2019年考研英二真題及答案

1、2019考研英二真題，凱程首發(fā)，全網(wǎng)最全SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Weighingyourselfregularlyisawonderfulwaytostayawareofanysignificantweightfluctuations.1_,whendonetoooften,thishabitcansometimeshurtmorethanit2_Wei

2、ghingmyselfeverydaycausedmetoshiftmyfocusfrombeinggenerallyhealthyandphysicallyactive,tofocusing3onthescale.Thatwascounterproductivetomyoverallfitnessgoals.Ihadgainedweightintheformofmusclemass,butthinkingonlyof4thenumberonthescale,Ialteredmytrainingprogram.ThatconflictedwithhowIneededtotrainto5mygo

3、als.Ialsofoundweighingmyselfdailydidnotprovideanaccurate_6ofthehardworkandprogressIwasmakinginthegym.Ittakesaboutthreeweekstoamonthtonoticesignificantchangesinweight7alteringyourtrainingprogram.Themost8changeswillbeobservedinskilllevel,strengthandincheslost.Forthese9,Istoppedweighingmyselfeverydayan

4、dswitchedtoabimonthlyweighingschedule10.Sinceweightlossisnotmygoal,itislessimportantformeto11myweighteachweek.Weighingeveryotherweekallowsmetoobserveand12anysignificantweightchanges.ThattellsmewhetherIneedto13mytrainingprogram.Ialsousemybimonthlyweigh-in14toprovideinformationaboutmynutritionaswell.I

5、fmytrainingintensityremainsthesame,butI'm1(5bnstantlydroppingweight,thisisa16thatIneedtoincreasemydailycaloricintake.The17tostopweighingmyselfeverydayhasdonewondersformyoverallhealth,fitnessandwell-being.IamexperiencingincreasedzealforworkingoutsinceInolongercarrytheburdenofa18morningweigh-in.I&

6、#39;valsoexperiencedgreatersuccessinachievingmyspecificfitnessgoals,19I'mtrainingaccordingtothosegoals,insteadofnumbers)nascale.Ratherthan20overthescale,turnyourfocustohowyoulook,feel,howyourclothesfitandyouroverallenergylevel.1.A.ThereforeB.OtherwiseC.HoweverD.Besides2.A.caresB.warnsC.reducesD.

7、helps3.A.solelyB.occasionallyC.formallyD.initially4.A.loweringB.explainingC.acceptingD.recording5.A.setB.reviewC.reachD.modify6.A.depictionB.distributionC.predictionD.definition7.A.regardlessofB.asidefromC.alongwithD.dueto8.A.rigidB.preciseC.immediateD.orderly9.A.judgmentsB.reasonsC.methodsD.claims1

8、0.A.thoughB.againC.indeedD.instead11.A.trackB.overlookC.concealD.report12.A.approveofB.holdontoC.accountforD.dependon13.A.shareB.adjustC.confirmD.prepare14.A.featuresB.rulesC.testsD.results15.A.anxiousB.hungryC.sickD.bored16.A.secretB.beliefC.signD.principle17.A.necessityB.decisionC.wishD.request18.

9、A.surprisingB.restrictingC.consumingD.disappointing19.A.becauseB.unlessC.untilD.if20.A.dominatingB.puzzlingC.triumphingD.obsessingSectionIIReadingcomprehensionPartADirection:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.Markyouransweronanswersheet.(40points)Text1Unlikes

10、o-calledbasicemotionssuchassadness,fear,andanger,guiltemergesalittlelater,inconjunctionwithachild'sgrowinggraspofsocialandmoralnorms.Childrenaren'tbornknowinghowtosay"I'msorry”;rather,theylearnovertimethatsuchstatementsappeaseparentsandfriendsandtheirownconsciences.Thisiswhyresearch

11、ersgenerallyregardso-calledmoralguilt,intherightamount,tobeagoodthing.Inthepopularimagination,ofcourse,guiltstillgetsabadrap.Itisdeeplyuncomfortableit'stheemotionalequivalentofwearingajacketweightedwithstones.Yetthisunderstandingisoutdated."Therehasbeenakindofrevivalorarethinkingaboutwhatgu

12、iltisandwhatroleguiltcanserve,"saysAmrishaVaish,apsychologyresearcherattheUniversityofVirginia,addingthatthisrevivalispartofalargerrecognitionthatemotionsaren'tbinary一feelingsthatmaybeadvantageousinonecontextmaybeharmfulinanother.Jealousyandanger,forexample,mayhaveevolvedtoalertustoimportan

