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1、 There be 句型及其考點(diǎn) “There be”是英語(yǔ)中最常見的又是非常重要的句型,不管在口語(yǔ)中還是在書面語(yǔ)中,there be 句型的使用頻率是很高的。仔細(xì)分析近幾年的中考試題,幾乎每年都以不同形式、從不同角度考查該句型的運(yùn)用。因此,很有必要對(duì)此進(jìn)行認(rèn)真的分析和總結(jié), 從而達(dá)到熟練掌握和運(yùn)用這一句型的目的。我們都知道,“There be”是表示“存在”的一種基本方式, 其句型結(jié)構(gòu)通常為::There be + sb./sth. + somewhere/doing sth。但僅僅知道這點(diǎn)用法還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠,“There be”還有更多較為特殊的用法。 一、“There
2、be”后面可以跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞 在“There be +主語(yǔ)+狀語(yǔ)"的句型中, 作主語(yǔ)的名詞一般是非限定的,常是泛指而不是特指, 故一般不用this, that, these, those 等詞修飾, 修飾主語(yǔ)的一般應(yīng)該是不定冠詞、零冠詞、基數(shù)詞或a, an, some, any, no, several, many, much, a few, a little, another, a lot of, enough等非特指的詞匯。請(qǐng)看下面例句: There is a shop at the corner. 在拐角處有家商店。 There are two books
3、 on the desk. 課桌上有兩本書。 There are many sheep bleating in the field. 田里有許多綿羊在叫。 二、我們也可以根據(jù)表達(dá)的需要, 在There與be之間用上恰當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞can, may, must, should, will等,構(gòu)成: There will /may/must/can, etc. be.: There will be an interesting talk on English next week. 下個(gè)星期有個(gè)關(guān)于英語(yǔ)方面的有趣報(bào)告。My watch doesnt work
4、, there may be something wrong with it. 我的手表不走了,可能出了故障。 三、“There be” 句型還有擴(kuò)展形式 在There be 句型中, 除be之外, 某些表示存在概念的不及物動(dòng)詞也可以用于這種句型, 這些動(dòng)詞大致是: live, come, stand, lie等。請(qǐng)看:Once there lived an old fisherman near the sea. 海邊曾經(jīng)住著一位老漁夫。There stands a big tall apple tree in front of my house. 我家屋前有一棵高大的蘋果
5、樹。Then there came a knock at the door.那時(shí)傳來(lái)了敲門聲。 四、使用“There be”句型時(shí)要注意主謂一致 在There be引導(dǎo)的句子中, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞be的人稱和數(shù)應(yīng)該和它后面的主語(yǔ)(名詞)保持一致, 當(dāng)有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的名詞作并列主語(yǔ)時(shí), be的形式則和第一個(gè)名詞保持一致(就近原則)。如: There is a small river near the village. 村子附近有條小河。There are two thousand students in our school. 我們學(xué)校有2000名學(xué)生。 Th
6、ere is a pen and two books on the desk. 課桌上有一枝鋼筆。 五、There be句型與have的區(qū)別: 二者都表示漢語(yǔ)中的“有”。但是在用法上有區(qū)別: There be 句型表示“某處(某時(shí))有某物”; 而have則表示“某人或某物擁有某物”, 強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)的所屬關(guān)系。如: There are quite a few pine trees on the campus. 校園里有許多松樹。 Each supergirl has her merits and faults.每個(gè)超級(jí)女生都有他的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)。We ha
7、ve ten copies, but we shall need more. 我們有10冊(cè),但是我們還需要更多。 六、There be 句型的轉(zhuǎn)換 一般地說(shuō), There be 句型的基本轉(zhuǎn)換還是比較容易掌握的, 關(guān)鍵要注意句型中名詞的轉(zhuǎn)換形式, 請(qǐng)看下面的例句: Are there any boats on the lake? (一般疑問(wèn)句) There are not any students in the classroom. (否定句) What's in the bag? (對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問(wèn)的特殊疑問(wèn)句
8、) There are many oranges in it. 七、There be 句型的時(shí)態(tài): There be 句型沒有語(yǔ)態(tài)形式, 但是卻有比較復(fù)雜的時(shí)態(tài)形式, 以及可以表達(dá)不同的情態(tài)語(yǔ)境,請(qǐng)看下面的例句: There will be a class meeting this afternoon. (一般將來(lái)時(shí))今天下午有班會(huì)。There was a football match in our school yesterday. (一般過(guò)去時(shí))昨天我們學(xué)校有一場(chǎng)足球賽。 There have been great changes in
9、 China in the past twenty years. (現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))在過(guò)去20年里中國(guó)發(fā)生了巨大變化。There are going to be two English parties next week. (一般將來(lái)時(shí))下周有兩場(chǎng)英語(yǔ)晚會(huì)。There must be something wrong with the computer. ( must + be)這臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)一定出問(wèn)題了。 八、即時(shí)練習(xí) 用括號(hào)中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. There was a tractor _ (work) and some cows _ (eat) grass o
10、n the farm. 2. Look! There _ (come) the No.7 bus. 3. There _ (be) sheep and goats on the hill yesterday morning. 4. There must _ (be) somebody in the corner because there was something _ (move) quickly. 5. There _ (be) a writer and singer in our school last week. 6. There _
11、(be) a writer and two singers in our school last week. 7. _ there _ (be) an exciting concert in town tomorrow?8. There _ (be) a lot of changes in my hometown in the last two years.9. Once there _ (live) some hard-working people in the forest.10. Did there _ (stand) a statue (塑像) by the sea?高考語(yǔ)法
