高中英語(yǔ)虛擬語(yǔ)氣精講

1、高中英語(yǔ)虛擬語(yǔ)氣講解1、 熱點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)回顧（一）1.語(yǔ)氣概述語(yǔ)氣是動(dòng)詞的又一種形式，通過說話人所說的話體現(xiàn)出說話人對(duì)某一個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)所持的態(tài)度和看法。英語(yǔ)中有三種語(yǔ)氣：        .陳述語(yǔ)氣用來(lái)陳述事實(shí)，廣泛用于陳述句和疑問句中?，F(xiàn)行中學(xué)英語(yǔ)教材中，絕大部分句子均屬陳述句語(yǔ)氣，句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有各種時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)變化。        .祈使語(yǔ)氣用來(lái)提出請(qǐng)求、要求、發(fā)出命令等，只用于祈使句。      &#

2、160; .虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于表達(dá)一種假設(shè)情況、主觀愿望、請(qǐng)求建議等，即所說內(nèi)容與事實(shí)相反，或者實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性極小，或者是假想慮擬的情況。（練習(xí)）判斷下列各句屬于哪種語(yǔ)氣。         On the way up, I am busy taking pictures.         Nike, fetch me some newspapers.         

3、;What if I were you?         Dont forget to turn off the light.         He always takes his wife seriously.         I wish I would fly to the moon. 2.條件句中條件句指主從復(fù)合句中的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，分為真實(shí)條件句和

4、非真實(shí)條件句兩種。真實(shí)條件句表示所敘述的內(nèi)容是事實(shí)，或者完全可能成為現(xiàn)實(shí)，句子中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用陳述語(yǔ)氣；非真實(shí)條件句表示所敘述的內(nèi)容與事實(shí)相反或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性極小，句子中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。        （練習(xí)）判斷下列各句屬于哪種條件句。         If he doesnt hurry, he miss the bus.         If I were y

5、ou, I would accept his offer.         If I have time, I will come.         If you hadnt come to his school, I wouldnt have known you.真實(shí)條件句真實(shí)條件句用于陳述語(yǔ)氣，假設(shè)的情況可能發(fā)生，其中 if 是如果的意思。時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)系句型： 條件從句 主句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) shall/will + 動(dòng)詞原形If he com

6、es, he will bring his violin.典型例題The volleyball match will be put off if it _.A.will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained注意：1) 在真實(shí)條件句中，主句不能用be going to表示將來(lái)，該用shall, will.(錯(cuò)) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.(對(duì)) If you leave now, you will never regret it.2) 表示真理時(shí)，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞便不用shall (wil

7、l) +動(dòng)詞原形，而直接用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的動(dòng)詞形式。(二）非真實(shí)條件句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的幾種情況a.同現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)條件從句用過去時(shí)態(tài)，如果是be動(dòng)詞時(shí)一律用were 主句用should( would) +動(dòng)詞原形If he were free, he would help us. 要是他有空的話，它會(huì)幫助我們的。If he studied at this school, he would know you well. 如果他在這所學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)的話，它會(huì)對(duì)你很熟悉。注意：當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞若是系動(dòng)詞be時(shí)，只能用were。如：If I were you, I would try my

8、 best to grasp the chance. 要是我是你的話，我要盡力抓住這次機(jī)會(huì)。b.表示于過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè) 條件從句用過去完成時(shí)（had done），主句用should(would) have+ doneIf I had seen the film, I would have told you about it.我如果看過這場(chǎng)電影，我會(huì)把電影內(nèi)容告訴你了。If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li. 如果我早點(diǎn)到那兒，我就會(huì)會(huì)到了李先生。c.表示對(duì)將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假想 條件從句用一般過去時(shí)，should+ 動(dòng)詞原形或wer

9、e to do 主句用would/should+ 動(dòng)詞原形If he should go to Qing Hua University, he would make full use of his time. 如果他要上清華大學(xué)的話，他就會(huì)充分利用他的時(shí)間了。If he were to come here, he would tell us about it. 如果他要來(lái)的話，他會(huì)通知我們一聲。時(shí)間 從句謂語(yǔ)形式 主句謂語(yǔ)形式 將來(lái)動(dòng)詞過去式(be用were)should + 動(dòng)詞原形were to + 動(dòng)詞原形 would / should / might / could

10、 + 動(dòng)詞原形現(xiàn)在動(dòng)詞過去式(be 用 were)would / should / might / could + 動(dòng)詞原形過去had +動(dòng)詞過去分詞would / should / might / could have + 動(dòng)詞過去分詞典型例題 What would have happened if you _ her child?A. hadnt helped B. couldnt help C. wouldnt help D. didnt helpd.混合條件句主句與從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在不同的時(shí)間，這時(shí)主從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式因時(shí)間不同而不同，這叫做混合條件句。If you had as

