高中情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法總結(jié)

1、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法A. can; could; be able toCan 1. 表示“能力”(此時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)是could) 2.表示許可、請(qǐng)求，“可以”。-Can/Could I go now?3 表示推測(cè), 把握很大,could也可表推測(cè),把握比can小。-Look! Someone is coming! Who can it be?-It cant be him. He has gone to Paris.（不可能）/ He could be here soon. 他很快就來(lái)。 4 表示感情（驚異/不耐煩）“究竟，到底”（主要用于否定句，疑問(wèn)句和感嘆句中。）How can you be so f

2、oolish?What can it possibly be? 到底那是怎么一回事?They cant be working at this time of day. 5 肯定句中客觀存在的可能性?！坝袝r(shí)會(huì)，偶爾”It can be quite windy there, especially in spring. Could 1.表示能力， can 的過(guò)去式，過(guò)去能夠Could you speak English then? 那時(shí)候你會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)嗎? 2. 請(qǐng)求允許（委婉語(yǔ)氣）（問(wèn)句的答語(yǔ)不用could，而用can，）Could Can I use your pen? ” “Yes, of cou

3、rse you can.”/ No, Im afraid not. 3. 表示推測(cè)可能性（肯，否，疑）We could go there this summer. 今年夏天我們可能要去那兒。(將來(lái)可能性)You could be right, but I dont think you are. 你可能是對(duì)的，但我并不認(rèn)為你是對(duì)的。4. could have done 對(duì)過(guò)去推測(cè)，可能已經(jīng)。本來(lái)能夠卻沒(méi)做，差點(diǎn)就He cant couldnt have seen her there. 他不可能在那兒見(jiàn)到她。 He could have gone home. 他可能已回家了He could hav

4、e told her, but he didnt choose to. 他本來(lái)可以告訴她的，但他卻沒(méi)有。B. may 和 might1.表示允許許可，might提問(wèn)更委婉。 -May/Might I watch TV after supper? -Yes, you may./ Yes, please./ Certainly. -No, you mustn't. / No, you may not. / No, you cant./No, youd better not.2. 表示推測(cè)，有“或許”、“可能”的意思。might把握更小。疑問(wèn)句用can/ could. He may/migh

5、t be right./ I hear there may be a few copies left. He may/might come today (tomorrow).3. may表示祝愿，倒裝。May +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形。May you succeed!/May you all be happy. may might as well意為“不妨”、“還是為好”等，用 might 比用 may 語(yǔ)氣更委婉。如： Im ready，so I might as well go now我已準(zhǔn)備好，因此不妨現(xiàn)在就走。 Theres nothing to do, so I may might as w

6、ell go to bed. may well. 完全可能C. must, have to Must 1. 表示“必須”。否定式mustnt表示“不可以”、“不準(zhǔn)”、“禁止”等。Everybody must obey the rules./You mustnt lend it to others./You mustnt speak like that to your mother.在回答有“must” 的詢(xún)問(wèn)時(shí)，- Must I go now? - Yes, you must. -No, you neednt. / No, you dont have to.2. must表示推測(cè)（“一定”、“

7、必定”），表肯定的推測(cè), 其否定的推測(cè)用cant，表示“不可能” 。You must be hungry after the long walk. / It can't be Jim, for he has gone to Beijing. The Chinese language must have the large number of speakers.3must 表示說(shuō)話人不耐煩的態(tài)度，“干嘛偏要” must + have + done，表示對(duì)過(guò)去事物的肯定推測(cè)。 “一定做過(guò).” He must have told my parents about it. 他一定把這件事情告訴

8、我父母親了。 must表示推測(cè)時(shí)，其反意疑問(wèn)句應(yīng)根據(jù)動(dòng)詞的實(shí)際時(shí)態(tài)而變化。如： § It must be nice to take a walk here, isnt it?§ Tom buys a lot of apples ,he must like eating them, doesn't he？ Must have done 的反意疑問(wèn)句有三種情況:從句中含有過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),反意疑問(wèn)句用過(guò)去時(shí).§ The ground is wet , it must have rained last night, didnt it?從句中含有過(guò)去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

9、,反意疑問(wèn)句用過(guò)去完成時(shí).§ By the end of last term, we must have learnt 2000 words, hadnt we?若從句中不含任何時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),反意疑問(wèn)句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)§ We must have been met somewhere (before), havent we?must 表示“必須”“有必要”時(shí)，反義疑問(wèn)句部分用mustnt.? 或 neednt .? You must go home right now, neednt you?must 用否定形式 mustnt時(shí)，附加疑問(wèn)句部分用may或must?You mustn