13、tinequalities.Toomuchhappinesscanbedestructive.Andguilt,bypromptingustothinkmoredeeplyaboutourgoodness,canencouragehumanstomakeupforerrorsandfixrelationships.Guilt,inotherwords,canhelpholdacooperativespeciestogether.Itisakindofsocialglue.Viewedinthislight,guiltisanopportunity.WorkbyTinaMalti,apsycho

14、logyprofessorattheUniversityofToronto,suggeststhatguiltmaycompensateforanemotionaldeficiency.Inanumberofstudies,Maltiandothershaveshownthatguiltandsympathymayrepresentdifferentpathwaystocooperationandsharing.Somekidswhoarelowinsympathymaymakeupforthatshortfallbyexperiencingmoreguilt,whichcanreininth

15、eirnastierimpulses.Andviceversa:Highsympathycansubstituteforlowguilt.Ina2014study,forexample,Maltilookedat244children.Usingcaregiverassessmentsandthechildrenbelf-observations,sheratedeachchild'soverallsympathylevelandhisorhertendencytofeelnegativeemotionsaftermoraltransgressions.Thenthekidswereh

16、andedchocolatecoins,andgivenachancetosharethemwithananonymouschild.Forthelow-sympathykids,howmuchtheysharedappearedtoturnonhowinclinedtheyweretofeelguilty.Theguilt-proneonessharedmore,eventhoughtheyhadn'tmagicallybecomemoresympathetictotheotherchild'sdeprivation.21. "That'sgoodnews,

17、"Maltisays."Wecanbeprosocialbecausewecausedharmandwefeelregret."ResearchersthinkthatguiltcanbeagoodthingbecauseitmayhelpA.fosterachild'sieveropmentB.regulateachild，enfoasinsC.improveachild'sintelleabuayD.intensifyachild'sfeosirtge22. Accordingtoparagraph2,manypeoplestillco

18、nsiderguilttobeinexcusabledeceptiveaddictiveburdensomeVaishholdthattherethinkingaboutguiltcomesfromanawarenessthatemotionsarecontext-independentanemotioncanplayopposingrolesemotionsaresociallyconstructiveemotionalstabilitycanbenefithealthMaltiandothershaveshownthatcooperationandsharing.B. Amayhelpco

19、rrectemotionaldeficienciescanbringaboutemotionalsatisfactioncanresultfromeithersympathyorguiltmaybetheoutcomeofimpulsiveacts23. Theword"transgressions"(line4para5)isclosestinmeaningto.wrongdoingsdiscussionsrestrictionsteachingsText2Forestsgiveusshade,quietandoneoftheharderchallengesinthefi

20、ghtagainstclimatechange.Evenaswehumanscountonforeststosoakupagoodshareofthecarbondioxideweproduce,wearethreateningtheirabilitytodoso.Theclimatechangewearehasteningcouldonedayleaveuswithforeststhatemitmorecarbonthantheyabsorb.Thankfully,thereisawayoutofthistrapbutitinvolvesstrikingasubtlebalance.Help

21、ingforestsflourishasvaluable"carbonsinks"longintothefuturemayrequirereducingtheircapacitytosequestercarbonnow.Californiaisleadingtheway,asitdoesonsomanyclimateefforts,infiguringoutthedetails.Thestate'sproposedForestCarbonPlanaimstodoubleeffortstothinoutyoungtreesandclearbrushinpartsoft

22、heforest,includingbycontrolledburning.Thistemporarilylowerscarbon-carryingcapacity.Buttheremainingtreesdrawagreatershareoftheavailablemoisture,sotheygrowandthrive,restoringtheforest'scapacitytopullcarbonfromtheair.Healthytreesarealsobetterabletofendoffbarkbeetles.Thelandscapeisrenderedlesscombus

23、tible.Evenintheeventofafire,fewertreesareconsumed.Theneedforsuchplanningisincreasinglyurgent.Already,since2010,droughtandbeetleshavekilledmorethan100milliontreesinCalifornia,mostofthemin2016alone,andwildfireshavescorchedhundredsofthousandsofacres.California'splanenvisionstreating35,000acresoffor

24、estayearby2020,and60,000by2030financedfromtheproceedsofthestate'semissions-permitauctions.That'sonlyasmallshareofthetotalacreagethatcouldbenefit,anestimatedhalfamillionacresinall,soitwillbeimportanttoprioritizeareasatgreatestriskoffireordrought.Thestrategyalsoaimstoensurethatcarboninwoodymat