11、ked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.(從句與過去事實(shí)相反，主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。)If it had rained last night (過去), it would be very cold today (現(xiàn)在).If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)刻苦的話，我現(xiàn)在也會(huì)使工程師了If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他認(rèn)識(shí)她的話，他肯定會(huì)去問候她了。典型例題 How I wish

12、I had studied harder when I was in school! If you had, you _ work into late every day nowadays. A. dont B. wouldnt C. didnt D. wont If I _ with her last summer, I _ with her now.A. workedam getting on very well B. had workedwould get on very wellC. had workedwould have got on very well D. had worked

13、will get on very welle.If條件從句的省略 虛擬條件句的從句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可將if省略，再把were, should或had 移到從句句首，實(shí)行倒裝。Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 要是他答應(yīng)去的話，我們就派他去。Were she here, she would agree with us. 如果她在這兒的話，她會(huì)同意我們的。Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here.

14、 如果她懂一些電腦知識(shí)的話，我們會(huì)已經(jīng)聘用他來(lái)這里工作了。注意：在虛擬語(yǔ)氣的從句中，動(dòng)詞'be'的過去時(shí)態(tài)一律用"were"，不用was.If I were you, I would go to look for him.如果我是你，就會(huì)去找他。If he were here, everything would be all right.如果他在這兒，一切都會(huì)好的。典型例題_ to do the work, I should do it some other day.A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I_ you

15、r address，I would have written to you.A. Did I know B. Were I to know C. Had I known D. If I should know（三）在賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣1英語(yǔ)中，如：advise, ask, demand, desire, decide, insist(堅(jiān)決要求) , order, propose, request, suggest(建議) 表示請(qǐng)求、要求、命令或建議等意義的動(dòng)詞所接的賓語(yǔ)從句一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，起虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：(should) + 原形動(dòng)詞。如：The teacher advised that

16、 we should make good use of every minute here. 老師勸我們要好好地利用在這兒的每一分鐘。The Party asked that we should serve the people with our heart and soul. 黨要求我們要全心全意地為人民服務(wù)。注意： 如suggest, insist不表示"建議" 或"堅(jiān)持要某人做某事時(shí)"，即它們用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為"時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。The guard at gate insisted t

17、hat everybody obey the rules.判斷改錯(cuò):(錯(cuò))You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill.(對(duì))Your pale face suggests that you are ill.(錯(cuò))I insisted that you ( should) be wrong.(對(duì))I insisted that you were wrong.典型例題 He suggested that the meeting _ put off.A. not be B. should not C. wouldnt D. be not2. bel

18、ieve, expect, suspect, think, imagine等動(dòng)詞的否定句或疑問句中的賓語(yǔ)從句常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為： should + 原形動(dòng)詞。Can you believe that he should kill a tiger? 你能相信他竟殺死了一只老虎？Can you imagine that he should take the first place in the long jump contest? 你能想象得到他在跳遠(yuǎn)比賽中竟獲得了第一名？3. 英語(yǔ)中，wish之后的賓語(yǔ)從句，表示一種沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)或根本不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：

19、表示所發(fā)生的時(shí)間虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前(1)had + 過去分詞；(2)would / could / might / should + have + 過去分詞與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生過去時(shí)(be 用were )發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之后would / could / might / should + 原形動(dòng)詞I wish I learnt English well. 我希望我已學(xué)好了英語(yǔ)。I wish I had been there with them last week. 我希望上周跟他們一起在那兒。He wishes we could go and play games with him.

20、他希望我們能去跟他做游戲。典型例題 I wish I _ my uncle yesterday.A. met B. have met C. would meet D. had met4. 英語(yǔ)中，would rather, had rather, would sooner等之后的賓語(yǔ)從句常表示與客觀事實(shí)不相符的一種愿望，故使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。起虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：表示所發(fā)生的時(shí)間虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)過去had + 過去分詞； 現(xiàn)在過去時(shí)(be 用were ) 將來(lái)過去時(shí)(be 用were ) Id rather you had seen the film yesterday. 我倒想你昨天看過了這場(chǎng)電影。Id

21、 rather you were here now. 我倒想你現(xiàn)在在這兒。Wed rather you went here tomorrow. 我么倒想你明天去那兒。（四）、主語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣在表達(dá)驚異、惋惜、遺憾、理應(yīng)如此等意義的主語(yǔ)從句中常使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其虛擬語(yǔ)其的結(jié)構(gòu)為： should + 動(dòng)詞原形，主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式不限。句型： (1)It is admirable / dreadful / extraordinary / odd / remarkable / sad / advisable / annoying / disappointing / surprising / ups

22、etting / frightening / better / best / curious / desirable / important / strange / peculiar / proper / necessary / natural thatadvisable合理的decided決定的crucial關(guān)鍵的appropriate恰當(dāng)?shù)膁etermined決定的commanded命令的arranged安排的essential緊要的，基本的complied遵照anxious焦急的imperative迫切的important重要的desirable合意的better較好的，更好insist

