名師解讀高考英語15大語法考綱要點精品整理

1、.名師解讀高考英語15大語法考綱要點精品整理一、情景對話1: 回答 thank you 共5條： Thank you for helping. (Its) my (a) pleasure / Thats all right(OK) / Not at all / You are welcome / Dont mention it.注意： Its my pleasure=Its a pleasure= my pleasure=a pleasure 譯為：不用謝。 特大重點：with pleasure別人請求你的幫助時，回答表示“很樂意效勞” 如1.- Could you be so kind as

2、 to close the window?-_. A. Me, too. B.Yes, please. C. With pleasure. D. Go ahead2.- Would you do me a favor and give me the box?-: .A. Please dont say so B. With pleasure C. No problem D. Yes, thats right2:回答Im sorry 共5條： Im terribly sorry to have kept you waiting for a long time. Forget it /. Not

3、at all / Thats all right/It doesnt matter / Never mind. 3: 回答Do / Would you mind.?1Do you mind if I open the door? No, of couse not / Certainly not / not at all /No, go ahead = if you like2）. Do you mind me using your electronic dictionary?_. Please go ahead.A. Never mind B. Of course not C. Yes, I

4、do D. Thats all right不介意：不用never mind.和I dont mind. 要用：No, of couse not / Certainly not / not at all. / No, go ahead = if you like注意： go ahead= go right ahead, 干吧，用吧，拿吧，說吧，走吧，隨便。如：（1） - Do you mind my smoking here? -No,_.A. me, too. B. a good idea C. you d better not. D. go ahead（2）- III be away for

5、 a summer holiday. Will you mind going with me? -_.A:Ill like it B.No, Im no time C.Not at all D.Yes, of course not介意時：用Sorry, please dont / youd better not. / Id rather you didnt /Yes, I do.4: Why not? 怎么不行？ Lets go there tonight. Why not? = Thats a good idea.如：-How about the two of us chatting onl

6、ione?-_ Its much cheaper than talking on the phone.A. No way B. Why not C. My pleasure D. Go ahead5:回答must固定句型: 1Must I go now? Yes, you must.否定用：No,you neednt / dont have to.6: 別人通過考試或取得成功及好消息用: Congratulations! 告訴別人某人病了或壞消息用：I am sorry to hear that . Tom, My daughter has won the first prize in the

7、 English contest.I cant go with you to go fishing. Has she?_!A Come on B Good luck C all the best D Congratulations7:別人外出旅行或找工作兩答語別人外出旅行時：用 Have a good trip journey / agood time/ have fun.別人外出找工作時：用 have good luck/ good luck 不用 have a good chance.-Do you mind if I join my classmates in hiking this w

8、eeked, mum?-Certainly not._. A Come on B Good luck C My pleasure D Have fun 8: 商店和飯店服務(wù)員的問話商店營業(yè)員：-Can I help you?/ May I help you? Is there anything that I can do for you? What can I do for you?飯店服務(wù)員：May I take your order ,sir?9: It depends.的用法 Would you please go to the cinema? It (all) depends. (看情

9、況吧！)/ That (all) depends.10. Its up to you. (由你決定) -Shall we go to the art exhibition right away? - Its up to you.11: 回答 How are you? 用Fine, / very well, thank you. 回答 How are you doing ?/ How is everything ? 用Not too bad.12:What does he like? (喜歡什么?) What is he like? -What does he like?- He likes s

10、inging. -What is he like? - He is handsome and warm-hearted.13: 表示甲怎么樣，乙也怎么樣，用so + 助動詞 + 主語 He likes dancing, so do I. He will go, so will she. 表示甲不怎么樣，乙也不怎么樣，用neither / nor + 助動詞 + 主語 He doesnt like dancing. Neither / Nor do I. If 甲怎么樣，乙也怎么樣，用so + shall / will + 主語 If he likes singing, so will / sh

