知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納講解(外研版必修3)

1、module 4知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納講解（外研版 必修3）Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia輔導(dǎo)一單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納講解：必修3模塊4要點(diǎn)導(dǎo)讀重點(diǎn)單詞聚焦prevent, continue, mass, survive 重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)透視be caught in, take in, give out, cut down, dig up熱點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)擊動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài), but + 不定式重點(diǎn)單詞聚焦【詞條1】prevent 【課文原句】To prevent it coming nearer, the government is planting trees. (Page 32)【點(diǎn)撥】pre

2、vent (from) doing 此處意為“阻止做”，from可以省略。整句話意為“為了阻止沙漠的逼近，政府已經(jīng)開始植樹”。如： Nobody can prevent us marching forward.【拓展】類似的還有stop / keep (from) doing 。在keep from doing 中， from不能省去。因?yàn)閗eep doing 意為“讓一直做”。如：The loud noise outside kept / prevented / stopped me from sleeping.The teacher kept me writing these words

3、one hundred times.【詞條2】concerned【課文原句】I cant help but feel very concerned. （Page 36）【點(diǎn)撥】concerned此處意為“關(guān)心的，擔(dān)心的”。后面跟about / for或者that從句。如：Im concerned that they may have got lost.She is much concerned about / for her daughters studies. 【拓展】 concern當(dāng)名詞講時(shí)，意為“擔(dān)心，憂慮”。搭配為 concern for / about / over sb / st

4、h或者that從句。如：She showed great concern about you. There is growing concern that they may have been killed.【詞條3】mass【課文原句】Scientists have tried many ways to solve this problem and in China, a mass campaign has been started to help solve it. (Page 32)【點(diǎn)撥】mass 在此意為“大規(guī)模的”。另外，mass 還有“大量、大批”的意思，可構(gòu)成a mass of

5、 或masses of，既可修飾可數(shù)名詞，又可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。整句意為“在中國(guó)，科學(xué)家們嘗試用多種方法去解決這一問題，一場(chǎng)大規(guī)模治理沙塵暴的活動(dòng)已經(jīng)開始來幫助解決這一問題”。如：Before the rain, the sky had a mass of clouds. Masses of snow and rock broke away and fell on the climbers.【詞條4】survive 【課文原句】You just had to hope youd survive. (Page 32)survive 此處意為“幸存，生還”，為不及物動(dòng)詞, 后可跟介詞from或者on

6、。整句意為“你只能希望自己能夠幸免”。如：Of all the people in the plane that crashed, only six survived.Many old rules have survived from times.【拓展】 survive當(dāng)及物動(dòng)詞講時(shí)，意為“經(jīng)歷（某事）而幸存”。如： Few buildings survived the sudden big earthquake. This plant may not survive the frost.【詞條5】complain【課文原句】He does nothing but complain. (Pa

7、ge 36)【點(diǎn)撥】complain 在該句中意為“抱怨，發(fā)牢騷”，整句意思是“他什么都不做，只是抱怨”?！就卣埂?. complain （to sb）about /at sth 意為“對(duì)抱怨，對(duì)發(fā)牢騷”。如：She complained to me about his rudeness.2. complain of sth 意為“訴說有病痛”。如： The patient is complaining of a serious heartache.重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)透視【詞條1】be caught in【課文原句】“To have been caught in a sandstorm was a te

8、rrible experience,” (Page 32)【點(diǎn)撥】be caught in 此處意為“遭遇上”。如：I was caught in the downpour on the way home from school.【拓展】catch 構(gòu)成的常見短語(yǔ)：1. catch sb doing 偶然發(fā)覺某人做某事。如：The teacher caught him sleeping in class. 2. catch up with 趕上。如：Youll have to work harder to catch up with the top students. 【詞條2】 take i

9、n, give out 【課文原句】Trees take in carbon dioxide and give out oxygen. (Page 35)【點(diǎn)撥1】take in 此處意為“吸收，吸入（空氣、水等）”。如：Take in a deep breath. 深深吸入一口氣?！就卣埂縯ake in的常見意思還有：1. take in 把拿進(jìn)。 如： Please take your washing in if it rains. 2. take in 收容（留）某人住宿。如：The teacher took in several students. 【點(diǎn)撥2】give out 此處意為

10、“放出，散發(fā)出”, 多指氣味，熱量等的釋放。如：The rotating machine gave out a lot of heat.【拓展】 give out的常見意思還有：1. 發(fā)（書、報(bào)）等。如：The teacher gave out the exam papers.2. 用完，耗盡。如： After five months, their food supply finally gave out. 【詞條3】cut down, dig up【課文原句】 This is a process that happens when land becomes desert because of

11、 climate changes and because people cut down trees and dig up trees. (Page 32)【點(diǎn)撥1】cut down此處意為“砍倒”。如：They cut down many old trees and planted some young trees.【拓展】 cut down還有“消減；刪減”的意思。如：Your article is too long, so please cut it down to 500 words.【點(diǎn)撥2】dig up此處意為“從地里挖出（某物）”。如：We dug up the tree by

12、its roots.【拓展】 dig up 還有“掘到，掘出”的意思。 如：An old vase was dug up here last month. 熱點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)擊 動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)變化表主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般式to studyto be studied進(jìn)行式to be studying完成式to have studiedto have been studied動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)：判斷不定式用哪種時(shí)態(tài)，就看不定式的動(dòng)作和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后關(guān)系。1. 一般式：一般式表示的動(dòng)詞，有時(shí)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，有時(shí)發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之后。如：It takes on

13、ly a few hours to go to Beijing from Singapore by plane.（同時(shí)）I hope to see you again. = I hope that Ill see you again.（后來）2. 進(jìn)行式： 表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。如：He seems to be eating something.When the boss came in, the worker pretended to be working very hard.3. 完成式：表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前。Im sorry to have t

14、roubled you so much.(= Im sorry that I have troubled you so much.) He pretended not to have seen me before.(= He pretended that he had not seen me before) 注意： 在表示“希望、需要”等含義的動(dòng)詞, 如： wish, hope, expect, intend, mean, plan等的過去式之后跟不定式的完成時(shí)，表明不定式的行為并沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)。如： We planed to have started the work at the beginni

15、ng of the month. 我們?cè)?jì)劃在本月初開始工作。（但事實(shí)沒有開始） He wished to have finished his homework last night.他原想在昨晚做完作業(yè)。（但結(jié)果沒做完） but + 不定式【例句1】And yet we do nothing but talk about it.but后面跟不定式，要不要帶不定式符號(hào)“to” , 取決于它前面有沒有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞“do”(does, did)。 如果有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞“do”的某種形式，but后要用不帶“to”的不定式，否則要用帶“to”的不定式。如：She wanted nothing but to cry. (but相當(dāng)于except, 表示除了以外)There was nothing to do but send for a doctor. 【例句2】I cant help but feel very concerned. cant help but do = can