2017年高考英語短文改錯解題技巧

1、高考英語短文改錯解題技巧考點1.名詞命題特點:本來用復(fù)數(shù),卻用單數(shù).改正方法:(1)根據(jù)名詞前的修飾限定成份;(2)根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系. 詳解：1.She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success.2. After class we become stranger at once.3. They want me to devote all my time to my studies so that Ill get marks in all my subject.4. On the way up I was busy takin

2、g picture since the scenery was so beautiful.5. There are advantage for students to work while studying at school.6. He had no ideas that the kitchen was not for guests.7. I looked at his other hands. 考點2.代詞命題特點：1.女性代詞指代男性或相反；2.單數(shù)指代復(fù)數(shù)；3.代詞詞性誤用。改正方法：聯(lián)系上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。代詞的錯誤特點：1.人稱代詞的偷換錯誤 2. 缺少人稱代詞的錯誤3. 人稱代詞數(shù)

3、的一致問題4. 人稱代詞格的一致問題詳解：8.The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.9.I have a good friend whos name is Liu Mei. 10.It was about noon when we arrived at the foot of the mountain. The three of them were very excited. 11.Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as Iwas learning to express m

4、e in simple English . 12.One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher . 13.Some students may also save up for our college or future use .14.I took it in me and we walked. 考點3.介詞命題特點及改正方法：介詞涉及搭配錯誤，因此可從以下方面確定錯誤：1）介詞的基本用法；2）習(xí)慣搭配；3）動詞詞類確定錯誤，如talk, serve, wait等。介詞的錯誤：介詞短語常?？迹潭ù钆湟浝?。介詞后邊跟賓語，結(jié)合

5、語境細(xì)推敲。詳解：15.We do not seem to get much time to talk about together.16.I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow.17.The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English.18.Well talk with our plan for the weekend over di

6、nner.19.I am writing to thank you with your kind help. 20.He was looking for a glass the cupboard. 21.Each these lines stands for a trouble in my life. 考點4時態(tài)命題特點及改正方法：現(xiàn)在時與過去時的誤用，句中一般沒有時間狀語。每年都考。要注意聯(lián)系上下文，著眼于整個語篇的時態(tài)。通常整篇都是過去，突然一個句子用現(xiàn)在時。其中又以一般現(xiàn)在時和過去時互改為多。詳解：22.They did not want me to do any work a

7、t home; they want me to devote all my time to my studies so that-23.The time passes quickly. Evening came.24.She liked it very much and reads it to the class.25.I dont know that they dont like to talk with me.Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class.26.I will write again and send you th

8、e photos we take together.27.We had guests last night who have not stayed in a B&B hotel ago.考點5.andbutor誤用及前后不一致命題特點：主要考查and、or、but、so等并列連詞的誤用。 However與although/though不能同時出現(xiàn)改正方法；1）根據(jù)句意確定誤；2）根據(jù)句子的邏輯關(guān)系確定錯誤。詳解：28. She is smiling at me but nodding at me.29.It looks as if my parents treat me as a vi

9、sitor and a guest.30.The food was expensive and the service was good.31.I came into the living room and saw one of them jus tgo through the kitchen door but turn on the light.32.We fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.33.She liked it very much and reads it to the class.考點6.從句連詞命題特點及改正方法：句子

10、結(jié)構(gòu)方面的錯誤主要涉及句子成份和復(fù)合句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞等。解答這類題從以下方面來思考：1）句子結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整，成份是否冗缺；2）復(fù)合句中從句的關(guān)系詞或引導(dǎo)詞的運用是否得當(dāng)?shù)?。平行結(jié)構(gòu)常使用等立連詞and,but, or或連詞詞組not onlybut also, eitheror,neithernor遵循就近原則。主語+With,together with,as well as,besides，動詞與主語一致and，but,or,also 前后動詞時態(tài)不一致。(具有對稱性） 詳解：34.It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain. 3

11、5.I dont know that they dont like to talk with me.36.The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate everything into English.37.What things are in other homes, I wonder.38.Earning their own money allows them to spend on anything as if they please.39.They did not want

12、breakfast because that they were going out early in the morning.考點7.冠詞命題特點及改正方法：英語中冠詞只有三個，只能從以下幾個方向出題：1）不定冠詞a和an互改；2）不定冠詞a或an和定冠詞the互改；3）根據(jù)需要增刪冠詞。詳解：40.As everyone knows, its famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. 41.We may be one family and live under a same roof, but-42.On Thursday

13、I will have to decide what I want to doover a weekend.43.I hope youve had pleasant journey home 考點8.形容詞和副詞命題特點及改正方法：主要考查形容詞和副詞的誤用、形容詞及副詞的比較級等。1）根據(jù)adj.或adv.的基本用法確定錯誤；2）修飾連系動詞或名詞用形容詞；3）修飾行為動詞、形容詞、過去分詞及整個句子用副詞。詳解：44.I would describe myself as shy and quietly.45.There have been reports in America about