11、all I. If甲不怎么樣,乙也不怎么樣,用neither / nor + will / shall+主語 If he doesnt like singing. Neither /Nor will / shall I. 表示甲怎么樣,甲就是這樣,用so + 主語 + 助動詞 It was hot yesterday. So it was.Tom won the first. So he did. 表示甲的多種情況,乙也怎樣,用“萬能句型So it is with + sb ” He likes swimming but he doesnt like singing. So it is wit

12、h her.14:I am afraid so / I am afraid notId like to make an appointment with Doctor smith. Would 9:00 tomorroe be all right?._.Her schedule is full in the morning.A:Yes,shes free then B:Im afraid not (我恐怕不行) C:You must be joking D:Well, it depends15: not really 的用法： 1.- Are you willing to go there?

13、- Not really, I have a lot of homework to do.2.-Was Martin sorry for what hed done? -_.It was just like him!A Not really B. Never mind . C.All right D.Not surprisingly16. shall 和will 的區(qū)別shall 與 will 的區(qū)別主要在于疑問句 shall I. ? shall we？ 和 shall he？ 莫忘shall she？ shall they?問句主語若是you，will /would定排頭。 即：一三人稱用

14、shall; 第二人稱用will.如：1.Shall I open the door? 2. Shall they come in?3. I carry the suitcase for you, madam?Oh, its very kind of you.ANeedBCouldCShall DMust17. take your time ; take it easy; take it seriously的區(qū)別take your time 意思是“不慌，還有時間”；take it easy 放松點；別緊張；take it seriously 把.看的很嚴重如：-Wait a moment p

15、lease. I am getting changed. - _. We still have two house to ge before the concert.A take your time B take it easy C with please D Youer welcome18 .none , no one, nobody, nothing 的區(qū)別 none：沒有人或物，可跟 of nobody=no one： 沒有人，永遠不跟 ofwho問，答 no one；兩 how 要用none； what 用nothing； none 前提過要記清。1.-_ has a computer

16、?-No one . A Who B Which C Whom D How many 2.-Please fetch me some chalk from the box. -But _ in the box , sir. A. nothing B. none C. no one D.nobody 3.-May I have a glass of beer, please?-Beer ? There is _ left, but you can have some orange juice.A. none B. no none C. nothing D. few19.比較級用在否定句cant

17、/ couldnt + 比較級表示不可能更.意思最. 。 -What do you think of the film?-It cant be more interesting .如：1.-Shall I give you a ride as you live so far away?-Thank you. _. A. It couldnt be better. B. Of course you can C. If you like D. Its up to you 2.- Excuse me, Tom? -_? - Can you tell me where is the nearest w

18、ay to the railway station?A. What for B. Yes C. why D. how20. 對人口的提問要用：how large 或what 不能用how many 和 how much -_ is the population of the city of Pingdingshan?- About 3,5000,000A How large B How much C How big D How many21.How is sb ? 對健康狀況提問; What is sb?對職業(yè)提問; Who is sb?對人名、血統(tǒng)關(guān)系提問。-How is your brot

19、her?-Hes fine /very well ./much better. Thanks.22. 隱形過去時的答語：-My uncle will be here to attend a meeting tomorrow.-Oh, I _ that he _ today.A thought; was coming B thought; could come C think; will come D think; would come23. 省略句 to+ v( 原） 為了避免和上句 重復(fù)，to 不能省，動詞省去. -Would you like to go to the cinema ?-

20、Yes , Id love to . to 后若 是be，切記不能省。 eg - Do you want to be a doctor? -I want to be .when, unless, if, until,though, as, even if 等連詞若引導(dǎo)的狀語從句是被動語態(tài)時主語和be可省，只保留過去分詞。1.When asked about his discovery, Sir Alexander said: “One sometimes finds what one is not looking for.”2.Dont do that until told to . 3.I

21、dont go there unless invited4.I dont want to speak to anybody unless spoken to. 5.The flower his friend gave him will die unless _every day.A.watered B. watering C.water D.to water 6.Every evening after dinner, if not_from work, I will spend some time walking my dog. A.tired B. tiring C being tired

22、D.to be tired7. Dont to touch the equipment unless_.A.told B. telling C being told D.to be told24：你覺得.怎樣？三句式How did /do you find.? = How did/ do you like .? = What did /do you think of ? 你覺得.怎樣？如：1.-What did /do you think of the film?- It is very boring. 2.-How do you like your coffee? -As it comes.