25、erialremovedfromtheforestsislockedawayintheformofsolidlumber,burnedasbiofuelinvehiclesthatwouldotherwiserunonfossilfuels,orusedincompostoranimalfeed.Newresearchontransportationbiofuelsisunderway,andthestateplanstoencouragelumberproductionclosetoforestlands.Infuturethestateproposestotakeaninventoryof

26、itsforests'carbon-storingcapacityeveryfiveyears.Stategovernmentsarewellaccustomedtomanagingforests,includingthoseownedbytheU.S.ForestService,buttraditionallythey'vefocusedonwildlife,watershedsandopportunitiesforrecreation.Onlyrecentlyhavetheycometoseethevitalpartforestswillhavetoplayinstorin

27、gcarbon.California'splan,whichisexpectedtobefinalizedbythegovernorearlynextyear,shouldserveasamodel.A. "Oneoftheharderchallengesimplies二_globalclimatechangemaygetoutofcontrolforestsmaybecomeapotentialthreatpeoplemaymisunderstandglobalwarmingextremeweatherconditionsmayariseTomaintainforestsa

28、svaluable"carbonsinks",wemayneedto_preservediversityofspecieslowertheirpresentcarbon-absorbingcapacityacceleratethegrowthofyoungtreesstrikeabalanceamongdifferentplantsCalifornia'sForestCarbonPlanendeavorstorestoreitsforestsquicklyafterwildfires.B. cultivatemoredroughtresistanttrees.24.

29、 findmoreeffectivewaystokillinsectsreducethedensityofsomeofitsforestsWhatisessentialtoCalifornia'splanaccordingtoPara.5?ToobtainenoughfinancialsupportTocarryitoutbefore2020TohandletheareasintheseriousdangerfirstToperfecttheemission-permitauctionsTheauthor'sattitudetowardCalifornia'splanc

30、anbebestdescribedassupportiveambiguoustolerantcautiousText3Americanfarmershavebeencomplainingoflaborshortagesforseveralyears.Thecomplaintsareunlikelytostopwithoutanoverhaulofimmigrationrulesforfarmworkers.Congresshasobstructedeffortstocreateamorestraightforwardvisaforagriculturalworkersthatwouldletf

31、oreignworkersstaylongerintheU.S.andchangejobswithintheindustry.Ifthisdoesn'tchange,Americancommunities,andconsumerswillbethelosers.PerhapshalfofU.S.farmlaborersareundocumentedimmigrants.Asfewersuchworkersenterthecountry,thecharacteristicsoftheagriculturalworkforcearechanging.Today'farmlabore

32、rs,whilestillpredominantlyborninMexico,aremorelikelytobesettledratherthanmigratingandmorelikelytobemarriedthansingle.Theyarealsoaging.Atthestartofthiscentury,aboutone-thirdofcropworkerswereovertheageof35.Now,morethanhalfare.Andcroppickingishardonolderbodies.Oneoft-debatedcureforthislaborshortagerema

33、insasimplausibleasit'sbeenallalong:NativeU.S.workerswon'tbereturningtothefarm.Mechanizationisnttheanswereithertyet,atleast.Productionofcorn,cotton,rice,soybeansandwheathasbeenlargelymechanized,butmanyhigh-value,labor-intensivecrops,suchasstrawberries,needlabor.Evendairyfarms,whererobotsdoasm

34、allshareofmilking,havealongwaytogobeforetheyareautomated.Asaresult,farmshavegrownincreasinglyreliantontemporaryguestworkersusingtheH-2Avisatofillthegapsintheagriculturalworkforce.Startingaround2012,requestsforthevisasrosesharply;from2011to2016thenumberofvisasissuedmorethandoubled.TheH-2Avisahasnonum

35、ericalcap,unliketheH-2Bvisafornonagriculturalwork,whichislimitedto66,000annually.Evenso,employersfrequentlycomplainthattheyaren'tgivenalltheworkerstheyneed.Theprocessiscumbersome,expensiveandunreliable.OnesurveyfoundthatbureaucraticdelaysledtheaverageH-2Aworkerstoarriveonthejobanaverageof22daysl

36、ate.Theshortageiscompoundedbyfederalimmigrationraids,whichremovesomeworkersanddriveothersunderground.Ina2012survey,71percentoftree-fruitgrowersandalmost80percentofraisinandberrygrowerssaidtheywereshortoflabor.SomewesternfarmershaverespondedbymovingoperationstoMexico.From1998to2000,14.5percentofthefr