14、people trying to steal person information for bad purposes.46.Finding information on the Net is easily.47.So what I learned from the job was much more important as what I earned.48.My pronunciation was terribly .49.They came back lately and had some tea.考點9.非謂語動詞命題特點改正方法：1）謂語動詞和非謂語動詞的錯用；2）動詞不定式和動名詞的

15、錯用；3）現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的錯用等。詳解：50.Earning their own money allow them to spend on anything as they please.51.My parents will do all they can make sure that I get a good education. 52.Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to express myself in simple English. 53.We fed monkeys, visitin

16、g temples and told stories. 54.Some students may also to save up for our college or future use.短文改錯口訣動詞形，名詞數(shù)，還要注意形和副；非謂語，細(xì)辨別，習(xí)慣用法要記??；句子成分多分析，邏輯錯誤須關(guān)注；冠詞連詞常光顧詳解：一、動詞形：主要包括兩類錯誤：動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)錯誤，以及主、謂不一致的錯誤。動詞形常見錯誤：1） 一般過去時與一般 現(xiàn)在時錯用。2）第三人稱單數(shù)形式錯用。 第三人稱單數(shù)：Is/was2） and，but,or,also 前后動詞時態(tài)不一致。(具有對稱性） 4） 主謂不一致。5） 缺

17、少謂語動詞 1.主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu) 缺少be動詞2、主系表結(jié)構(gòu)（am/is/are/was/were）6） 主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)錯用 wash-is washed7）Used to 的運用錯誤 二、名詞數(shù)：指名詞單、復(fù)數(shù)形式的用法錯誤。常表現(xiàn)為將名詞復(fù)數(shù)寫成單數(shù)。改正方法：）根據(jù)名詞前的修飾限定成份）根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系三、還要注意形和副：注意形容詞和副詞在句子中的作用和具體用法。這也是高考短文改錯題的?？键c。命題特點及改正方法：主要考查形容詞和副詞的誤用、形容詞及副詞的比較級等。根據(jù)adj或adv的基本用法確定錯誤；修飾系動詞(am/is/are/was/were)或名詞用形容詞；修飾行為動詞、形容詞

18、、過去分詞及整個句子用副詞。四、非謂語，細(xì)辨別：這是考查最多的錯誤形式之一。主要有現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞，動名詞和不定式錯誤。1）不定式to do2）動名詞doing作主語、賓語3）and 連接的不定式或動名詞前后一致（尤其距離較遠(yuǎn)時） 4）現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的區(qū)別等五、習(xí)慣用法要記?。褐饕疾榱?xí)慣搭配方面的基礎(chǔ)知識，其錯誤表現(xiàn)形式主要有三種：多詞、少詞和搭配錯誤。六、句子成分多分析：不同的句子成分要用不同的詞類；不同的語境要選擇不同的詞語。只有對句子結(jié)構(gòu)和成分作細(xì)致的分析，才能找出用詞不當(dāng)?shù)腻e誤。七、邏輯錯誤須關(guān)注：與句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，屬于邏輯性錯誤，如稱謂上的張冠李戴。八、冠詞

19、連詞常光顧：常考的錯誤形式有：連詞but， and， or和so的用法錯誤，以及冠詞的用法錯誤等。 四不改:標(biāo)點符號不改。大小寫不改。詞序錯誤不改（不是不改，而是按錯詞或少詞來改)。在綱外生詞不改。文中出現(xiàn)帶漢語注釋的詞，在句中不可能用錯答案1（schoolmate改為schoolmates）2（stranger改為strangers）3（subject改為subjects）4（picture改為pictures）5（advantage改為advantages）6（ideas改為idea）7（hands改為hand）8(his改為their) 9( whos改為whose)10（th

20、em改為us）11（me改為myself）12（showed后加it）13（our改為their）14（me改為mine）15去掉about）16. （去掉at）17（去掉was后的in）18（with改為about）19（with改為for）20（glass后加in）21（each后加of）22（did改為do）23（passes改為passed）24（reads改為read）25（talked改為talk）26. （take改為took）27. （have改為had）28.（but改為and）29. （and改為or）30（and改為but）31（but改為and）32（visiting改

21、為visited）33（reads改為read）34（noon后加when）35（that改為why）36（去掉that前的in）37（What改為How）38（去掉if）39（去掉that）40（famous前加a）41（a改為the）42（a改為the）43（had后加a）44（quietly改為quiet）45（person改為personal）46（easily改為easy）47（as改為than）48（terribly改為terrible）49（lately改為late）50（allow改為allows）51（make前加to）52（talk改為talking）53（visiting

22、改為visited）54（去掉to）英語短文改錯（1）(一)When I walked into the classroom, the teacher was handing in the tests.I was feeling very nervous. I had studied at all at the weekendas I had thought it would be easy test. I went through the test for many timesbut I could only answer  three out fro

23、m the twenty questions. I did not want to failthe exam. Then, I put my book under my desk, opening it and started lookingfor the answer. The teacher wasn't looking at me, but I copied something.Suddenly, I felt a hand on my shoulder! The teacher caught me cheating. I don'tknow