23、(原味) 3.-How do you like your beef? -_. A Well- done B The stronger, the better C Its OK, thank you. D Thats enough. 答案是B. beef 這里是 肌肉，不是牛肉。25送客常用語：Nice having you here.- We really enjoy ourselves at the party. Thank you again. Mr White- Nice having you here. Just whenever you feel like.二.幾個重要的情態(tài)動詞的用

24、法1 .should +have +過分= ought to + have+過分，表示過去應(yīng)該做卻沒有做，含有責備或埋怨的語氣。2 must+ have +過去分詞, 表示過去一定。 3.cant /couldnt + have +過去分詞, 表示過去不可能。永遠不用 mustnt+ have + done 和can +have + done注意：can +have + done只能用在否定和疑問句，不能用于肯定句中。 4.neednt +have +過去分詞, 表示過去不必做某事但已經(jīng)做了某事。5.could +have +過去分詞, 表示過去本應(yīng)該做某事但沒有做某事。6may/ might

25、+ have +過去分詞, 表示過去或許。(1).The flower died , you _it. A must have watered B ought to water C should have watered D must water.(2). It_ last night ,for the ground is all wet. A must rain B should have rained C must have rained D could have rained .(3). -He failed in the exam.-Oh , he _hard at his lesso

26、ns.A should study B ought to study C must have studied. D should have studied.(4)- My cat is really fat. - You _ have given her so much food.A. mustnt B. shouldnt C. mightnt D.couldnt 7. need 與dare 當情態(tài)動詞+v原型,當實義動詞+ to do 1.He need go there = He needs to go there .= He needed to go there.2.He doesnt

27、need to go there.= He neednt go there.3.He dare not go there = He doesnt dare to go there .8.wouldnt 表示過去不肯； 如：The door _ open, no matter how hard I pushed it. (填wouldnt)【情態(tài)動詞熱點試題自測】1.I was really anxious about you. You _ home without a word.A. mustnt leaveB. shouldnt have left C. couldnt have left

28、D.neednt leave 2.Write to me when you get home.-_. A. I mustB. I should C. I willD. I can 3.Sorry,Im late.I_have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.A. mightB. shouldC. canD. will4. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out.A. had to B. would C. couldD

29、. was able to5. Johnny, you _ play with the knife, you _ hurt yourself.A. wont ; cant B. mustnt; may C. shouldnt ; must D. cant ; shouldnt6. -Shall I tell John about it?-No, you _. Ive told him already. A. neednt B. wouldntC. mustnt D. shouldnt7. -Could I borrow your dictionary? -Yes, of course you

30、_. A. mightB. willC. canD. should8. You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _ be so rude to a lady.A. might B. needC. should D. would9. -I climbed the tree and picked some apples. - Did you?It was dangerous!You _have falled of the tree and hurt yourself.A. might B. wouldC. should D. must10. -

31、 Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday.-You _ it in the wrong place.A. must put B. should have put C. might put D. might have put11. The room is so dirty. _we clean it? Of course. A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do 12. A left-luggage office is a place where bags _ be left for a sho

32、rt time, especially at a railway station. A. shouldB. can C. mustD. will13. My Mp4 player isnt in my bag.Where _ I have put it? A. shouldB. mustC. canD. would 14. I didnt see her in the meeting-room this morning. She _ at the meeting.A. mustnt have spoken B. shouldnt have spoken C. neednt have spoke