37、uitAmericansconsumedwasimported.Littlemorethanadecadelater,theshareofimportswas25.8percent.Ineffect,theU.S.canimportfoodoritcanimporttheworkerswhopickit.25. Whatproblemshouldbeaddressedaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs?A. DiscriminationagainstforeignworkersintheU.S.B. BiasedlawsinfavorofsomeAmericanb

38、usinesses.26. FlawsinU.S.immigrationrulesforfarmworkersDeclineofjobopportunitiesinU.S.agricultureOnetroublewithU.S.agriculturalworkforceis?27. therisingnumberofillegalimmigrantsthehighmobilityofcropworkersthelackofexperiencedlaborerstheagingofimmigrantfarmworkersWhatisthemuch-arguedsolutionthelabors

39、hortageinU.S.farming?A. Toattractyoungerlaborerstofarmwork.B. TogetnativeU.S.workersbackfarmingTousemorerobotstogrowhigh-valuecropsTostrengthenfinancialsupportforfarmers.28. AgriculturalemployerscomplainabouttheH-2Avisaforits.29. slowgrantingprocedureslimitondurationofstaytightenedrequirementscontro

40、lofannualadmissionsWhichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthistext?A. U.S.AgricultureinDecline?B. ImportFoodorLabor?C. AmericaSavedbyMexico?D. ManpowerVS.Automation?Text4ArnoldSchwarzenegger,DiaMirzaandAdrianGrenierhaveamessageforyou:it'essytobeatplastic.They'repartofabunchofcelebritiessta

41、ringinanewvideoWorldEnvironmentDay-encourageyou,theconsumer,toswapoutyoursingle-usePlasticstaplestocombattheplasticcrisis.Mybiggestconcernwithleavingituptotheindividual,however,isourlimitedsenseofwhatneedstobeachieved.Ontheirown,takingourownbagstothegrocerystoreorquittingplasticstraws,forexample,wil

42、laccomplishlittleandrequireverylittleofus.Theycouldevenbedetrimental,satisfyinganeedtohave"doneourbit"withouteverprogressingontobigger,bolder,moreeffectiveactions-akindof"morallicensing"thatallaysoutconcernsandstopsusdoingmoreandaskingmoreofthoseincharge.Whiletheconversionaroundo

43、urenvironmentandourresponsibilitytowarditremainscenteredonshoppingbagsandstraws,we'regnoringthebalanceofpowerthatimpliesas"consumerswemustshopsustainably,ratherthanas"citizensholdourgovernmentandindustriestoaccounttopushforrealsystemicchange.NowhereinWorldEnvironmentDay2018'skeymes

44、sagesisthereanythingboutvotingforenvironmentallyprogressivepolitician,forexample.Whynot?It'simportanttoacknowledgethattheenvironmentisn'teoeryveemostspriority-people'Weshouldn'etxpectittobe.Inherlatestbook,WhyCouldPeopleDoBadEnvironmentalThings,WellesleyCollegeprofessorElilzabethR.De

45、Sombrearguethatthebestwaytocollectivelychangethebehavioroflargenumbersofpeopleisforthechangetobestructural.Thismightmeanimplementingpolicysuchasaplastictaxthataddsacosttoenvironmentallyproblematicaction,orbanningsingle-useplasticsaltogether.Indiahasjustannounceditwill"eliminateallsingle-useplas

46、ticinthecountryby2022.”Therearealsoincentive-basedwaysofmakingbetterenvironmentalchoiceseasier,suchasensuringrecyclingisatleastaseasyastrashdisposal.DeDombreisn'stayingpeopleshouldstopcaringabouttheenvironment.It'justthatindividualactionsaretoslow,shesays,forthattobeonly,orevenprimary,approa

47、chtochangingwidespreadbehavior.Noneofthisisaboutwritingofftheindividual.It'sjustaboutputtingthingsintoperspective.Wedon'thavetimetowait.Weneedprogressivepoliciesthatshapecollectiveaction(andreininpollutingbusiness),alongsideengagedcitizenspushingforchange.That'snotsomethingwecanbuy.Somec

48、elebritiesstarinanewvideotodemandnewlawsontheuseofplasticsurgeconsumerstocuttheuseofplasticsinvitepublicopinionontheplasticscrisisdisclosethecausesoftheplasticscrisisTheauthorisconcernedthat"moralrticynsing"misleadusintodoingworthlessthingspreventusfrommakingfurthereffortsweakenoursenseofa

