定語從句典型錯(cuò)誤例析

1、1.過去十年中發(fā)生的變化使這個(gè)城市看上去大不相同了。誤：The changes took place in the past ten years have made the city look quite different. 正： The changes which (that) took place -2. 我們?nèi)芮敖坏淖魑倪€沒有批改。誤：The compositions we handed them in three weeks ago havent been marked yet. 正：正：The compositions we handed in three -.析：定語從句中已省

2、去作賓語的關(guān)系析：定語從句中已省去作賓語的關(guān)系代詞代詞that (which)，因此句中的人稱代，因此句中的人稱代詞詞them為多余的，造成語義重復(fù)，故為多余的，造成語義重復(fù)，故將將them去掉。去掉。 3.這座城市再也不是過去那個(gè)樣子了。The city is no longer the city what it used to be. 正：The - city (that ) it used to be. The city is no longer what it used to be. 析：what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，不能引導(dǎo)定語從句。關(guān)系代詞that在定語從句中作表語時(shí)，可省略。 4.我是

3、你的最好的朋友，在你遇到困難時(shí)當(dāng)然會(huì)幫助你的。I, who is your best friend, will certainly help you whenever you are in trouble. 正：正：I, who am your best -. 析：定語從句謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)應(yīng)析：定語從句謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)應(yīng)與先行詞的人稱和數(shù)一致。句中與先行詞的人稱和數(shù)一致。句中I為先為先行詞，從句謂語行詞，從句謂語be的形式應(yīng)用的形式應(yīng)用am。 5.她是這家幼兒園中拿高工資的為數(shù)不多的女孩之一。She is one of the few girls who is well paid in t

4、he kindergarten. 正:She is - girls who are well -. 析：定語從句前若為“one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞 ”結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，先行詞是靠近它的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，而不是one，從句謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 當(dāng)one之前有the only等修飾時(shí)，先行詞為one，從句謂語用單數(shù)。如：Mary is the only one of Mr Browns four daughters who has received higher education. 6.所有需要做的事情都必須做好。誤：All which needs to be done must be done well. 正：A

5、ll that needs - well. 析：定語從句的先行詞若為不定代詞anything, everything, nothing, all, little , much等時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞用that, 而不用 which。 7.課堂上老師給我們講述了我們大家不熟悉的這位作家及他的作品。In class our teacher spoke to us about the writer and his works which were still unknown to us all. 正：In class - works that were still unknown to us all. 析：先行

6、詞中既又指人的名詞，又有指物的名詞時(shí)。8.樓下我們有兩個(gè)空房間，至少一年沒人住了。 We have two spare rooms downstairs, neither of them has been used for at least a year. - downstairs, neither of which has -.- downstairs, but neither of them has -.- downstairs. Neither of them has -.析：兩句之間若為逗號(hào)，后一句應(yīng)是定語從句，用關(guān)系代詞；中間若是連接詞，則為并列句，要用人稱代詞。9.他假裝沒聽懂我的

7、話，這使我很生氣。誤：He pretended not to understand what I said, this made me very angry. 正：He - what I said, which made me very angry. 析：that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，要用which，其先行詞為整個(gè)住句。10有關(guān)第二次世界大戰(zhàn)的故事寫得很好，這是其中的一篇。 The stories about the Second World War were well written, of that this was one example. 正：- written , of whic

8、h this -. 析：that引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，不能置于介詞后。介詞后要使用which，whom。如：In the dark street , there wasnt a single person to whom she turned for help. 11.如上所述，高中生在校人數(shù)逐年增加。誤：It is said above, the number of senior high school students is increasing each year. 正：As is said above, the -. 析：as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，其位置可放在主句前或后，以代替整個(gè)主句。it

9、開頭的句子，后面用that從句。12. 這房子以這么低的價(jià)格出售，在人們的預(yù)料之中。The house was sold at such a low price that people expected. 正：-price as people expected. 析：定語從句先行詞若被such, the same, as等修飾時(shí)，從句由as引導(dǎo)。1. Ive never heard such a wonderful song as hes singing. 2.He will take the same train as I did to Shenzhen. 13.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記在鄉(xiāng)下與他們一

10、起度過的快樂時(shí)光。Ill never forget the happy hours when I spent together with them in the country. 正：- hours that/which I spent together with them -. 析：使用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞取決于從句的結(jié)構(gòu)和意義，而不能僅看先行詞。從句謂語spent為及物動(dòng)詞，需用關(guān)系代詞that/which作它的賓語。如：I live in Beijing, which is the capital of China. (從句中不能用where。) 14.每天來這兒送奶的那姑娘是山區(qū)來的。