12、There be 句型There be句型:表示某地存在有某物,而不是某人有某物。There be句型中的be為系動(dòng)詞,有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化。be的人稱、數(shù)的變化由be后面的名詞或代詞(第一個(gè))決定。一There be基本句型幾種形式:肯定式:There + be + 主語(yǔ)+其他(狀語(yǔ)等) e.g. There are two books on the desk.否定式:There + be + not (any)/no+主語(yǔ)+其他(狀語(yǔ)) e.g. There is no book on the desk.一般疑問(wèn)式:Be + there+ 主語(yǔ)+其他(狀語(yǔ)) e.g.
13、 Are there two books on the desk?特殊疑問(wèn)式:How many/How much+主語(yǔ)+be + 其他(狀語(yǔ))e.g. How many students are there in your class?e.g. How much money is there in your pocket?二There be 句型的特殊句型。(一)There be句型和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞連用,表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)某地存在有某物的看法和態(tài)度,或者某地存在某物的時(shí)間.肯定式:There + 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞+ be+主語(yǔ)+其他否定式:There + 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞+ not + be+ 主
14、語(yǔ)+其他疑問(wèn)式:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞+there + be +主語(yǔ)+其他e.g. There may be tigers in the forest.e.g. There cant be any tigers in the forest.e.g. Can there be any tigers in the forest?e.g. There has been a lot of rain this summer.e.g. There has not been much rain this summer.e.g. Hasnt there been any rain this summer?(2) T
15、here + be likely to be,happen to be,seem(to be), occur等,用來(lái)描寫事物。e.g. There are likely to be more difficulties than they have been prepared for e.g. There happened to be nobody in the room e.g. There doesnt seem to be much hope of our beating that team e.g. There have occurred many great changes since
16、 we met last(三)there +live,stand,exist,remain等,用來(lái)表示"靜止、存在、有"。e.g. There lives a family of five in the village e.g. There remains nothing more to be donee.g. There stood a tower at the top of the hill.e.g. There exist different opinions on this question (四)There + come,spring up,appear,emer
17、ge,arrive,enter,follow, 等,用來(lái)表示"突然出現(xiàn)"。e.g. There appears to be no substitute for this stuff yete.g. There came a company of actors and actresses e.g. There followed a spirited discussion after class 二 (for)there +to be,這種不定式結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作賓語(yǔ)(無(wú)須for引導(dǎo))、狀語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)(須有for引導(dǎo)), there做邏輯主語(yǔ)。(一) 作賓語(yǔ): there +to bee
18、.g. The students expected there to be more reviewing classes before the final exams(二) 作狀語(yǔ):for+ there+ to be/beinge.g. They planned for there to be another meeting(目的)e.g. For there to be life there must be air and water. (條件)(三) 做主語(yǔ):for+ there+ to bee.g. It s a great pity for there to be much troub
19、le in the companye.g. For there to be so few people in the streets was unusual 四There + being,在句中做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)e.g. There being a bus stop so near the house is a great advantage(主語(yǔ))e.g. John was relying on there being another opportunity(賓語(yǔ))e.g. There being no money then, we had to walk home.(狀語(yǔ))五There +
20、be+主語(yǔ)+修飾/說(shuō)明成分(一) there be 主語(yǔ)+to do修飾語(yǔ),用來(lái)修飾主語(yǔ)的不定式可以用被動(dòng)形式,也可以用主動(dòng)形式。在口語(yǔ)中多用主動(dòng)形式。但是有時(shí)候兩種形式可能表示不同的意思。E.g:There is no time to lose to be lost 試比較: There is nothing to see(nothing worth seeing) There is nothing to be seen(nothing there at all) (二) there be 主語(yǔ)+doing 修飾語(yǔ)e.g. There were 200 children studying(w
21、ho were studying)music.e.g. Is there anything planned(that has been planned)for tonight?(三) there be 主語(yǔ)+定語(yǔ)從句 (定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞做主語(yǔ),也可以省略)e.g. There is something (that) puzzles me.e.g. There is a stranger (who) wants to see you.(四) there be 主語(yǔ)+同位語(yǔ)從句e.g. There came the news that the President had been murdere
22、d.六用在從句中的there be結(jié)構(gòu),在從句中可以做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)等。e. g It is reported that there are a number of wounded on both sides.(主語(yǔ)從句)e.g. They said there were quite a number of very valuable jewels stolen.(賓語(yǔ)從句)e.g. Such wind as there was came up the river.(定語(yǔ)從句)e.g. Where there is a will, there is a way.(狀語(yǔ)從句
