動(dòng)詞-ing“形式”多樣

1、動(dòng)詞-ing“形式”多樣看一看 請(qǐng)看下列句子，體會(huì)動(dòng)詞-ing形式在各句中的用法。1. He hurried home, looking behind from time to time as he went.2. Having written the letter, I went out to post it. 3. Having been shown around the factory, they returned to school.4. Not knowing what to do next, she stopped to wait. 5. Weather permitting, w

2、ell be going boating tomorrow.講一講 通過(guò)觀察以上5個(gè)句子，我們可以將動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)的用法分別總結(jié)如下：1. 動(dòng)詞-ing形式的一般式：動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，與邏輯主語(yǔ)是“主動(dòng)關(guān)系”，它表示的動(dòng)作和謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。第1句中的動(dòng)詞-ing形式作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，另外，動(dòng)詞-ing形式還可以作時(shí)間、條件、原因或結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。如：Seeing (When he saw) those pictures, he couldnt help thinking of those days in Yanan.（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）當(dāng)他看到那些圖片時(shí)，就禁不住想起了在延安的那些日子。W

3、orking (If you work) hard, you will pass the entrance exam.（條件狀語(yǔ)）如果你努力學(xué)習(xí)，你就會(huì)通過(guò)入學(xué)考試。Seeing (Because she saw) nobody at home, she decided to leave them a note.（原因狀語(yǔ)）因?yàn)榭匆?jiàn)家里沒(méi)人，她決定給他們留一張便條。The road is under construction, causing (and thus caused) the delay.（結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)）道路正在建設(shè)中，因此造成了延誤。2. 動(dòng)詞-ing形式的完成式：如果動(dòng)詞-ing形式

4、表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作之前，就要用動(dòng)詞-ing形式的完成式，即having done。此時(shí)的動(dòng)詞-ing形式一般在句中作時(shí)間或原因狀語(yǔ)。如：Having got our tickets, we drove to the airport to board the plane.（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）買(mǎi)到機(jī)票之后，我們就開(kāi)車(chē)到機(jī)場(chǎng)登機(jī)。Having been ill for two weeks, she felt rather weak.（原因狀語(yǔ)） 由于病了兩周，她感到身體很虛弱。3. 動(dòng)詞-ing形式的被動(dòng)式：用作狀語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞-ing形式和邏輯主語(yǔ)是“被動(dòng)關(guān)系”時(shí)，用動(dòng)詞-ing形式的被動(dòng)式，即be

5、ing done或having been done。如：Having been invited to speak, Ill start making preparations tomorrow.已經(jīng)被邀請(qǐng)發(fā)表講話，我明天開(kāi)始做些準(zhǔn)備。4. 動(dòng)詞-ing形式的否定式：為了表達(dá)動(dòng)詞-ing形式的否定意義，須在動(dòng)詞-ing形式的前面加not。如：Not having finished the homework, the pupil doesnt dare to go to school. 由于還沒(méi)有完成作業(yè)，這個(gè)學(xué)生不敢去上學(xué)。5. 動(dòng)詞-ing形式的邏輯主語(yǔ)：動(dòng)詞-ing形式之前可以有自己的邏輯主

6、語(yǔ)，稱之為“獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)”，這類邏輯主語(yǔ)常由名詞或代詞來(lái)充當(dāng)。如：All the money having been spent, we started looking for job. 所有的錢(qián)都已經(jīng)被花完了，我們開(kāi)始找工作。 此外，還有一點(diǎn)需要注意：有的動(dòng)詞-ing形式在句中沒(méi)有邏輯主語(yǔ)，且大多是一些固定用法。這類特殊的單詞或短語(yǔ)有：regarding（關(guān)于），considering（考慮到），supposing（假定），taking . into consideration（考慮到），judging by / from（從判斷），generally speaking（一般說(shuō)來(lái)），allowi

7、ng for（考慮到）等。如：He did poorly in his examinations, considering how hard he had studied for them. 考慮到他學(xué)習(xí)的努力程度，他這次考試考得確實(shí)太差了。Generally speaking, boys are more interested in such activities than girls.一般說(shuō)來(lái)，男孩對(duì)這樣的活動(dòng)比女孩更有興趣。練一練 將下列句子翻譯成英語(yǔ)。1. 送孩子們上學(xué)之后，她就準(zhǔn)備去上班。2. 找到旅館之后，他們就開(kāi)始找餐館。3. 由于沒(méi)收到回音，我決定再給他寫(xiě)一封信。Key:1. Having sent the children to school, she got ready to go to work.2. Having foun