南澳工商總會(huì)

1、Business SA 南澳工商總會(huì)南澳工商總會(huì) Business Migrant Information Session 商業(yè)移民講座商業(yè)移民講座 Doing Business in Australia 在南澳經(jīng)商在南澳經(jīng)商Simon Venus & Andrew RobertsonTuesday 2 September 2009Introduction 前言Welcome! 歡迎！Topics主題: Some of the basics基本信息 Establishing a new business創(chuàng)辦新企業(yè)/生意 Investing in an established business投

2、資于已有企業(yè) /生意 Running a business經(jīng)營企業(yè)/生意 If disputes arise糾紛解決Some of the Basics基本信息基本信息Simon VenusSome of the Basics 基本信息Contracts合同 freedom of contract - the parties are free to strike whatever bargain they choose簽署合同的自由 各方有談條件的自由 do not need to be in writing不一定要書面合同 there is an expectation that other

3、 parties will comply with the contract各方都應(yīng)遵守合同 courts give effect to the intention of the parties法院考量各方意圖 unconscionable conduct - taking unfair advantage of another partys special disability不合理的行為 不正當(dāng)利用另一方的特別缺陷Some of the Basics 基本信息What do you need to create a contract?應(yīng)該怎樣訂立合同？ Offer 提議 acceptanc

4、e of that offer 接受提議 “consideration” 考慮 an intention to create legal relations訂立法律關(guān)系的意圖 Some of the Basics 基本信息What should a contract contain?合同該包含哪些內(nèi)容？ identify the correct parties 認(rèn)定合同方 the parties obligations - who does what?各方義務(wù) 誰該干什么？ it should be signed必須簽字 Some of the Basics 基本信息Common types

5、of contracts in business常見的商業(yè)合同類型 supply contracts 供應(yīng)合同 sale contracts 銷售合同 distribution contracts 經(jīng)銷合同 leases 租賃合同 loans 貸款合同 employment contracts 雇傭合同 insurance contracts 保險(xiǎn)合同 Some of the Basics 基本信息You should get advice before you enter into a contract to best protect your position and so that yo

6、u understand your obligations 在簽署合同之前，您最好進(jìn)行有關(guān)咨詢建議，盡可能保護(hù)您的權(quán)益，并充分理解您的義務(wù)。 Establishing a New Business in Australia在澳大利亞創(chuàng)辦新企業(yè)在澳大利亞創(chuàng)辦新企業(yè)/生意生意 Establishing a New Business創(chuàng)辦新企業(yè)/生意What type of business? 什么類型的企業(yè)/生意？ what skills do you have? 您有什么技能？ what relationships do you have? 您有什么關(guān)系？ What structure do yo

7、u use? 您采用何種企業(yè)/生意結(jié)構(gòu)？ Sole trader 獨(dú)立經(jīng)營 Company 公司 Partnership 合伙經(jīng)營 Trust 信托經(jīng)營Establishing a New Business創(chuàng)辦新企業(yè)/生意Sole trader 獨(dú)立經(jīng)營者 carry on a business on your own自主經(jīng)營企業(yè)/生意 personally liable for all obligations incurred in the course of the business個(gè)人承擔(dān)經(jīng)營過程中產(chǎn)生的義務(wù) minimal cost to establish創(chuàng)辦成本最低 Establi

8、shing a New Business創(chuàng)辦新企業(yè)/生意Company公司 has its own legal identity can own property in its own name有獨(dú)立的法律身份 以自己的名義擁有財(cái)產(chǎn) can exist for an unlimited period of time 可以存續(xù)無限長的時(shí)間 has members (shareholders) who own the company 股東擁有公司 liability of members is limited 股東的責(zé)任有限 has directors which govern and admin

9、ister the company 董事管理公司 common and well understood legal structure 法律結(jié)構(gòu)大家都很熟悉 relatively easy to establish 相對(duì)容易創(chuàng)辦 low to moderate costs to establish and administer創(chuàng)辦和經(jīng)營成本較低或中等 ongoing reporting obligations要履行定期報(bào)告義務(wù)Establishing a New Business創(chuàng)辦新企業(yè)/生意Partnership 合伙經(jīng)營 not a separate legal identity own