11、The girl bringing milk here every day is from the mountainous area. 正：The girl who brings milk -. 析：定語從句謂語動(dòng)詞若表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性或先于主句謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作時(shí)，一般不宜用V-ing結(jié)構(gòu)替換。如：The speaker today was an old scientist who had just returned from abroad not long before. (從句不宜用V-ing結(jié)構(gòu)替換) 15. 直到1953年他才重返家鄉(xiāng)。誤：It was not until 1954 wh

12、en he returned to his hometown. 正：I t was not until 1954 that he -. 析：強(qiáng)調(diào)句型it is (was) .that，用來強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的狀語部分，并非定語從句。注意區(qū)分兩者之間的差異。如：I t was 1948 when my hometown was liberated. (定語從句) I t was in 1948 that my hometown was liberated. (強(qiáng)調(diào)句型) 16.那本書是我的，書皮是藍(lán)色的。 The book，the cover of it is blue， is mine 正正:The b

13、ook，the cover of which is blue， is mine=The book，whose cover is blue，is mine析：在非限定性定語從句中，常出現(xiàn)含析：在非限定性定語從句中，常出現(xiàn)含有有“ofwhichwhom”這種結(jié)這種結(jié)構(gòu)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)的用法常讓同學(xué)們感到困構(gòu)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)的用法常讓同學(xué)們感到困惑，現(xiàn)將其主要類型歸納如下：惑，現(xiàn)將其主要類型歸納如下： 一、the 名詞of which whom 這種結(jié)構(gòu)可以與whose引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句互換。例如： The boy，the father of whom died，is in our class The bo

14、y，whose father died，is in our class 那個(gè)男孩在我們班，他父親去世了。 二、不定代詞some any all等或基數(shù)詞of which whom I bought many books yesterday，some of which are novels我昨天買了許多書，其中一些是小說。 He has three sons，all（two）of whom are college students他有三個(gè)兒子，他們都（中兩個(gè)）是大學(xué)生。 三、形容詞的最高級(jí)of which whom. The team is made up of ten doctors，the

15、youngest of whom is Xiao Wang這個(gè)隊(duì)由十名醫(yī)生組成，最年輕的是小王。 There are many buildings in our school，the newest of which is the teaching building我們學(xué)校有許多樓房，最新的是教學(xué)樓。 含有of的短語介詞which構(gòu)成的非限定性定語從句 They walked into a big room，in the middle of which there was only a bed他們走進(jìn)一個(gè)大房間，屋子中央只有一張床。 We study in this building，at th

16、e back of which there is a big garden我們?cè)谶@幢樓里學(xué)習(xí)，樓后有個(gè)大花園。 看1993年上海高考題： I dont like _ you speak to her Athe way Bthe way in that Cthe way which Dthe way of which 析：way后面可用一個(gè)定語從句修飾，后面的引導(dǎo)詞可用in which，也可用that（in which和 that可省略）答案：A 。 例如：The way（in which）they were treated hurt their feelings對(duì)待他們的方式傷害了他們的感情。

17、 The gardener was called to tell the way（that） the poor dog had died花匠被叫來講述這只可憐的狗的死因。注意：有時(shí)the way不作先行詞，而表達(dá)另外的意義時(shí)，后面不能用that或in which。 例如：I fixed the things the way he wanted（the way as）我按照他要求的把東西擺好了。 Ive been thinking about them for years，the way a child thinks of a vacation（the way as）對(duì)于這些東西我像小孩盼望假期

18、一樣等了好多年。 No wonder that girl looks down upon me，the way you encourage her（the way since）難怪那小姑娘看不起我，原來你在慫勇她。 way的后置定語比較靈活，現(xiàn)將它的用法歸納如下：一、way的后置定語既可用不定式短語，又可用of V-ing短語。例如： He had a strange way of making（to make）his class lively and interesting他有奇妙的方法，能使他的課上得生動(dòng)有趣。 He studied ways of keeping（to keep）seeds他研究過留種的方法。 能夠用這兩種后置定語的名詞還有：chance opportunity（機(jī)會(huì)），right（權(quán)利），freedom（自由）， need（需要），necessity（必要）等。例如： He has the right to do（of doing）that他有權(quán)那樣做。 I dont get many chances to talk（of talking）to him these days這些天我與他談話的機(jī)會(huì)不多。 二、way后面可用一個(gè)定語從句修飾