10、t cheat in the examination, must you?3. 表示與說(shuō)話人愿望相反及不耐煩意為“偏要”-_you make so much noise? -Sorry, I will take care not to. A Must B Can C May D Would4. must 和 have to 的區(qū)別:D. ought to/ should/ shallOught to ought to用于反映客觀情況或涉及義務(wù)和規(guī)定時(shí)，常譯作“應(yīng)該”、“應(yīng)當(dāng)”(和should差不多， 只是語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng))，有時(shí)表示非?？赡艿氖虑?。 There ought not to be much

11、 noise in a hospital. - Ought he to go? - Yes, he ought to. If she is completely well, she ought to be back at school today.ought to have done指過(guò)去動(dòng)作,表示一件事情該做而未做。 ought not to have done 表示一件不該做的事情卻做了。should 1.用于表示勸告和建議，“應(yīng)該”表示自己的主觀看法,語(yǔ)氣比ought to弱。 should + have done 指過(guò)去動(dòng)作,表示一件事情該做而未做。 should not + have

12、 done 表示一件不該做的事情卻做了。 - Who did it sound like? Anybody you know?- Well, perhaps Jeff. I should have asked who was calling before he hung it up.2.表推測(cè)，“按道理，按常理應(yīng)該”They should have arrived by two o clock.3.表示驚訝,贊嘆，不滿(mǎn)，責(zé)備 “竟然”I am sorry that you should do such a thing.4. 用于if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句中，表示一件事聽(tīng)起來(lái)可能性小，但也不是完全不可

13、能。有“萬(wàn)一”的意思Should I be free tomorrow, Ill come.Ask Tom to ring me up if you should see him.shall1. shall 作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，用于第二、第三人稱(chēng)，陳述句，表示說(shuō)話人的意愿，有“命令”、“警告”、“威脅”、“強(qiáng)制”、“允諾”等意思。“必須，應(yīng)，可以” You shall do as I say. （命令） Tell him that he shall have the book tomorrow. （允諾） You shall be punished if you break the law. (表警

14、告)2. 用于第一、第三人稱(chēng), 在疑問(wèn)句中，shall 用來(lái)征詢(xún)對(duì)方意見(jiàn)?！昂脝?？”“要不要？”Where shall I wait for you?/ Shall he come at once?/ Shall we start the meeting now?3.在條約規(guī)定法令等文件中表示義務(wù)或規(guī)定，用于第三人稱(chēng) The new regulation shall take effect on June 1st.E. will 和 would 1) 表示“意志”、”決心” 、“意愿”，可用于多種人稱(chēng)。will 指現(xiàn)在，would 指過(guò)去。 I will tell you all about

15、it./ He wont go.(2) 表示詢(xún)問(wèn)對(duì)方的意愿或向?qū)Ψ教岢稣?qǐng)求,在疑問(wèn)句中用語(yǔ)第二人稱(chēng)時(shí)，委婉語(yǔ)氣would. Im going to go shopping after school. Will you go with me? Will/would you please give him a message when you see him?(3) 表示習(xí)慣動(dòng)作，有“總是”、“慣于”的意思。過(guò)去式would Hell talk for hours if you give him the chance.(4) 表示功能，“能” The door wont open. / The c

16、ar wont start.(5)will用于敘述真理,客觀規(guī)律時(shí)“會(huì)” Oil will float on water. / Fish will die without water.F. need 和 dare1. need 表示“需要”、“必須”。通常用在否定句或疑問(wèn)句中。 He neednt pay for it. - Need you go now? - Yes, I must. - No, I neednt.2. dare 表示“敢”。通常用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句、條件從句和if/whether 引出的賓語(yǔ)從句中。 How dare you say Im unfair? She dare

17、not do so. He asked me if I dared speak English in public. need 和 dare 也可用作行為動(dòng)詞，變化與一般動(dòng)詞相同 She didnt need to go. - Who dares to go? - - I dont dare (to) go. I dare say 作插入語(yǔ),我想, 大概, 可能, 或許 “neednt + have done” 表示過(guò)去做了沒(méi)必要做的事情。 You needn't have taken it seriously. 這件事情你不必太認(rèn)真。G. had better “最好” We had

18、 better go now. Yes, we had (we'd better / we had better). Hadn't we better stop now? (Had we better not stop now?) I think I'd better be going. （用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，表“最好立即”） You had better have done that. （用于完成時(shí)態(tài)，表未完成動(dòng)作） 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ have done1、must have done,“一定做過(guò)/一定已經(jīng)”，表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況極大把握地推測(cè)，僅用于肯定句2、may/might have done 也許做過(guò)某事（推測(cè)）；本來(lái)可以做某事卻沒(méi)做3、can't have done 為否定句或疑問(wèn)句,對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè)“不可能，一定沒(méi)做過(guò)某事” could have done本來(lái)可以做某事卻沒(méi)做4. neednt have done 表示”不必要做某事，但做了”，而neednt do 則表示”不必做(也沒(méi)做)”5.、ought to /should have