兩個(gè)：語從

16、句。區(qū)別這兩種從句的辦法有兩個(gè)：1)目的狀語從句里往往帶有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞目的狀語從句里往往帶有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can, could, may, might等。等。2)從意思上看，目的狀語從句往往表示的目的很明從意思上看，目的狀語從句往往表示的目的很明確。例如：確。例如： Speak clearly so that they may understand you. (目的狀語從句目的狀語從句) Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest. (結(jié)果狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句)7. 讓步狀語從句讓步狀語從句(1)讓步狀語從句通常由讓步狀語從句通常由although, though等

17、連詞引等連詞引導(dǎo)。例如：導(dǎo)。例如： Though he is young, he knows a lot. Although I am tired, I must go on working.(2)although(though)不能用在同一個(gè)句子中。例如：不能用在同一個(gè)句子中。例如： 錯(cuò)誤：錯(cuò)誤：Though it was raining hard, but he still went out. 正確：正確：Though it was raining hard, he still went out.或或It was raining hard, but he still went out.（3

18、）even if, even though 表示表示“即使即使”，“縱使縱使”之意，含有一種假設(shè)。例如：之意，含有一種假設(shè)。例如： Well make a trip even if/though the weather is bad. 即使天氣不好，我們也要作一次旅行。即使天氣不好，我們也要作一次旅行。 Even if he is poor, she loves him. (=He may be poor, yet she loves him.)即使他很窮，但她即使他很窮，但她還是愛他。還是愛他。 Even though he is poor, she loves him. (=He is p

19、oor, yet she loves him.)盡管他很窮，但她盡管他很窮，但她還是愛她。還是愛她。（4）whether.or.表示表示“不論是否不論是否”，“不管不管是是還是還是”之意。說明正反兩方面的可能性之意。說明正反兩方面的可能性都不會(huì)影響主句的意向或結(jié)果。例如：都不會(huì)影響主句的意向或結(jié)果。例如： Youll have to attend the ceremony whether youre free or busy. 不管你忙不忙，都要參加這不管你忙不忙，都要參加這個(gè)典禮。個(gè)典禮。 Whether you believe it or not, its true.無論你無論你是否相信，

20、這都是真的。是否相信，這都是真的。（5）“no matter+疑問詞疑問詞”或或“疑問詞疑問詞-ever”的的含義為含義為“都都；不管；不管都都”它們引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句可以互換。例如：它們引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句可以互換。例如： No matter what happened, he would not mind. (=Whatever happened, he would not mind.)無無論發(fā)生了什么，他都不會(huì)介意的。論發(fā)生了什么，他都不會(huì)介意的。 No matter who you are, you must keep the law.(=Whoever you are, you mus

21、t keep the law.不管你是誰，你都要遵紀(jì)守法。不管你是誰，你都要遵紀(jì)守法。8. 地點(diǎn)狀語從句地點(diǎn)狀語從句地點(diǎn)狀語從句常常由地點(diǎn)狀語從句常常由where來引導(dǎo)。例如：來引導(dǎo)。例如： Go where you like. Where there is a will, there is a way.狀語從句與主句的時(shí)態(tài)問題1.時(shí)間狀語從句、條件狀語從句與主句的時(shí)態(tài)不一時(shí)間狀語從句、條件狀語從句與主句的時(shí)態(tài)不一致。（致。（主句主句用用將來時(shí)將來時(shí)，而時(shí)間、條件狀語，而時(shí)間、條件狀語從句從句用用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）If it _ (not rain) tomorrow ,we_ (go)

22、to climb the hill .He _ (become) a soldier when he _(grow) up .doesnt rainwill gowill becomegrows2.since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。 It is /has been+ 時(shí)間時(shí)間+ since + 一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí) It_ (be) ten years since we_ (leave) that city .is left主句時(shí)態(tài)主句時(shí)態(tài)引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞從句時(shí)態(tài)從句時(shí)態(tài)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)when一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí) 一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí) when過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般過去時(shí)一

23、般過去時(shí) while過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)while過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)3.由由when、while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句的時(shí)態(tài)：引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句的時(shí)態(tài)：Mother _ (cook) supper when I _ (get) home yesterday.Last Sunday I_ (meet) Lin Hong when I _ (walk) in the street .While Han Meimei _ (sweep) the floor , Lucy _ (carry) water.When the students _ (have) a meeting, th

24、e teacher _ (come) in .was cooking gotmetwas walkingwas sweepingwas carryingwere havingcame注意：看動(dòng)詞為短暫性動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)，動(dòng)詞注意：看動(dòng)詞為短暫性動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)，動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞則用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞則用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。4.由由when、after、before、by the time引導(dǎo)的時(shí)引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句的時(shí)態(tài)：間狀語從句的時(shí)態(tài)：主、從句的謂語動(dòng)作都已經(jīng)完成，則先發(fā)生主、從句的謂語動(dòng)作都已經(jīng)完成，則先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作用過去完成時(shí)，后發(fā)生的動(dòng)作用一般過去的動(dòng)作用過去完成時(shí)，后發(fā)生的動(dòng)作用一般過去

25、時(shí)。時(shí)。When they _ (get) to the cinema last light , the film _ (start) .I _ (go) out with my friends after I _ (finish) all the homework. gothad startedwenthad finished狀語從句和簡單句、并列句的同義轉(zhuǎn)換。狀語從句和簡單句、并列句的同義轉(zhuǎn)換。 1A：He is too young to go to school B：He is _ young _ he cant go to school2A：Tom is the tallest in

26、his class B：Tom is _ _ any other student in his class so thattallerthan3A：The box is so light that the boy can carry it B：The box is _ _ for the boy to carry4A：Put on your coat，or youll catch a cold B： _ you _ put on your coat，youll catch a cold.lightenough Ifdont實(shí)例解析 1. (2004年北京市海淀區(qū)中考試題年北京市海淀區(qū)中考試題)You will stay healthy _ you do more exercise, such as running and walking.A. if B. how C. before D. where