高分子材料常用專業(yè)術(shù)語中英對照表

1、加工processing 反應(yīng)性加工reactive processing等離子體加工 plasma processing 加工性processability熔體流動指數(shù) melt flow index 門尼粘度Mooney index塑化plasticizing 增塑作用plasticization內(nèi)增塑作用internal plasticization 外增塑作用external plasticization 增塑溶膠plastisol 增強(qiáng)reinforcing增容作用compatibilization 相容性compatibility相溶性intermiscibility 生物相容性b

2、iocompatibility血液相容性blood compatibility 組織相容性tissue compatibility 混煉milling, mixing 素?zé)抦astication塑煉plastication 過煉dead milled橡膠配合rubber compounding 共混blend捏和kneading 冷軋cold rolling壓延性calenderability 壓延calendaring埋置embedding 壓片performing模塑molding 模壓成型compression molding 壓縮成型compression forming 沖壓模塑im

3、pact moulding, shock moulding疊模壓塑stack moulding 復(fù)合成型composite molding注射成型injection molding 注塑壓縮成型 injection compression molding 射流注塑jet molding 無流道冷料注塑 runnerless injection molding 共注塑coinjection molding 氣輔注塑gas aided injection molding 注塑焊接injection welding 傳遞成型transfer molding樹脂傳遞成型 resin transfer

4、molding 鑄塑cast熔鑄 fusion casting 鑄塑成型 cast molding 單體澆鑄 monomer casting擠出 extrusion共擠出 coextrusion多層擠塑 multi-layer extrusion共擠吹塑 coextrusion blow molding 同軸擠塑 coaxial extrusion吹脹擠塑 blown extrusion 擠出吹塑 extrusion blow molding 擠拉吹塑成型 extrusion draw blow molding 反應(yīng)性擠塑 reactive extrusion 固相擠出 solid-phase

5、 extrusion發(fā)泡 expanding foam后發(fā)泡 post expansion物理發(fā)泡 physical foam化學(xué)發(fā)泡 chemical foam吹塑 blow molding多層吹塑 multi-layer blow molding拉伸吹塑成型 stretch blow molding滾塑 rotational moulding反應(yīng)注射成型 reaction injection molding, RIM真空成型 vacuum forming無壓成型 zero ressure molding真空燒結(jié) vacuum sintering真空袋成型 vacuum bag moldin

6、g熱成型 thermal forming拉伸熱成型 stretch thermoforming袋模塑 bag molding糊塑 paste molding鑲鑄 imbedding沖壓成型 impact molding觸壓成型 impression molding層壓材料 laminate泡沫塑料成型 foam molding包模成型 drape molding充氣吹脹 inflation橡膠膠乳 rubber latex膠乳 latex高分子膠體 polymer colloid生橡膠 raw rubber，crude rubber硬質(zhì)膠 ebonite再生膠 reclaimed rubber

7、充油橡膠 oil-extended rubber母膠 masterbatch交聯(lián) crosslinking固化 cure光固化 photo-cure硫化 vulcanization后硫化 post cure，post vulcanization自硫化 bin cure自交聯(lián) self crosslinking , self curing過硫 over cure返硫 reversion欠硫 under cure動態(tài)硫化 dynamic vulcanization不均勻硫化 heterogeneous vulcanization開始硫化效應(yīng) set-up effect自動硫化 self-curin

8、g, self-vulcanizing焦燒 scorching無壓硫化 non-pressure cure模壓硫化 moulding curing常溫硫化 auto-vulcanization熱硫化 heat curing蒸汽硫化 steam curing微波硫化 micro wave curing輻射硫化 radiation vulcanization輻射交聯(lián) radiation crosslinking連續(xù)硫化 continuous vulcanization無模硫化 open vulcanization成纖 fiber forming可紡性 spinnability紡絲 spinning

9、干紡 dry spinning濕紡 wet spinning干濕法紡絲 dry wet spinning 干噴濕法紡絲 dry jet wet spinning 溶液紡絲 solution spinning乳液紡絲 emulsion spinning乳液閃蒸紡絲法 emulsion flash spinning process 噴射紡絲 jet spinning 噴紡成形 spray spinning 液晶紡絲 liquid crystal spinning 熔紡 melt spinning共混紡絲 blended spinning 凝膠紡絲 gel spinning反應(yīng)紡絲 reaction

10、 spinning靜電紡絲 electrostatic spinning 高壓紡絲 high-pressure spinning復(fù)合紡絲 conjugate spinning無紡布 non-woven fabrics單絲 monofilament, monofil復(fù)絲 multifilament全取向絲 fully oriented yarn 中空纖維 hollow fiber皮芯纖維 sheath core fiber 共紡 cospinning冷拉伸 cold drawing, cold stretching單軸拉伸 uniaxial drawing，uniaxial elongation