24、 what to say. Luckily, the teacher did not punish for cheating but insteadgave me a second chance.（二）I have a good friend whos name is Liu Mei. She is our monitor and one ofthe excellent students in our class.  Clever as she is, but she words very hard.We have a lot on commo

25、n and have a lot to talk .One evening she told methat something happened when her parents was out. She was doing her homeworksone Sunday morning when she smelt something burning. She stopped look outof the window and find a cloud of smoke coming out of her neighbors house .She called 119 i

26、mmediate. Ten minutes later, the firemen came and put out fire.Her neighbor was very thankful for her help.（三）I often dream of a teacher, I dream of standing on the platform in the classroomand give lessons to lovely boys and girls . I teach them, play with them, but watch themgrowing up.

27、I am always young when I was staying with them. I know there isnot easy to be a teacher. You have to learn in order to teach. Without enough knowledges,you can never learn well .What is more , you have to be friends with your pupils andtake good care of him. Only in this way can you be goo

28、d teacher and win respect from them. Though I am a student now, I will work as very hard to make my dream come true.（四）It is a pleasure for me to write this letter to tell how much I enjoyed my stayin your whole family last week. This was my first visit to a English family.At first, I was worri

29、ed about my poor English. And when I saw your wifeand children waiting for me with warm smile of welcome on their faces.I immediately knew that everything would be all right. There are many morehappy memories of the week that I will keep them with me forever. I particularlyenjoyed driving throu

30、gh the countryside with you and saw the changing colorsof the leaves on the trees. I also like the fishing trip. It was such much fun.（五）I still remember my middle school life in Tianjin yet. I was then in a schoolfor students from Tibet. As we were all left home at early age, we met lots

31、ofproblems in our daily life. We had to do the washing, cleaning and shopping by us.However, we seldom felt lonely or helplessly. We enjoyed our happy life. At weekends,we would play basketball, swimming in the pool, or go for a picnic. We were living in a bigfamily. We treat each other as brot

32、hers and sisters. If any one of you had any difficultyin our life and study, the other would help him out. It has been five years when we graduated,but those memories are as sweet as ever before.（六）During the summer of 2001, I started read books in English, mostly stories.I would learn a l

33、ot of new words from these books, but I had terribly problemsmemorizing them. I had to look up to the same word many times, for which wasquite troublesome. I realized I do need a way to remember all this vocabulary.It was a great achievement for myself. I started writing down words fr

34、om booksthat I read. I would come back from school, and then sit for an hour and two.I wrote down new words and added it to my collection. By the end of last year,my collection has grown to 3,000 words.（七）This is a story told by my father: “When I was boy,   the most exciting thi

35、ngwas when to celebrate the Spring Festival. My grandma was the best cookerin the world but could make the most delicious dishes. One time, I just couldntwait for the Spring Festival dinner. As I was about take a piece from a cookedduck, I saw Grandma in the kitchen looking at me. Sha

36、ke her head, she said,It isn't a good time to do that, dear. At once I apologize and controlled meat my best till the dinner started. You know, that was a dinner we had waitedfor several month.”（八）There are advantage for students to work while study at school.One of them was that&

37、#160;they can earn money. For the most part,students working to earn money for their own use. Earning theirown money allow them to spend on anything as if they please.They would have to ask their parents for money or for permissionto do things by  the money. Some students may als

38、o to saveup for our college or future use.（九）Dear Mr. Brown ,I am writing to thank you with your kind help.  Before you came to teach us,I had not interest in English. My pronunciation was terribly. I couldonly speak a few words. But one and a half year later. I now think English

39、fun to learn. I got a lot of from your encouraging words. I will always rememberwhat you said, “If you try to ,you can be No. 1!” I hope youve had pleasantjourney home and will come to China again sometimes in the future. I willwrite again and send you the photos we take together

40、.Yours sincerely, Li Min（十）Dear friends,It is real a good chance to have met all of you here. We have spent severalprecious weekend in learning in the English Club. Although we have beenmember for a short period of time, we have made a great progress. That isbecause we are all very mu

41、ch active and the activities are not only enjoyableand also helpful, Besides, the foreign teachers here work hard and try his best tomake the activities lively and interested. I am very pleased to say that all ofus greatly improved our spoken English so far. I am looking forward to see allof you aga

42、in in the near future!Thank you.專練1答案（1）第一行：in改為out  第二行：had后加not 第三行：easy前加an；去掉for 第四行：from改為of  第五行：opening改為opened； answer改為answers  第六行：but改為so  第七行：dont改為didnt  第八行：punish后加me          （2）第一行：whos改為whose . 第二行：去but 第三行：on改為in ；talk后加about第四行：was改為were；homeworks改為homework 第五行：stopped后加to 第六行：find改為found第七行：immediate改為immediately 第八行：去掉the（3）第一行：dream后加being/becoming第二行：give改為giving；but改為and  第三行：was改為am ；there改為it  第四行：know