33、n D.couldnt have spoken 15. Jack _ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me.A. mustnt have arrived B. shouldnt have arrived C. cant have arrived D.neednt have arrived 三 分詞: 現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞 (1)分詞的用法： 分詞作定語 三種用法名+tobedone將被名+beingdone正被名+done已被【考點專練 】1.This is the school _next year. A being built B built

34、C to be built 2.This is the school_now A being built B built Cto be built 3.This is the school _last year. A being built B built C to be built 4.The question_ last night is important. Abeing discussed B discussed Cto be discussed D discussing5.I want to read novels _by Lu Xun . A . writing B written

35、 C. to be written D. being written6.He wants to buy a kind of TV set_ inJapan. A. made B make C being made D to make 7.All the people _yesterday were famous . A. to invite B inviting C invited D to be invited 8. The cloth _ of silk feels soft . A .makes B making C to be made D made 9.The boy_ by the

36、 teacher is naughty A. punished B to punish C will be punished D punishing 10. English is a language _ widely in the world . A. speaks B spoken C to be spoken D speaking 11.We are invited to a party _ in our club next Friday. A.being held B held Cto be held D holding12. The play_ next month aims mai

37、ny to reflect the local culture.A.being produced B produced Cto be produced D producing(2)分詞作前置定語的五個?？键c： 1 the fallen leaf 已經(jīng)落下的樹葉; the falling leaf 正在落的樹葉 2 boiled water 開水; boiling water 正在沸騰的水 3 developed country 發(fā)達國家 ; developing country 發(fā)展中的國家 4 spoken/ written English英語口語/書面語; English speaking

38、 country 說英語的國家 5 the lighted candle 點燃的蠟燭(3)分詞作狀語可以和狀語從句對換總結(jié)1:當狀語從句是同一主語,去掉引導(dǎo)詞和第一個主語，若只有 be動詞be換成being 即可。1.Because he was a boy , he couldnt go swimming alone .=Being a boy , he couldnt go swimming alone.2.As Im your teacher, I should be strict with you .=Being your teacher , I should be strict wi

39、th you .3.As he was ill , he didnt come to school .= Being ill, he didnt come to school .總結(jié)2:當狀語從句是同一主語,去掉引導(dǎo)詞和第一個主語，主動語態(tài)時，把詞改為現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。1.When he ate fish,he often thought of you= Eating fish, he often thought of you . 2.When he saw the boy falling into the river, he jumped into it = Seeing the boy fa

40、lling into the river, he jumped into it .3.When I heard the news,I burst into tears.= Hearing the news, I burst into tears. 總結(jié)3: 當狀語從句是同一主語, 且狀語從句是被動語態(tài), 去掉引導(dǎo)詞和一個 主語,只保留過去分詞作狀語即可。1.When water is heated , water can change into steam.=Heated, water can change into steam.2.When the city is seen from the

41、 hill, the city looks nice.=Seen from the hill,the city looks nice.3.When the earth is seen from the moon, the earth is like a plate.= Seen from moon, the earth is like a plate.4.When she is told again and again, she doesnt understand yet .=Told again and again, she doesnt understand yet .5.When the

42、 habit is once formed, the habit cant be changed. = Once formed, the habit cant be changed .(4) 分詞做狀語兩特大重點 分詞作狀語,前后主語必須一致，若不一致用狀語從句,不能用分詞1. Entering the room, _. A. lettrer was lying on the ground . B. a letter was found on the ground .C. he found a letter lying on the ground . D. a letter flew into

43、 the room . 2. Hearing the news, _. A. tears came to her eyes . B. her eyes were filled with tears. C. tears run down her face. D. she burst into tears.3._ on the Great Wall, a sense of pride came to our hearts. A. Standing B. Having stood C. When we stood D. Stood永遠用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語generally speaking一般來說; j