11、雙軸拉伸 biaxial drawing多軸拉伸 multiaxial drawing皮心效應(yīng) skin and core effect皮層效應(yīng) skin effect防縮 non-shrink熟成 ripening垂掛 sag 定型 sizing起球現(xiàn)象 pilling effect捻度 twist旦 denier特 tex紗 yarn股 strand粘合 adhesion反應(yīng)粘合 reaction bonding壓敏粘合 pressure sensitive adhesion底漆 primer浸漬 impregnation浸漬樹脂 solvent impregnated resin基體 m

12、atrix聚合物表面活性劑 polymeric surfactant高分子絮凝劑 polymeric flocculant預(yù)發(fā)顆粒 pre-expanded bead高分子膜 polymeric membraneH-膜 H-filmLB膜 Langmuir Blodgett film (LB film) 半透膜 semipermeable membrane 反滲透膜 Reverse osmosis membrance多孔膜 porous membrane各向異性膜 anisotropic membrane 正離子交換膜 cation exchange membrane 負(fù)離子交換膜 anion

13、ic exchange membrane 吸附樹脂 polymeric adsorbent添加劑 additive 固化劑 curing agent潛固化劑 latent curing agent硫化劑 vulcanizing agent給硫劑 sulfur donor agent, sulfur donor硫化促進(jìn)劑 vulcanization accelerator硫化活化劑 vulcanization activator活化促進(jìn)劑 activating accelerator 活化劑 activator 防焦劑 scorch retarder抗硫化返原劑 anti-reversion a

14、gent塑解劑 peptizer偶聯(lián)劑 coupling agent硅烷偶聯(lián)劑 silane coupling agent鈦酸酯偶聯(lián)劑 titanate coupling agent鋁酸酯偶聯(lián)劑 aluminate coupling agent增強(qiáng)劑 reinforcing agent增硬劑 hardening agent惰性填料 inert filler增塑劑 plasticizer輔增塑劑 coplasticizer增粘劑 tackifier增容劑 compatibilizer增塑增容劑 plasticizer extender 分散劑 dispersant agent結(jié)構(gòu)控制劑 cons

15、titution controller色料 colorant熒光增白劑 optical bleaching agent抗降解劑 antidegradant防老劑 anti-aging agent防臭氧劑 antiozonant抗龜裂劑 anticracking agent 抗疲勞劑 anti-fatigue agent抗微生物劑 biocide防蝕劑 anti-corrosion agent光致抗蝕劑 photoresist防霉劑 antiseptic 防腐劑 rot resistor防潮劑 moisture proof agent除臭劑 re-odorant抗氧劑 antioxidant熱穩(wěn)

16、定劑 heat stabilizer抗靜電添加劑 antistatic additive 抗靜電劑 antistatic agent 紫外線穩(wěn)定劑 ultraviolet stabilizer紫外光吸收劑 ultraviolet absorber光穩(wěn)定劑 light stabilizer, photostabilizer光屏蔽劑 light screener發(fā)泡劑 foaming agent物理發(fā)泡劑 physical foaming agent化學(xué)發(fā)泡劑 chemical foaming agent脫模劑 releasing agent內(nèi)脫模劑 internal releasing agen

17、t外脫模劑 external releasing agent阻燃劑 flame retardant 防火劑 fire retardant燒蝕劑 ablator潤滑劑 lubricant 濕潤劑 wetting agent隔離劑 separant增韌劑 toughening agent抗沖改性劑 impact modifier消泡劑 antifoaming agent減阻劑 drag reducer破乳劑 demulsifier 粘度改進(jìn)劑 viscosity modifier增稠劑 thickening agent, thickener阻黏劑 abhesive洗脫劑 eluant 附聚劑 ag

18、glomerating agent 后處理劑 after-treating agent催干劑 drier防結(jié)皮劑 anti-skinning agent紡織品整理劑 textile finishing agent aggregation聚集體 aggregate凝聚、聚集 coalescence鏈纏結(jié) chain entanglement凝聚纏結(jié) cohesional entanglement物理纏結(jié) physical entanglement凝聚態(tài) condensed state凝聚過程 condensing process臨界聚集濃度 critical aggregation concen

19、tration線團(tuán)-球粒轉(zhuǎn)換 coil-globule transition受限鏈 confined chain受限態(tài) confined state物理交聯(lián) physical crosslinking交聯(lián)度 degree of crosslinking 網(wǎng)絡(luò) network溶膠-凝膠轉(zhuǎn)化 sol-gel transformation摩爾質(zhì)量平均 molar mass average數(shù)均分子量 number-average molecular weight, number-average molar mass 重均分子量 weight-average molecular weight, weig