23、)e.g. The problem is that there's too much difficulty in fulfilling the task.(表語(yǔ)從句)e.g. The fact that there occurred another accident surprised us all.(同位語(yǔ)從句)七There be句型需要掌握的重點(diǎn)句型1.There is no doubt/question that-:-毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)。There is no question of doing sth. :是毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)的。.是不可能的。e.g. There is no question t
24、hat it is true.e.g. There is no doubt that they can get the machine working very soon.2. There is no + doing:不可能;無(wú)法;沒有辦法There is no joking about it.這事開不得玩笑。There is no telling what will happen.無(wú)法預(yù)料會(huì)發(fā)生什么。There is no holding back the wheel of history.歷史車輪不可阻擋。3. There is no + 名詞+ in doing : 是沒有意義的/無(wú)用的
25、There is no point in doing sth. 是沒有意義的There is no sense in doing sth. 沒有理由/沒有好處;There is no use/good in doing sth沒有好處There is no harm in doing sth沒有害處e.g. There is no point in arguing with him further.進(jìn)一步和他爭(zhēng)論是沒有意義的。e.g. here is no harm in doing sth.=it does no harm (for sb.) to do sth.八There be 句型的反
26、意疑問(wèn)句(仍然用there)e.g. There will be a special exhibition tomorrow, wont there?e.g. There used to be a lake here, usednt there/didnt there.There be句型練習(xí)1. How many students, do you think, will be present at the speech?I expect over 200 students then. Athere beingBthere to be Cthere beDthere been2. Ann ne
27、ver dreams of _ for her to be sent abroad very soon A. there to be a chance B. there being a chance C. there be a chance D. being a chance3. No one had told Smith about _ a lecture the following dayA .there be B. there would be C. there was D. there being 4. There _ be
28、a lot of small houses on both sides of the street.A. used to B. get used to C. would D. did use to5. If ever again _ happens an accident like this, we will have only ourselves to blame.
29、A. it B. so C. there D. that6. He said it was impossible for _ a mistake in a computers calculation, so you can rly on that.A. there being B. there would be C. there to be D. there was7. Ann never dreams of _ for her to be sent abroad very soon.A. there being a ch
30、ance B. there to be a chanceC. there be a chance D. being a chance8.Once he starts talking about Chinese or foreign affairs, ancient or modern, _.A. there is no stopping of him B. he is not to stopC. ther
31、e is no stopping him D. it is no stopping him9. The chairman insisted that there be a meeting _ within the shortest possible time.A. to hold B. to be held C. to have been held D. to be holding10. Where _ dirt, there are flies. A. ther
32、e has B. is C. there is D. has there11. Around the world _ may be as many as a million earthquakes in a single year.A. yet B. they C. there D. has there12. _ no air, there would be no life on the earth.A. There was &
33、#160;B. There were C. Was there D. Were there13. _, she went back to her room.A. There was no cause for alarm B. Without having cause for alarmC. Being no cause for alarm D. There being no cause for alarm14. _ to the railway station, we missed the train. A. There
34、is no bus B. No bus goesC. There not being any bus D. Not any bus15. He said, “_ a long way to school. _ a long way to go yet before we arrive.”A. It is There is B. There is It isC. It is It is D. There is There is16. There has been a great increase in
35、 retail sales, _?A. does there B. isnt there C. hasnt there D. isnt it17. We left the meeting, there obviously _ no point in staying.A. were B. being C. to be D. having18. There is no point _ with him, since he has already made up his mind
36、.A. argue B. to argue C. in arguing D. of arguing19. There was a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, _ a sudden loud noise.A. being there B. should there be C. there was D. there having been20. It isnt cold enough for there _ a frost tonight,
37、so I can leave Jims car out quite safely. A. would be B. being C. was D. to be練習(xí)二: 1There _ a bed and a big wardrobe with a mirror Aare Bwere Cwas Dbe 2No one would have dreamed of such a good place Athere is Bthere to be Cthere being Dthere was 3I should prefer _ no discussion of my private affairs Athere to be Bthere being Cthere is Dthere are 4It was too late _ any buses Afor there to be Bt
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