10、s property in the names of the partners不是獨(dú)立的法律身份 以合伙人的名義擁有財(cái)產(chǎn) does not have separate members, partners each own the property/business of the partnership沒有董事，每個(gè)合伙人分別擁有企業(yè)的財(cái)產(chǎn)和業(yè)務(wù) liability of partners is usually unlimited partners can be individually liable for the debts of the whole partnership合伙人的責(zé)任通常是

11、無限的 各合伙人可能承擔(dān)整個(gè)合伙企業(yè)的債務(wù) relatively easy to establish you should use a written agreement and seek professional advice比較容易創(chuàng)辦 您應(yīng)簽署書面協(xié)議，并咨詢業(yè)顧問。 low to moderate costs to establish and administer創(chuàng)辦和經(jīng)營成本較低或中等 lower ongoing reporting obligations 定期報(bào)告的要求較低 Establishing a New Business創(chuàng)辦新企業(yè)/生意Trust信托經(jīng)營 an arrang

12、ement whereby property is held by a person (the trustee) for the benefit of others (the beneficiaries)由一人（受托人）替其他人（受益人）管理財(cái)產(chǎn) a trustee can carry on a business for the beneficiaries受托人可以代表受益人經(jīng)營企業(yè) the terms of how the trustee holds the property should be set out in writing in a trust deed受托人管理財(cái)產(chǎn)的條款和條件應(yīng)

13、在書面信托經(jīng)營協(xié)議中明確規(guī)定。Establishing a New Business創(chuàng)辦新企業(yè)/生意You will need to think about establishment costs:您應(yīng)考慮以下創(chuàng)辦成本： premises - rent and fit out 場(chǎng)所 租金和裝修 services - power, water, phone, fax 服務(wù) 水、電、電話、傳真 equipment and furniture computers and systems設(shè)備和家具 電腦和各種系統(tǒng) stock and raw materials 庫存和原材料 advertising a

14、nd promotion 廣告宣傳 You will need to think about contracts:您應(yīng)考慮以下合同： Lease 租賃合同 employment contracts 雇傭合同 Establishing a New Business創(chuàng)辦新企業(yè)/生意Foreign Investment Review Board外商投資審核委員會(huì) foreign nationals who acquire property in Australia may need to obtain the approval of the Foreign Investment Review Boa

15、rd外國國民在澳大利亞購置財(cái)產(chǎn)必須獲得外商投資審核委員會(huì)的審批。 you should seek advice before you purchase or establish a business or any property to find out if approval is required在購置或創(chuàng)辦企業(yè)或任何財(cái)產(chǎn)之前，你應(yīng)咨詢是否需要審批。 if approval is required, the contract to acquire the property should be conditional on obtaining approval如果需要審批，購置財(cái)產(chǎn)的合同應(yīng)以

16、獲得審批為準(zhǔn)。Investing in an Established Business in Australia投資于現(xiàn)有企業(yè)投資于現(xiàn)有企業(yè)/生意生意 Investing in an Established Business投資于現(xiàn)有企業(yè)/生意You will need to understand what you are spending your money on您應(yīng)充分了解投資對(duì)象 What are you buying?您要購買什么？ Shares 股票 Assets 資產(chǎn) Franchise 特許權(quán) Investing in an Established Business投資于現(xiàn)有企

17、業(yè)/生意Due Diligence process 盡職調(diào)查程序 structure and ownership of the existing business已有企業(yè)的結(jié)構(gòu)和所有權(quán)情況 assets and liabilities 資產(chǎn)和負(fù)債 intellectual property rights 知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán) financial liabilities and commitments 財(cái)務(wù)負(fù)債和承諾 material contracts 材料合同 employees 員工 disputes, claims or litigation 糾紛、索賠或訴訟 insurance 保險(xiǎn) financ

