新型聚合反應(yīng)微乳1綜述

1、n n n nnThe application ofMicroemulsionsMicroemulsions and and Micelles Micelles傳統(tǒng)乳液的定義是珠滴直徑在100010000納米范圍內(nèi)，也有定義為大于100納米的不透明非熱力學(xué)穩(wěn)定體系。常規(guī)聚合物乳液的粒徑在100500納米范圍內(nèi)，而聚合微乳液的分散相珠滴直徑在10100納米范圍內(nèi)。而納米粒子是指粒度在1100納米之間的粒子，因此，微乳液也稱為納米乳液。納米乳液區(qū)別于傳統(tǒng)乳液的一個(gè)顯著特征是，納米乳液結(jié)構(gòu)的可變性。傳統(tǒng)的乳液基本上可分為WO（油包水）型和OW（水包油）型兩種，納米乳液則可以連續(xù)地從WO型結(jié)構(gòu)向OW型

2、結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)變。Nanoemulsion： ：納米乳液納米乳液聚合物乳液是一種高分子材料，是水性涂料的基料。 隨著人們環(huán)保意識(shí)的不斷提高和環(huán)保法規(guī)的日趨嚴(yán)格，水性涂料將成為21世紀(jì)世界涂料市場(chǎng)的主角，目前在我國也擁有巨大的市場(chǎng)。據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計(jì)，我國工業(yè)涂料的年需求量在170萬噸左右，其中可由水性工業(yè)防腐涂料替代的達(dá)100萬噸，廣泛應(yīng)用在石油、化工、汽車、火車、船舶、冶金、五金交電、電力、建筑等各個(gè)領(lǐng)域。而目前這些領(lǐng)域所使用的幾乎全部為溶劑型涂料，每年的有機(jī)溶劑揮發(fā)量達(dá)80萬噸，資源浪費(fèi)約合人民幣30多億元，不僅帶來了巨大的環(huán)境危害，也浪費(fèi)了大量的資源。如果用水性工業(yè)涂料替代傳統(tǒng)涂料用量的13，將可節(jié)省

3、資源浪費(fèi)價(jià)值10億元。國產(chǎn)水性工業(yè)涂料的開發(fā)成功與推廣，不僅具有極好的環(huán)境效益，也將具有巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。涂涂 料料以（聚氧乙烯大單體、）丙烯酰胺、陽離子單體和雙丙烯酰胺為單體，采用反相微乳液四元共聚合制備新型陽離子聚丙烯酰胺納米微粒。主要研究了各種反應(yīng)條件（如原料配比、引發(fā)體系、乳化體系等）對(duì)產(chǎn)物結(jié)構(gòu)、絮凝（助留）性能的影響以及新型微粒絮凝體系的絮凝作用機(jī)理。微乳液核殼結(jié)構(gòu)微乳液核殼結(jié)構(gòu)Este Lauders Hydra Complete Multi-Level moisture eye gel creme is said to continuously deliver moisture t

4、o the skin. 化妝品方面應(yīng)用化妝品方面應(yīng)用： ：Drug delivery system由微小細(xì)囊包裹的維生素A及E，涂抹時(shí)才由小囊釋放出來與維生素C結(jié)合，幫助皮膚抵御環(huán)境傷害,竹苗精華及麥胚油可使肌膚柔嫩光滑，防曬系數(shù)SPF15可隔離陽光，達(dá)到保護(hù)效果。The majority of 2-in-1 shampoos are based on insoluble silicone compounds suspended in an opacified shampoo, trimethylsilylamodimethicone may be used to prepare clear

5、shampoo. It is available as a microemulsion with octoxynol-40, isolaureth-6 and glycerine and is readily dispersed in aqueous systems including shampoos and pump-spray conditioning mists. 護(hù)發(fā)品護(hù)發(fā)品The use of a nanoemulsion to deliver either recombinant proteins or inactivated organisms to a mucosal sur

6、face to produce an immune response has been demonstrated by Dr. James R. Baker, Jr. at the University of Michigan, School of Medicine. DescriptionThe nanoemulsion causes proteins applied to the mucosal surface to be adjuvanted, and it facilitates uptake by antigen presenting cells. Animals can be pr

7、otected against influenza ：after mucosal exposure to the virus mixed with theemulsion. Animals develop significant responses to HIV ：exposed to recombinant gp120 in nanoemulsion on their nasal mucosa. Additional research is ongoing to complete the proof of concept in animal trials for other vaccines

8、 including Hepatitis B and Anthrax. 粘膜疫苗生物方面應(yīng)用生物方面應(yīng)用納米乳液粘膜疫苗功效納米乳液粘膜疫苗功效The charts below show the efficacy of nanoemulsion musocal vaccines against virus: Immune Responses to Virus in Emulsion Pretreated AnimalsFigure 1: Bronchial IgG Anti-Influenza A Titer in Mice “Vaccinated” with Two Intranasal D

9、oses of Various Compounds納米乳液抗菌性能CO2 microemulsions CO2 is environmentally benign, non-toxic, and is the second least expensive solvent available, next to water. Its use by industry has been limited because, by itself, it will dissolve only a small number of compounds having low polarity and low mol

10、ecular weight A microemulsion overcomes the major limitations of CO2 or other supercritical fluids by making it possible to dissolve highly polar, ionic, high molecular weight species. use of an environmentally benign, low cost solvent, with greatly reduced energy costs through efficient separations and reactions and through the minimization or elimination waste new solvent for a broad range of industrial reaction