49、ccomplishmentsuppressourdesireforsuccessBypointingoutouridentifyas"citizens,"theauththaitidjcatesourfocusshouldbeshiftedtocommunitywelfareourrelationshipwithlocalindustriesisimprovingwehavebeenactivelyexercisingourcivilrightsweshouldpressourgovernmentstoleadthecombatDeDombrearguesthatthebe

50、stwayforacollectivechangeshouldbeawin-winarrangementaself-drivenmechanismacost-effectiveapproachatopdownprocessTheauthorconcludesthatindividualeffortscanbetooaggressivearefarfromsufficientcanbetooinconsistentarefarfromrationalPartBDirections:Readthefollowingtextandchoosethebestanswerfromtherightcolu

51、mntocompleteeachoftheunfinishedstatementsintheleftcolumn.Therearetwoextrachoicesintherightcolumn.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Howseriouslyshouldparenttakekid'sopinionswhensearchingforahome?Inchoosinganewhome,CamilleMcClain'skidshadasingledemand:abackyard.Thatseeminglyreasonabler

52、equestturnedtheChicagofamily'shomehuntupsidedown,asbe.sethereweren'tmanythrseroomapartmentsontheNorthSidewherethefamilywaslookingthatcamewithyardspace.Still,McClainandherhusbandchosetohonortheir4-and6-year-old'srequest."Weworkedwithafewapartmentbrokers,anditwasstrangethatmanyofthemd

53、idnknowiftherewasoutdoorspace,sothey'dbringustoanapartment,we'dseethatitdidnyard,andwe'dmoveon,"saidMcClain,whorunsMerryMusicMakersinLakeviusinessfocusedonmusiceducationforchildren.McClain'slittleonesaren'ttheonlykidswhohaveanopinionwhenitcomestohousing,andinmanycasesyoungst

54、ersviewsweighheavilyonparents'realestatedecisions,accordingtoa2018HarrisPollsurveyofmorethan2,000U.S.adults.Renterspaidattentiontotheirkids'preferencesevenmore:83percentsaidtheirchildrenopinionswillbeafactorwhentheybuyahome.Theideaofinvolvingchildreninabigdecisionisagreatideabecauseitcanhelp

55、themfeelasenseofcontrolandownershipinwhatcanbeanoverwhelmingprocess,saidRyanHooper,clinicalpsychologistinChicago."Childrenmayfaceseriousdifficultiesincopingwithsignificantmoves,especiallyifitremovesthemfromtheircurrentschoolorsupportsystem,said.Youngerchildrenshouldfeellikethey'rechoosingth

56、eirthomactuallygettingachoiceinthematter,saidAdamBailey,realestateattorneybasedinNewYorkandauthoroftheupcomingchildren'sbook"Home,"aboutthesearchfortheperfecthomefromtheviewpointofachild.Askingthemquestionsaboutwhattheylikeaboutthebackyardofapotentialhomeoraskingthemwheretheirtoyswould

57、gointhehousewillmakethemfeelliketheyrebeingincludedinthedecision-makingprocess,Baileysaid.Manyoftheaspectsofhomebuyingaren'taconsiderationforchildren,saidTraceyHampson,arealestateagentbasedinSantaClarita,Calif.Andplacingtoomuchemphasisontheiropinionscanruinafantastichomepurchase.Shehasaclientwho

58、hasbeenhouse-huntingforawhile,andhealwaysaskshisyoungchildrentheiropinion.Butwhenthisbuyerfinallydecidedtowriteanofferonahomewithapool,hischildrenburstintotearsbecausetheydidn'twantapool."Theyendedupnotsubmittinganoffer,Hampsonsaid."Sospeakingwithyourchildrentbasethepurchasingdecisions

59、olelybeforeyoumakearealestatedecisioniswise,butIwouldnontheiropinions.TheotherissueisthatmanychildrenespeciallyolderonesmaybasetheirrealestateknowledgeonHGTVshows,whichtendtofocusonsuperficialaspectsofrealestate,saidAaronNorrisofTheNorrisGroupinRiverside,Calif."TheyoveChipandJulieGainesjustasmu

60、chastherestofus,"hesaid."HGTVhasseriouslychangedhowpeopleviewrealestate.It'snotshelter,it'salifestyle.Withthatmindchangecomessomeseriousmoneyconsequences.”Kidstendtogetstuckinthefeaturesandtheimmediatebenefitstothempersonally,Norrissaid.Andwhiletheiropinionsonthoseelementsshouldn'rdignsupreme,the