18、ial position 財(cái)務(wù)狀況Investing in an Established Business投資于現(xiàn)有企業(yè)/生意What will it cost? 需要付出什么代價(jià)？ will there be extra costs, such as stamp duty?有沒有額外成本，例如印花稅等？ get professional advice on tax implications向?qū)I(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)咨詢稅收問題 Purchase agreement 購買協(xié)議 what obligations does the seller have?出售方有什么義務(wù)？ you should get advi

19、ce on drafting and negotiating the purchase agreement起草和談判購買協(xié)議時(shí)應(yīng)向?qū)＜易稍僐unning a Business in Australia在澳大利亞經(jīng)營企業(yè)在澳大利亞經(jīng)營企業(yè)/生意生意 Running a Business 經(jīng)營企業(yè)/生意Contracts 合同 Employment 雇傭合同 Supply 供應(yīng)合同 Sale 銷售合同 Leases 租賃合同Employing people 雇傭員工 employees have minimum entitlements 員工的福利待遇 minimum levels of pay,

20、 hours of work and leave員工的最低工資、上下班時(shí)間及休假 laws protect workers from being unfairly treated法律保護(hù)員工不受不公正待遇 providing a safe work place - occupational health and safety requirements提供安全的工作場(chǎng)所 職業(yè)健康和安全要求Running a Business 經(jīng)營企業(yè)/生意Obtaining finance 融資 Debt 債務(wù) Equity 資產(chǎn)價(jià)值Insurance 保險(xiǎn) public liability 公眾責(zé)任 prod

21、uct liability 產(chǎn)品責(zé)任 property damage 財(cái)產(chǎn)損失There are laws which regulate the way you run your business企業(yè)經(jīng)營受到法律的規(guī)范 trade practices 貿(mào)易慣例 fair trading 公平貿(mào)易 Running a Business 經(jīng)營企業(yè)/生意Intellectual property 知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán) Intellectual property can be a valuable asset of a business知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)是企業(yè)/生意的重要資產(chǎn)。 intellectual property

22、is commonly associated with the branding of businesses and its products and/or services知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)通常與企業(yè)品牌和產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)相關(guān)聯(lián) trade marks商標(biāo) patents專利 copyright版權(quán) some intellectual property can be registered有些知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)可以注冊(cè) Running a Business 經(jīng)營企業(yè)/生意Taxation 稅收 Federal Government: 聯(lián)邦政府 income tax 所得稅 capital gains tax 資本增值稅

23、 fringe benefits tax 員工福利稅 customs and excise duties 關(guān)稅 Goods and Services Tax (GST) 商品服務(wù)稅 (GST) State Government: 州政府 Stamp Duty 印花稅 Payroll Tax 工資稅 Land Tax 土地稅Running a Business 經(jīng)營企業(yè)/生意Registrations and licences 注冊(cè)和執(zhí)照 Tax 稅收 Australian Business Number 澳大利亞商業(yè)號(hào)碼（ABN） Goods & Services Tax 商品服務(wù)稅 Tax

24、File Number 稅號(hào) Work cover 勞動(dòng)保險(xiǎn) Environmental 環(huán)境問題 Import or export 進(jìn)出口Keep records 保存記錄Running a Business 經(jīng)營企業(yè)/生意Further information?更多信息 professional advisers - lawyers and accountants專業(yè)顧問 律師和會(huì)計(jì)師 industry organisations - Business SA行業(yè)組織 南澳工商總會(huì) web sites www.business-網(wǎng)址 .au Running a

25、 Business 經(jīng)營企業(yè)/生意What services can your lawyer provide?您的律師能提供什么服務(wù)？ draft and negotiate contracts起草和談判合同 represent you in court代表您出庭 represent you in your dealings with Government and other authorities代表您與政府和其它機(jī)構(gòu)打交道 help you to manage your business risks幫助您管理經(jīng)營風(fēng)險(xiǎn) Questions?問題？If Disputes Arise如果出現(xiàn)糾紛

