過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ) 作狀語(yǔ)

1、過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ) 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言所特有的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象。其中在學(xué)習(xí)分詞的過(guò)程中應(yīng)該明確，在大多數(shù)情況下分詞只是從句的一種省略形式，目的在于使語(yǔ)言更為簡(jiǎn)練，尤其在書面語(yǔ)中。所以無(wú)論是現(xiàn)在分詞、還是過(guò)去分詞都與從句的主動(dòng)、被動(dòng)、時(shí)態(tài)有著密切的關(guān)系。過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)在句中作狀語(yǔ)可表示原因、時(shí)間、讓步、條件、方式或伴隨等。例如：1.Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents.受到鄰居們的表?yè)P(yáng)，他成為父母的驕傲。（表示原因）2. Once seen, it can never be forgotten.一旦它被看見(jiàn)，人們就忘不

2、了。（表示時(shí)間）3.Seen from the top of the castle, the park looks very beautiful. （表示條件）從城堡頂端看，公園十分美麗4.Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to entered the cave.雖然被告之有危險(xiǎn)，他仍然冒生命危險(xiǎn)進(jìn)山洞。（表示讓步）5.Filled with hopes and fears, he dived deep into the ocean.（表示伴隨） 心中充滿了希望與恐懼，他跳進(jìn)了深海里。在使用過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí), 為了體現(xiàn)上下兩

3、部分(句子層面)的邏輯關(guān)系, 句子中常出現(xiàn)過(guò)去分詞和連詞的連帶使用,比如例2和例4那樣的結(jié)構(gòu). 通過(guò)眾多例句分析, 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)以下幾種情形：一、 句子的主語(yǔ)與作狀語(yǔ)用的過(guò)去分詞之間在邏輯上是被動(dòng)的關(guān)系例：_ by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm .（2004，遼寧）AAttracting BAttracted C. To be attracted DHaving attracted分析：答案為B。句子的主語(yǔ)與作狀語(yǔ)用的過(guò)去分詞之間在邏輯上

4、是被動(dòng)的關(guān)系。可以把狀語(yǔ)部分轉(zhuǎn)換為: （As the girl was ）attracted by the beauty of the nature, attracted 表示被動(dòng)意義“被迷住，被吸引”。If they are applied in agriculture, the machines will save farmers much labor. =If applied in agriculture, the machines will save farmers much labor. 如果將這些機(jī)器用于農(nóng)業(yè)，就可以省去農(nóng)民很多勞動(dòng)。注：連詞if，通常保留。二、由一些含be動(dòng)詞的短

5、語(yǔ)或系表結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換來(lái)的。這時(shí)，句子的主語(yǔ)與作狀語(yǔ)用的過(guò)去分詞之間在邏輯上并沒(méi)有被動(dòng)的關(guān)系。學(xué)過(guò)的能夠用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的常見(jiàn)短語(yǔ)有: be interested in ，be disappointed at/in/with， be pleased with，be astonished shocked at，be embarrassed about, be confused puzzled aboutbe frightened terrified of，be scared horrified of，be experienced at be engaged in，be occupied with，be i

6、nvolved in，be addicted to，be accustomed to，be adaptedadjusted to，be used to be related tobe connected to withbe linked tobe associated with be concerned with，be stuckcaught(up)trapped in be covered withbe filled withbe surrounded withby，be faced (up)with be equipped with， be determined to do sthbe d

7、evoted committed to be armed with be furnished withbe seated inbe dressed (up) inbe concerned about be based onbe buried in，be bent on，be focused on ，be concentrated on，be prepared with ，be satisfied withbe upset aboutbe well-known asfortobe designed for be meantintended forbe convinced ofbe sentenc

8、ed tobe amazed surprised atbe disappointed withbe lost in be located in be charged withbe absorbed in be attached tobe ashamed of be mistaken aboutbe compared with 例：_ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.（2005，湖南） A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed 分析：答案為A。可

9、以把狀語(yǔ)部分轉(zhuǎn)換為：When ( he was ) dressed in a white uniform,作狀語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞dressed來(lái)自于“be dressed in” 這個(gè)短語(yǔ)。be dressed in 表穿著的狀態(tài)，如：She is dressed in a blue skirt. 句子的主語(yǔ)he與作狀語(yǔ)用的過(guò)去分詞dressed之間在邏輯上并沒(méi)有被動(dòng)的關(guān)系。例：_ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police（2005，江蘇）A. Having lost B.