44、udging by / from (ones accent)從某人的口音判斷,time permitting, 時間允許的話;night falling,夜幕降臨; considering that.考慮到永遠用過去分詞作狀語Given(考慮到) that she is a girl, she cant go there Given(被給) more time ,we can do it better .(5)分詞作表語 人過物現(xiàn)”十大詞：1surprising 令人驚奇的 surprised 感到驚奇的 2exciting 令人興奮的 excited 感到興奮的3interesting 令人

45、感興趣的 interested 感興趣的4frightening 令人害怕的 frightened 感到害怕的5pleasing 令人高興的 pleased 感到高興的 6Puzzling =confusing令人迷惑的 puzzled=confused 感到迷惑的7tiring 令人勞累的 tired 感到勞累的8boring 令人討厭的 bored 感到厭煩的9 disappointing 令人失望的 disappointed 感到失望的10. annoying 令人惱火的 annoyed 感到惱火的(6) 巧記現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞口訣區(qū)別 ed，ing;先看動詞和主語，主語主用ing；主語

46、被，用ed ； 人過物現(xiàn)” 要牢記。1_the police ,the thief ran away. A Seeing B Seen C.Having seen D. To see2 _ from the great wall, Beijing is wonderful. A Seeing B Seen . C.Having seen D. To see3 _by the party, we live a rich life. A Leading B Led. C. To led D. Having led 4 _by the student , the teacher came in.A

47、Following B Followed. C. To follow D. Having followed5 _his students , the teacher came in. A Following B Followed. C. To led D. Having led6_by his face, he must be ill . A .Judging B Judged C. To judge D. Having judged7._ the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow int

48、o international stars. A .Given B Giving C. To give D. Having given8._ by the advances in technology, many farmers have set upwind farms.A .Encouraged B Encouraging C. To encourage D. Having encouraged9._ not to miss the flight at 5:20. the manager head for the airport in a hurry.A . Reminding B Rem

49、inded C. To remind D. Having reminded10._ twice, the man refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog. A . Bitten B Being bitten C. To be bitten D. Having bitten四、定語從句十大用法含有“的”主謂句， 就是定語從句，被定語從句修飾的詞叫“先行詞”翻譯定語從句時先譯“先行詞”，后譯定語從句。定語從句六大用法：一、當先行詞是人時,用who(作主語或賓語)； whom(作賓語)；that(作主語或賓語)；whose(作

50、定語)引導(dǎo)，切記引導(dǎo)詞作主語不能省略,作賓語可以省略。判斷作主語，賓語，定語的技巧 。 The man_ I see is Tom . A who B whom C that D which (2).填whose 的技巧：在先行詞后面填上“的”時候，即填 whose1.The boy whose parents died is Tom.= The boy the parents of whom died is Tom.2.This is the girl whose pronunciation is the best in our class.= This is the girl the pr

51、onunciation of whom is the best in our class.二、當先行詞是物的時候, 用that (主賓),which (主賓) 和 whose(作定語) 特大重點: what 永遠不能引導(dǎo)定語從句因為what= the thing which ; the thing 是先行詞；which 是引導(dǎo)詞，用what 引導(dǎo)定語從句時，the thing 和前面的先行詞重復(fù),所以what永遠不能引導(dǎo)定語從句。 同樣 that / which 作賓語可以省略, 作主語不可以省略。如：This is the book_ I borrow. A whom B that C wh

52、ich D what E /同樣： 在先行詞后面填上“的”時候，即填 whose ; 先行詞是物時whose + n = the +n + of which. 1.This is the house whose door is open. 2.The house _open south is new. A whos windows. B whose the windows. C the windows of whose D the windows of which.三、當先行詞是物時,that與which三大 區(qū)別：1.當先行詞是all, something, anything, everything, nothing 和 the one 時用that ,不用which.2.當先行詞被 the very, the only, the last 序數(shù)詞或最高級修飾that不用which. 3.當先行詞既有人又有物時用that不用w