26、如果出現(xiàn)糾紛 Andrew Robertson羅安德Disputes 糾紛Disputes between parties in business occur in Australia企業(yè)/生意合作方在澳大利亞發(fā)生糾紛 Often will not need to go to Court往往不用上法院 negotiation common通常通過談判 sometimes mediation or arbitration有時(shí)通過調(diào)解或仲裁 Court process can be slow (3+ years) and expensive法院審理程序很慢（需要3年以上），而且代價(jià)高昂 Quick

27、er usually for straight debt claims直接債務(wù)清算通常比較快 Your rights 您的權(quán)利You have a right:您有權(quán)： to use a lawyer聘用律師 to know what is being said against you了解對(duì)方訴求 to be able to respond應(yīng)訴Courts are open to the public法院向公眾開放 Commencing in Court is relatively easily but does not mean that person is right向法院提起訴訟不難 但

28、并不意味起訴人是對(duì)的一方Debts small claims 債務(wù) 小額債務(wù) Some claims (under $6,000) will not involve lawyers有些債務(wù)（6000澳元以下）不需要律師 Commences with a notice事先通知 Important if you receive the notice you act收到通知后您必須有所回應(yīng)If do nothing Court may enter judgment如果您不應(yīng)對(duì)，法院可能自行裁決 If the debt is disputed goes to a trial without lawye

29、rs Magistrate will ask question如果債務(wù)有糾紛，不用律師提起訴訟，法官會(huì)問問題Debts small claims 債務(wù) 小額債務(wù) Who wins will depend on the evidence憑證據(jù)取勝 Need to be able to explain your position and evidence to prove it:必須能夠解釋您的立場(chǎng)，提供必要的證據(jù)： Witnesses證人 documents that support you證明文件材料 Can be assisted by an interpreter可以尋求口譯幫助 Debt

30、s larger debts 債務(wù) 大額債務(wù) Larger claims also resolved by Court數(shù)額較大的債務(wù)由法院裁決 The size of the claim will determine the Court債務(wù)數(shù)額決定法院的選擇 The more money involved the more formal the process數(shù)額越大程序越正式 Smaller amounts do not need lawyer數(shù)額較小的不需要律師 Larger amounts may chose not to have lawyer but may be very diff

31、icult數(shù)額較大的可以不用律師，但這樣難堵較大Debts larger debts 債務(wù) 大額債務(wù)Basic process the same基本程序是一樣的 Stages:階段： A demand要求 A claim is issued正式提出還債要求 Parties put in writing their position各方書面表達(dá)立場(chǎng) Some evidence (documents and sometimes witness statements) are exchanged交換證據(jù)（文書和證人陳述） Debts larger debts 債務(wù) 大額債務(wù) A trial take

32、s places聽證 Judge determines who wins/who loses法官?zèng)Q定誰輸誰贏 Judge determines if any “costs” are to be paid法官?zèng)Q定是否要支付費(fèi)用 Can be an appeal可以上訴 If judgment debt not paid如果判決后不償還債務(wù) can be brought before Court to explain why not可以向法院解釋為什么不償還 may be made bankrupt可以被迫破產(chǎn) Debts Statutory notices 債務(wù) 法定通知 Certain not

33、ices are demands without Court proceedings有些通知是不經(jīng)法院程序的要求 May be sent to companies only只送給公司If not dealt with the company may be wound up without a judgment debt如果不應(yīng)對(duì)，公司可能不用判決就得關(guān)閉 Strict 21 day time line to either:必須嚴(yán)格遵守21日期限： Pay支付 do a deal達(dá)成交易 seek a Court order that there is a genuine dispute如有真正

34、糾紛則尋求法院裁決 External administration 外部接管 If people cannot pay their debts they may be made bankrupt如果個(gè)人不能償還債務(wù)可能被迫破產(chǎn) lose control of their assets/income失去資產(chǎn)/收入控制權(quán) If companies cannot pay their debts they may be put under external administration如果公司不能償還債務(wù)可能被委托管理 directors lose control董事失去控制權(quán) company may ultimately be wound up公司可能最終關(guān)閉 Administration, Liquidation and Recei