23、ent堅(jiān)持的desired想要asked請(qǐng)求keen渴望的incredible難以置信的adamant堅(jiān)定不移的natural自然的insisted堅(jiān)持necessary必要的suggested建議urgent緊迫的ordered命令shocked震驚的vital極其重要的possible可能的strange奇怪的preferable好一點(diǎn)proposed提議requested要求的required要求的recommended推薦resolved決定的probable可能的pity可惜，憾事shame遺憾(2) It is a pity / a shame / no wonder. that(

24、3) It is suggested / requested / desired / proposed /. that (4) It worries me that It is important that we should do well in our lessons first. 我們先把功課學(xué)好很重要。It is strange that he should not come. 很奇怪，他竟沒有來(lái)。It is a pity that we should not meet last night. 真遺憾我們昨天晚上沒有見過面。It worries me that we should be

25、 blamed for that. 我們竟要受責(zé)備真讓人煩惱。典型例題 It is strange that he _ so.A. thinks B. think C. thought D. will think（五）表語(yǔ)從句及同位語(yǔ)從句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣英語(yǔ)中，表示請(qǐng)求、要求、命令、建議等名詞advice, desire, decision, idea, instruction, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish充當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)而后面接表語(yǔ)從句或它們后面接同位語(yǔ)時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從表面上看幾

26、屗及同位語(yǔ)從句都須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：(should) + 動(dòng)詞原形。如：We followed his advice that we should ask our teacher for help. 我們接受了他的建議：我們應(yīng)該請(qǐng)求老師的幫助。He told us his idea that he should go to university. 他告訴了我們他的想法：他想上大學(xué)。His suggestion is that we should do our work more carefully. 他的建議就是我們的工作要更細(xì)心些。Their plan is that they

27、 should build a new factory in their hometown. 他們的計(jì)劃就是在家鄉(xiāng)建一座新工廠。（六）方式狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣as if, as though引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣同wish的用法一樣They began to talk warmly as if they had known each other for long. 他們開始熱烈的談?wù)撈饋?lái)就好像他們已相互認(rèn)識(shí)很久了。He coughed twice as if someone should come. 他咳嗽兩聲就好像有人要來(lái)了。（七）定語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣英語(yǔ)中，表示：“早該做某事了”時(shí)

28、，定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：It is (high / about) time that + 主語(yǔ)+ 動(dòng)詞的過去式/ should + 動(dòng)詞原形。如：It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school. 我該去學(xué)校接我的女兒了。It is high time you should go to work. 你早該上班了。典型例題 Its high time he _ home.A. goes B. went C. will go D. is going to go（八）If only 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句（要是該有多

29、好啊)表示現(xiàn)在的情況,應(yīng)用過去式; 如果是過去的情況,應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)If only I knew the answer!If only I had seen the film yesterday!（九）由連接詞in case,so that,unless,but for, lest, for fear that引起的狀語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬形式，即should(might,would)+動(dòng)詞原形She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch cold.她在那個(gè)嬰兒的身上蓋上了毯子以免他著涼。（十）簡(jiǎn)單句中的虛擬語(yǔ)

30、氣1. 說話時(shí)，為了表示客氣、謙虛、委婉而有禮貌，言語(yǔ)常使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)形式常為：would / could / might / should + 原形動(dòng)詞。如：Would you mind my shutting the door? 我把門關(guān)起來(lái)你介意嗎？You should always learn this lesson by heart. 你要把這個(gè)教訓(xùn)牢記于心。I should agree with you. 我應(yīng)該同意你的觀點(diǎn)。2. 表示“祝愿”時(shí)，常用“may + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他”。如：May you have a good journey! 祝你一路

31、順風(fēng)。May your youth last for ever! 祝你青春永駐。3. 表示強(qiáng)烈的“愿望”、“祝愿”時(shí)，常用動(dòng)詞原形。如：Long live the Communist Party of China. 中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨萬(wàn)歲。God bless us. 上帝保佑。（十一） 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ have donecould have done 本來(lái)可以 might have done 本來(lái)可能 should / ought to have done 本來(lái)應(yīng)該做 shouldnt / ought not to have done 本不該做 neednt have done 本不必做 would ha

32、ve done 本來(lái)會(huì)去做You shouldnt have told her the truth .I didnt need to clean the windows . My brother did it.I didnt have enough money, otherwise I would have bought that book.虛擬語(yǔ)氣練習(xí)題1. If only he _quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie

33、2. How I wish every family _a large house with a beautiful garden. A. has B. had C. will have D. had had3. You did not let me drive. If we _in turn, you _ so tired A. drove; didnt get B. drove; wouldnt get C. were driving; wouldnt get D. had driven ; wouldnt have got4. _it rain tomorrow, we would ha