20、ht-average molar mass Z均分子量 Z(Zaverage)-average molecular weight, Z-molar mass 黏均分子量 viscosity-average molecular weight，viscosity-average molar mass 聚合度 degree of polymerization 分子量分布 molecular weight distribution，MWD多分散性指數(shù) polydispersity index，PID結(jié)晶聚合物 crystalline polymer 半結(jié)晶聚合物 semi-crystalline po

21、lymer 聚合物形態(tài)學(xué) morphology of polymer 成核作用 nucleation 分子成核作用 molecular nucleation 阿夫拉米方程 Avrami equation織構(gòu) texture液晶態(tài) liquid crystal state相分離 phase separation微相 microphase界面相 boundary phase相容性 compatibility混容性 miscibility增容作用 compatiibilization最低臨界共溶(溶解)溫度 lower critical solution temperature, LCST 最高臨界

22、共溶(溶解)溫度 upper critical solution temperature , UCST橡膠態(tài) rubber state玻璃態(tài) glassy state高彈態(tài) elastomeric state黏流態(tài) viscous flow state伸長 elongation高彈形變 high elastic deformation回縮性，彈性復(fù)原 nerviness拉伸比 draw ratio, extension ratio 泊松比 Poisson's ratio 楊氏模量 Young's modulus 本體模量 bulk modulus 剪切模量 shear modu

23、lus 法向應(yīng)力 normal stress 剪切應(yīng)力 shear stress剪切應(yīng)變 shear strain 屈服 yielding 頸縮現(xiàn)象 necking 屈服應(yīng)力 yield stress 屈服應(yīng)變 yield strain 脆性斷裂 brittle fracture 脆性開裂 brittle cracking脆-韌轉(zhuǎn)變 brittle ductile transition脆化溫度 brittleness(brittle) temperature 沖擊強(qiáng)度 impact strength 拉伸強(qiáng)度 tensile strength抗撕強(qiáng)度 tearing strength 彎曲強(qiáng)度

24、 flexural strength, bending strength 彎曲模量 bending modulus剪切強(qiáng)度 shear strength 剝離強(qiáng)度 peeling strength 疲勞強(qiáng)度 fatigue strength, fatigue resistance 撓曲 deflection壓縮強(qiáng)度 compressive strength洛氏硬度 Rockwell hardness 布氏硬度 Brinell hardness 抗刮性 scrath resistance 斷裂力學(xué) fracture mechanics 力學(xué)破壞 mechanical failure 應(yīng)力強(qiáng)度因子

25、 stress intensity factor 斷裂伸長 elongation at break屈服強(qiáng)度 yield strength斷裂韌性 fracture toughness 彈性形變 elastic deformation彈性滯后 elastic hysteresis彈性 elasticity彈性模量 modulus of elasticity彈性回復(fù) elastic recovery不可回復(fù)形變 irrecoverable deformation裂縫 crack 銀紋 craze 形變；變形 deformation永久變形 deformation set剩余變形 residual

26、deformation剩余伸長 residual stretch回彈，回彈性 resilience延遲形變 retarded deformation延遲彈性 retarded elasticity可逆形變 reversible deformation應(yīng)力開裂 stress cracking應(yīng)力-應(yīng)變曲線 stress strain curve拉伸應(yīng)變 stretching strain拉伸應(yīng)力弛豫 tensile stress relaxation熱歷史 thermal history熱收縮 thermoshrinking扭辮分析 torsional braid analysis，TBA應(yīng)力致

27、白 stress whitening 應(yīng)變能 strain energy 應(yīng)變張量 strain tensor 剩余應(yīng)力 residual stress 應(yīng)變硬化 strain hardening 應(yīng)變軟化 strain softening 電流變液 electrorheological fluid假塑性 pseudoplastic 拉脹性 auxiticity牛頓流體 Newtonian fluid 非牛頓流體 non-Newtonian fluid 賓漢姆流體 Bingham fluid冷流 cold flow牛頓剪切黏度 Newtonian shear viscosity 剪切黏度 sh

28、ear viscosity 表觀剪切黏度 apparent shear viscosity 剪切變稀 shear thinning觸變性 thixotropy塑性形變 plastic deformation 塑性流動 plastic flow體積弛豫 volume relaxation拉伸黏度 extensional viscosity 黏彈性 viscoelasticity 線性黏彈性 linear viscoelasticity 非線性黏彈性 non-linear viscoelasticity 蠕變 creep弛豫作用 relaxation 弛豫模量 relaxation modulus 蠕變?nèi)崃?creep compliance 熱畸變溫度 heat distortion temperature弛豫譜 relaxation spectrum 推遲時間譜 retardation time spectrum 弛豫時間 relaxation time 推遲時間 retardation time 動態(tài)力學(xué)行為 dynamic mechanical behavior 動態(tài)黏彈性 dynami