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1、非謂語動(dòng)詞定義非謂語動(dòng)詞是指在句子中不是謂語的動(dòng)詞,主要包括不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞),即動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式。非謂語動(dòng)詞除了不能獨(dú)立作謂語外,可以承擔(dān)句子的任何成分。他們有著動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn),可以充當(dāng)主語、賓語、狀語、定語、賓補(bǔ)等。非謂語動(dòng)詞與謂語動(dòng)詞是相對(duì)的概念。Doing一.動(dòng)名詞: 動(dòng)名詞既具有動(dòng)詞的一些特征,又具有名詞的句法功能。 一般式 (謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生)doing being done完成式 (謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生之前)having donehaving been done 動(dòng)名詞的形式: (1)一般式: Seeing is believing. 眼見為實(shí)。 (2)被動(dòng)式: He
2、 came to the party without being invited他未被邀請(qǐng)就來到了晚會(huì)。 (3)完成式: We remembered having seen the film. 我們記得看過這部電影。 (4)完成被動(dòng)式: He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old. 他忘記五歲時(shí)曾被帶到廣州去過。 (5)否定式:not + 動(dòng)名詞 I regret not following his advice. 我后悔沒聽他的勸告。 (6)復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu):物主代詞(或名詞所有格)+ 動(dòng)名詞 He sugg
3、ested our trying it once again. 他建議我們?cè)僭囈淮巍?His not knowing English troubled him a lot. 他不懂英語給他帶來許多麻煩。 動(dòng)名詞的句法功能: (1)作主語: Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗讀是很有好處的。 Collecting stamps is interesting. 集郵很有趣。 當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞短語作主語時(shí)常用it作形式主語。 It's no use quarrelling.爭吵是沒用的。 (2)作表語: In the ant city, the queen's
4、job is laying eggs. 在螞蟻王國,蟻后的工作是產(chǎn)卵。 (3)作賓語: They haven't finished building the dam. 他們還沒有建好大壩。 We have to prevent the air from being polluted. 我們必須阻止空氣被污染。 注意動(dòng)名詞既可作動(dòng)詞賓語也可作介詞賓語,如上面兩個(gè)例句。 此外,動(dòng)名詞作賓語時(shí),若跟有賓語補(bǔ)足語(如no use, no good, useless, worthwhile), 則常用形式賓語it,例如: We found it no good making fun of oth
5、ers. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)取笑他人不好。 常用句型:Sb believe/think/consider/make/find it + 賓補(bǔ) + doing Sth只跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞: enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid, excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit,deny, mind, permit, forbid, practice, risk, appreciate, be busy, be worth, feel like, can't stand, can't help, think of
6、, dream of, be fond of, prevent(from),keep from, stop(from),protectfrom, set about, be engaged in, spend(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like (4)作定語: He can't walk without a walking-stick. 他沒有拐杖不能走路。 Is there a swimming pool in your scho
7、ol? 你們學(xué)校有游泳池嗎? (5)作同位語: The cave, his hiding-place is secret. 那個(gè)山洞,他藏身的地方很秘密。 His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged 他收聽收音機(jī)新聞節(jié)目的習(xí)慣仍未改變。 二.現(xiàn)在分詞 現(xiàn)在分詞既具有動(dòng)詞的一些特征,又具有形容詞和副詞的句法功能。 現(xiàn)在分詞的形式: 同動(dòng)名詞(1)現(xiàn)在分詞的主動(dòng)語態(tài):現(xiàn)在分詞主動(dòng)語態(tài)的一般式表示與謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,完成式表示的動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生,常作狀語。例如: They went to
8、 the park, singing and talking. 他們邊唱邊說向公園走去。 Having done his homework, he played basketball. 做完作業(yè),他開始打籃球。 (2)現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài):一般式表示與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生的被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作,完成式表示發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前的被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。 The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被討論的問題很重要。 Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake. 被告訴了好幾遍,這個(gè)
9、淘氣的孩子又犯了同一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。 現(xiàn)在分詞的句法功能: (1)作定語:現(xiàn)在分詞作定語,當(dāng)分詞單獨(dú)做定語時(shí),放在所修飾的名詞前;如果是分詞短語做定語放在名詞后。 In the following years he worked even harder. 在后來的幾年中,他學(xué)習(xí)更努力了。 The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father. 正與老師談話的那個(gè)人是我們班長的父親。 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句的句法功能,如:in the following years也可用in the years that followed; t
10、he man speaking to the teacher可改為the man who is speaking to the teacher. (2)作表語: The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在這家上演的電影很棒。 The present situation is inspiring. 當(dāng)前的形勢鼓舞人心。 be + doing既可能表示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),也可能是現(xiàn)在分詞做表語,它們的區(qū)別在于be + doing表示進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作是進(jìn)行時(shí),而表示特征時(shí)是系動(dòng)詞be與現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。 (3)作賓語補(bǔ)足語: 跟現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)
11、詞: see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等。例如: Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能聽見她在隔壁唱歌嗎? He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他讓小汽車在門口等著。 (4)作狀語: 作時(shí)間狀語: (While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker. 在工廠工作時(shí),他是一名先進(jìn)
12、工人。 作原因狀語: Being a League member, he is always helping others. 由于是共青團(tuán)員,他經(jīng)常幫助他人。 作方式狀語,表示伴隨: He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里,又擦又洗。 作條件狀語: (If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time. 要是整天玩,你就會(huì)浪費(fèi)寶貴的時(shí)間。 作結(jié)果狀語: He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了,結(jié)果摔得粉碎。 作讓步狀
13、語: (Though)raining heavily, it cleared up very soon. 雖然雨下得很大,但不久天就晴了。 與邏輯主語構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格: I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my head 我等汽車時(shí),一只鳥落到我頭上。 All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly. 所有的票已經(jīng)賣光了,他們失望地離開了。 Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises. 如果時(shí)間允許,我們將做另兩
14、個(gè)練習(xí)。 有時(shí)也可用with (without) +名詞(代詞賓格)+分詞形式 With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他點(diǎn)著燈睡著了。 作獨(dú)立成分: Judging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor. 從外表看,他一定是個(gè)演員。 Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般說來,女孩子更細(xì)心。 專項(xiàng)練習(xí):1. I looked up and noticed a snake
15、60;_ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast. A. to wind B. wind C. winding
16、60; D. wind2. _ in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad. A. Standing B. To stand
17、; C. Stood D. Stand3. One learns a language by making mistakes and _ them. A. corrects B
18、. correct C. to correct D. correcting4. The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without _.A. recognizingB. being recognizedC. having
19、recognizedD. having been recognized5. Tony lent me the money, _that Id do as much for him. A. hoping B. to hope C. hoped D. having hoped6. He got up
20、60;late and hurried to his office, _the breakfast untouched. A. left B. to leave C. leaving D. having left7. The party will be held in
21、 the garden, weather _ . A. permitting B. to permit C. permitted &
22、#160; D. permit 8. _ basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies. A. Known B. Having known C. Knowing D. Being known9. The room is empty except for a bookshelf _ in one corner. A. standing B. to stand C. stands D. stood10. _ at the cafeteria before,
23、Tina didnt want to eat there again. A. Having eaten B. To eat C. Eat D. Eating 11. This is the only way we can imagine the overuse of water in students' bathrooms. A. reducing B. to reduce C. reduced D. reduce12. In order not to be disturbed, I spent three hours _ in my study.A. locking B. to lock C. locked D. being locked13. _to&
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