34、ve to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will5. I suggested the person _ to be put into prisonA. refers B. referring C. referred D. refer6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it_ A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken7. I

35、insisted _to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing _ wrong with him A. on him to go; should be B. he went; be C. he go; was D. he should to; is8. -Your aunt invites you to the movies today -I had rather she _ me tomorrow than today A. tells B. told C. would tell D. had told9. -Would you have called

36、her up had it been possible -Yes, but I _busy doing my homework A. was B. were C. had been D. would be 10. I was ill that day, otherwise I _ the sports meet A. would have taken part in B. took part in C. had taken part in D. would take part in 11. _the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky

37、easily A. Had it not been for B. If it were not C. If it had not been for D. Were it not for12. If my lawyer _here last Sunday, he _ me from going A. had been, would have prevented B. had been, would prevent C. were, prevent D. were, would have prevented 13. _hard, he would have passed the exam A. I

38、f he were to work B. Had he workedC. Should he work D. Were he to work14. _today, he would get there by Friday A. Were he to leave B. If he had left C. Did he to leave D. Had he left15. Had you listened to the doctor, you _all right now A. are B. wereC. would be D. would have been16. I did not see y

39、our sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brother A. has come B. did come C. come D. had come17. He _busy yesterday, or he _you with your experiment. A. was, had helped B. was, would have helpedC. had been, would have helped D. were, would have helped18. If it _for the snow, we_ the

40、 mountain yesterday A. were not, could have climb B. were not, could climbC. had not been, could have climbed D. hadnt been, could climb 19. Without electricity, human life _quite difficult today A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be20. -I am going to tell her the news -I would as soon you

41、 _her about it A. didnt tell B. dont tell C. hadnt tellD. wont tell21. Mikes father, as well as his mother, insisted he _home A. stayed B. could stay C. has stayedD. stay22. It was requested that the play _again A. should put on B. would put on C. be put onD. put on23. She insisted that a doctor _ i

42、mmediately A. had sent for B. send C. be sent forD. was sent24. -Did you scold him for his carelessness -Yes, but _it A. Id rather not do B. Id rather not have doneC. I should t doD. Id better not do25. If only I _my car A. hadnt lostB. wouldnt loseC. didnt loseD. havent lost26. But for water, it _i

43、mpossible to live in the earth A. isB. wouldC. were D. wouldnt be27. I would rather you _anything about it for the time being A. do B. didnt doC. dont D. didnt28. The kind-hearted couple treat the orphan very well as though he _ their own son A. isB. were C. had been D. should be29. How the old peop

44、le wish that they _young once more A. were B. could become C. had been D. should be30. It is high time that we _ a meeting to discuss this problem A. hold B. held C. have heldD. had held31. The thief closed his eyes _ he _dying A. even if , was B. though, would beC. even, had beenD. as if, were32. I

45、 wish that you _ such a bad headache because I am sure that you would have enjoyed the concert A. had not B. did not have hadC. hadnt hadD. hadnt have33. The chairman insisted that we _the question again A. will discuss B. to discussC. should discuss D. will be discussed34. He requested that the stu

46、dents _them get in crops A. help B. to help C. helped D. helping35. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _the rules A. obeysB. Obey C. will obeyD. would obey36. I wish I _here then A. wasB. had been C. were D. would be37. It is strange that he _back so early A. came B. will come C. had come

47、D. should have come38. Mother suggested that I _my homework first before watching TV A. did B. doC. shall doD. have done39. My suggestion is that the meeting _off till nest Sunday A. be put B. putC. should putD. had been put40. He is talking so much about America as if he _ there A. had been B. has

48、been C. wasD. been41. The teacher demanded that the exam _ before eleven A. must finish B. would be finishedC. be finishedD. must be finished42. -Sorry, Joe. I did not mean to -Dont call me “Joe”, I am Mr. Parker to you, and _ you forget it! A. do B. didnt C. didD. dont43. I did not attend the lectu

49、re by Pro. Jackson. I _ but I _ all this morning A. would, have washed B. could, have been washingC. would have, have been washing D. could have, had washing44. How I wish I _ to repair the watch! I only made it worse A. had tried B. hadnt tried C. have tried D. didnt try45. -How could I thank you e

50、nough? -Dont mention it. Any other man _it A. must do B. could do C. would have doneD. should have done46. Key European governments insist Iraqs co-operation _ good and military action_ to allow inspections to continue A. be, be delayedB. is, delayC. should be, be delayed D. is , be delayed47. If th

51、e hurricane had happened during the day-time, _more deaths A. it would have beenB. it would beC. there would beD. there would have been48. What the customers_ from the company is that the goods _ right to their homes. A. requested, deliver B. demand, be delivered C. request, should deliver D. demand, delivered49.