10、 Lost C. Being lost D. Losing分析：答案為B。可以把狀語(yǔ)部分轉(zhuǎn)換為: (After the two students were) lost in the mountains for a week,. 作狀語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞lost來(lái)自于“be lost in”迷路，迷失。如：He was lost in the forest. 句子的主語(yǔ)the two students 與作狀語(yǔ)用的過(guò)去分詞lost之間在邏輯上并沒(méi)有被動(dòng)的關(guān)系。三、分詞短語(yǔ)由“while/when/unless/if/once /though/although+ 過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。它們都可以轉(zhuǎn)換成由“whi

11、le/when/unless/if/once /though/although + 主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ) + 過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，這樣，整個(gè)句子就變成了狀語(yǔ)從句。句子的主語(yǔ)與作狀語(yǔ)用的過(guò)去分詞之間在邏輯上是被動(dòng)的關(guān)系。近年來(lái)高考題單項(xiàng)填空題中多次考查了這種用法，值得我們復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)注意。例：The research is so designed that once_ nothing can be done to change it. (2002,廣東) A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun分析：答案為D?？梢园汛司滢D(zhuǎn)換為狀語(yǔ)從句：The researc

12、h is so designed that once (it is )begun nothing can be done to change it.例：Unless_ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. (2003,上海春招) A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited分析：答案為A。可以把狀語(yǔ)部分轉(zhuǎn)換為：Unless (you are) invited to speak,例：Generally speaking, _ according to dir

13、ections, the drug has no side-effect. (2003上海) A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken分析：答案為B。同樣可以把狀語(yǔ)部分轉(zhuǎn)換為：when (the drug is )taken according to directions,你能給出下邊高考題的正確答案并說(shuō)明理由嗎？1. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when _ at the meeting by my boss. A. questioning B. ha

14、ving questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned2. When first _ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.(2004,全國(guó)II)A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced3.When _ help, one often says“Thank you.”or“Its kind of you.”（2005，福建）Aoffering Bto offer Cto be offered D. off

15、ered4. When_, the museum will he open to the public next year. (2002,上海春招)A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed答案：1. C (= when a lie is questioned) 2. B (=When these products were introduced) 3. D (=When one is offered to help) 4. A (=When the museum is completed)四：分詞短語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)

16、詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)出者不是后面句子的主語(yǔ)發(fā)出的，其邏輯主語(yǔ)同句子的主語(yǔ)也不一致， “主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)” 即獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。 作狀語(yǔ)用的分詞，其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須同句中主語(yǔ)為同一人或同一事，如以上所舉的各例。但英語(yǔ)中有一種語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象，那就是當(dāng)分詞有它自己的獨(dú)立主語(yǔ)（不同于句子主語(yǔ)的名詞或代詞）時(shí)，則是一種獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)形式，在句中作狀語(yǔ)等。The test finished, we began our holiday. = When the test was finished, we began our holiday.考試結(jié)束了，我們開(kāi)始放假。（分詞短語(yǔ)中的邏輯主語(yǔ)the test與句子中的主語(yǔ) we不一致，分

17、詞短語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞finished的動(dòng)作發(fā)出者也不是后面句子的主語(yǔ)we發(fā)出的）The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.= After the meeting was gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.會(huì)議結(jié)束后，每個(gè)人都想早點(diǎn)回家。（分詞短語(yǔ)中的邏輯主語(yǔ)the meeting與句子中的主語(yǔ) everyone不一致,分詞短語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞gone over的動(dòng)作發(fā)出者也不是后面句子的主語(yǔ)everyone發(fā)出的）All things considered, I think we

18、ought to take the adventure.= If all things are considered, I think we ought to take the adventure.如果周到地考慮，我們應(yīng)該去冒險(xiǎn)。（分詞短語(yǔ)中的邏輯主語(yǔ)all things與句子中的主語(yǔ) I不一致, 分詞短語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞considered的動(dòng)作發(fā)出者也不是后面句子的主語(yǔ)I發(fā)出的）過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題：1過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)，說(shuō)白了，就是英語(yǔ)中各種狀語(yǔ)從句或并列句的省略。其前提條件是主從句的主語(yǔ)必須保持一致。所以要做到熟練的相互轉(zhuǎn)化，并應(yīng)用到寫作當(dāng)中去。Taught by the two gen

19、tlemen, Eliza made great progress. = As Elisa was taught by the two gentlemen, she made great progress. (When) asked about it, she said she knew nothing. 當(dāng)問(wèn)起她這件事時(shí)，她說(shuō)她不知道。=When she was asked about it, she said she knew nothing.Once educated to speak properly, she could pass herself off in three months as a duchess.= Once that girl was educated to speak properly, that girl could pass herself off in three months as a duchess. 2. 注意過(guò)去分詞形式的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)的